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arXiv 2025年

作者： Yang, Kai-Cheng Goel, Pranav Quintana-Mathé, Alexi Horgan, Luke McCabe, Stefan D. Grinberg, Nir Joseph, Kenneth Lazer, David Network Science Institute Northeastern University BostonMA United States Department of Software and Information Systems Engineering Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Be’er-Sheva Israel Computer Science and Engineering Department University at Buffalo BuffaloNY United States

Social media play a pivotal role in disseminating web content, particularly during elections, yet our understanding of the association between demographic factors and political discourse online remains limited. Here, we introduce a unique dataset, DomainDemo, linking domains shared on Twitter (X) with the demographic characteristics of associated users, including age, gender, race, political affiliation, and geolocation, from 2011 to 2022. This new resource was derived from a panel of over 1.5 million Twitter users matched against their U.S. voter registration records, facilitating a better understanding of a decade of information flows on one of the most prominent social media platforms and trends in political and public discourse among registered U.S. voters from different sociodemographic groups. By aggregating user demographic information onto the domains, we derive five metrics that provide critical insights into over 129,000 websites. In particular, the localness and partisan audience metrics quantify the domains’ geographical reach and ideological orientation, respectively. These metrics show substantial agreement with existing classifications, suggesting the effectiveness and reliability of DomainDemo’s approach. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Tweets

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SSVEPPoolformer: An Improved Poolformer Model With the Adaptive Denoising Algorithm for SSVEP-EEG Signal Classification

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IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 2025年

作者： Li, Chunquan Liao, Zhiyuan Cheng, Yuxin Wang, Zitao Wu, Junyun Liu, Ruijun Liu, Peter X. Nanchang University School of Information Engineering Nanchang330031 China Nanchang University School of Mathematics and Computer Science Nanchang330031 China Beihang University School of Software Beijing100191 China Carleton University School of Department of Systems and Computer Engineering OttawaK1S 5B6 Canada

Most EEG classification algorithms based on steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP-EEG) require filtering for denoising. However, manually set thresholds may inadvertently remove useful information, leading to a loss of significant signal features. Additionally, most deep learning-based SSVEP-EEG classification models have limited global feature extraction capabilities, and the self-attention mechanism in Transformers increases computational costs. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a novel SSVEP-EEG classification algorithm, SSVEPPoolformer. SSVEPPoolformer integrates an adaptive denoising algorithm with an improved Poolformer algorithm, enhancing both denoising performance and classification accuracy. The adaptive denoising algorithm dynamically adjusts the threshold using a compensation and adaptive adjustment mechanism, effectively filtering noise while retaining critical signal features. The improved Poolformer algorithm replaces the self-attention mechanism with an average pooling operation, reducing computational costs while maintaining performance. It also uses adaptive average pooling to integrate cross-channel feature information and extract global fine-grained features, improving global feature extraction. The SSVEPPoolformer model's efficacy was validated on two public datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that compared with other state-of-the-art methods, SSVEPPoolformer has higher classification accuracy and Information Transfer Rate (ITR) in both intra-class and inter-class recognition scenarios, and has lower computational cost. © 1975-2011 IEEE.

关键词： Electroencephalography

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Runtime Backdoor Detection for Federated Learning via Representational Dissimilarity Analysis

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zhang, Xiyue Xue, Xiaoyong Du, Xiaoning Xie, Xiaofei Liu, Yang Sun, Meng School of Computer Science University of Bristol United Kingdom Department of Information and Computing Science School of Mathematical Science Peking University China Department of Software Systems and Cybersecurity Monash University Australia School of Computing and Information Systems Singapore Management University Singapore School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore

Federated learning (FL), as a powerful learning paradigm, trains a shared model by aggregating model updates from distributed clients. However, the decoupling of model learning from local data makes FL highly vulnerable to backdoor attacks, where a single compromised client can poison the shared model. While recent progress has been made in backdoor detection, existing methods face challenges with detection accuracy and runtime effectiveness, particularly when dealing with complex model architectures. In this work, we propose a novel approach to detecting malicious clients in an accurate, stable, and efficient manner. Our method utilizes a sampling-based network representation method to quantify dissimilarities between clients, identifying model deviations caused by backdoor injections. We also propose an iterative algorithm to progressively detect and exclude malicious clients as outliers based on these dissimilarity measurements. Evaluations across a range of benchmark tasks demonstrate that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods in detection accuracy and defense effectiveness. When deployed for runtime protection, our approach effectively eliminates backdoor injections with marginal overheads. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Federated learning

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Adaptive Deep Reinforcement Learning-based Resource Management for Complex Decision Making in Industry Internet of Things Applications

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Procedia computer Science 2025年 252卷 231-240页

作者： Niharika Karne Chandra Shekar Ramagundam Ranga Rao Patnala Shashishekhar Ramagundam Sai Nitisha Tadiboina Sr. Principal Systems Engineer in C&RS Platform services DT Amtrak USA University of south alabama Department of electrical engineering Masters in electrical engineering Senior Software Engineer in Cloud platform services City Of Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA Vice president Neuberger Berman US Software Development & Engineering in Content Discovery & AI Comcast USA Troy University Montgomery Campus AL. Department of computer Science Masters In Computer Science Department of Information Technology GEICO - Chevy Chase Chevy Chase MD 20815 United States

An independent industrial system may transform into a connected network through the assistance of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). The deployed sensors in the IIoT maintain surveillance of the industrial machinery and equipment. As a result, safety and reliability emerge as the primary concerns in IIoT. This presents a variety of well-known and increasing issues related to the industrial system. The IIoT devices are exposed to a wide range of malware, threats, and assaults. To prevent the IIoT devices from malware effects, effective protection plans must be implemented. But adequate security mechanisms are not be incorporated in IIoT devices with limited resources. It is essential to ensure the accuracy and dependability of information gathered by IIoT devices. Decisions taken with incomplete or inaccurate data might be devastating. To overcome these difficulties deep learning with reinforcement learning for complex decision-making in industry applications is developed in this research work. In this developed model, an Adaptive Deep Reinforcement learning (ADRL)-based resource management is performed to reduce the operation cost associated with IIoT deployments. Energy efficiency is essential in IIoT ecosystem, particularly for the devices that run on batteries. Through dynamic resource allocation based on workload needs and energy limits, ADRL-based resource management optimizes the usage of energy. The reliability of the designed model is enhanced by fine-tuning the parameters from DRL using the Ship Rescue Optimization (SRO) algorithm. Thus, ADRL-based resource management systems make real-time decisions based on current environmental conditions and system requirements. This helps the IIoT systems to react quickly to change demands and optimize resource allocation. Finally, the experimental analysis is performed to find the success rate of the developed resource management system via various metrics. Throughout the validation, the statistical analysis of the

关键词： Resource Management Industrial Internet of Things Applications Complex Decision Making Adaptive Deep Reinforcement Learning Ship Rescue Optimization

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A Survey on Large Language Models for Communication, Network, and Service Management: Application Insights, Challenges, and Future Directions

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IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials 2025年

作者： Boateng, Gordon Owusu Sami, Hani Alagha, Ahmed Elmekki, Hanae Hammoud, Ahmad Mizouni, Rabeb Mourad, Azzam Otrok, Hadi Bentahar, Jamal Muhaidat, Sami Talhi, Chamseddine Dziong, Zbigniew Guizani, Mohsen Khalifa University KU6G Research Center Department of Computer Science Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Ecole de Technologie Superieure Department of Software and IT Engineering Montreal Canada Lebanese American University Artificial Intelligence and Cyber Systems Research Center Department of CSM Beirut Lebanon Concordia University Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering MontrealQC Canada Ecole de Technologie Superieure Department of Electrical Engineering Montreal Canada Department of Computer Science Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Khalifa University KU6G Research Center Department of Computer and Information Engineering Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Carleton University Department of Systems and Computer Engineering OttawaONK1S 5B6 Canada Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence Department of ML Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates

The rapid evolution of communication networks in recent decades has intensified the need for advanced Network and Service Management (NSM) strategies to address the growing demands for efficiency, scalability, enhanced performance, and reliability of these networks. Large Language Models (LLMs) have received tremendous attention due to their unparalleled capabilities in various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks and generating context-aware insights, offering transformative potential for automating diverse communication NSM tasks. Contrasting existing surveys that consider a single network domain, this survey investigates the integration of LLMs across different communication network domains, including mobile networks and related technologies, vehicular networks, cloud-based networks, and fog/edge-based networks. First, the survey provides foundational knowledge of LLMs, explicitly detailing the generic transformer architecture, general-purpose and domain-specific LLMs, LLM model pre-training and fine-tuning, and their relation to communication NSM. Under a novel taxonomy of network monitoring and reporting, AI-powered network planning, network deployment and distribution, and continuous network support, we extensively categorize LLM applications for NSM tasks in each of the different network domains, exploring existing literature and their contributions thus far. Then, we identify existing challenges and open issues, as well as future research directions for LLM-driven communication NSM, emphasizing the need for scalable, adaptable, and resource-efficient solutions that align with the dynamic landscape of communication networks. We envision that this survey serves as a holistic roadmap, providing critical insights for leveraging LLMs to enhance NSM. © 1998-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Resource allocation

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Hierarchical Continual Learning for Domain-Knowledge Retention in Healthcare Federated Learning

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IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 2025年

作者： Iqbal, Saeed Zhong, Xiaopin Khan, Muhammad Attique Wu, Zongze AlHammadi, Dina Abdulaziz Liu, Weixiang Choudhry, Imran Arshad Shenzhen University College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering Shenzhen518060 China Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University Department of AI Alkhobar Saudi Arabia Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University College of Computer and Information Sciences Department of Information Systems Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia University of Central Punjab Faculty of Information Technology and Computer Science Department of Software Engineering Lahore Pakistan

Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) applications encounter issues with data protection, continual adaptation, and domain-specific knowledge retention, especially in consumer-centric IoMT scenarios. We overcome these obstacles and facilitate effective knowledge retention and task adaptation in IoMT applications. This study attempts to create a unique privacy-preserving federated learning framework that combines a hierarchical learning structure with Continual Learning (CL). Despite the advancements in Federated Learning (FL), current models have trouble integrating changing datasets in real-time while protecting privacy, as well as catastrophic forgetting, which occurs when previously learned knowledge is lost when adjusting to new tasks. We present a hierarchical learning framework that makes use of three levels of models -Junior Model (JM), Consultant Model (CM), and Senior Consultant Model (SCM) -to overcome these drawbacks. Each level of the model aids in archived retention and domain-knowledge adaptation. To guarantee that the model maintains valuable information over time and adapts to new tasks with ease, our method blends domain adaptation strategies with ongoing learning approaches like knowledge distillation and elastic weight consolidation (EWC). We compare the suggested methodology with current state-of-the-art (SOTA) models on healthcare datasets for tasks like illness diagnosis and medical image categorization. According to our findings, the hierarchical continual learning model performs better than SOTA techniques in terms of accuracy, task adaptability, and privacy protection. In the healthcare industry, our study sets a new standard for privacy-preserving, continuously adaptable federated learning systems, allowing for real-time, scalable IoMT applications that can adapt dynamically to a variety of changing datasets. © 1975-2011 IEEE.

关键词： Patient treatment

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Vehicle type recognition based on audio data 58

Vehicle type recognition based on audio data

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58th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, HICSS 2025

作者： Kobiela, Dariusz Hajdasz, Michal Erezman, Mateusz Nurzyńska, Karolina Zaporowski, Szymon Kurowski, Adam Weichbroth, Pawel Department of Software Engineering Faculty of Electronics Telecommunication and Informatics Gdańsk University of Technology Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12 Gdańsk80-233 Poland Department of Multimedia Systems Faculty of Electronics Telecommunication and Informatics Gdańsk University of Technology Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12 Gdańsk80-233 Poland Department of Algorithmics and Software Faculty of Automatic Control Electronics and Computer Science Silesian University of Technology Akademicka 16 Gliwice44-100 Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9780998133188

Identifying different vehicle types can help manage traffic more efficiently, reduce congestion, and improve public safety. This study aims to create a classification model that can recognize vehicle types based on the sound of passing vehicles. To achieve this, a database of raw audio files containing 1763 samples from two sources was assembled. The time-domain signals were converted to a time-frequency representation using the short-time Fourier transform to generate Mel Spectrograms. Mel-frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs) were also generated using the discrete cosine transform. In our experiments we compared these approaches. Since the data was imbalanced we applied online augmentation. Based on the literature review, we chose a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) classifier because it is particularly well suited for analyzing large datasets due to its automatic feature extraction, parameter sharing and sparsity. The results showed that Mel Spectrograms were more effective for audio data preprocessing in this particular use case, achieving the highest accuracy of 0.875 and the highest f1-score of 0.877 compared to MFCCs. © 2025 IEEE computer Society. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image coding

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Stereo Image Super-Resolution via Disparity Estimation and Domain Diffusion 9th

Stereo Image Super-Resolution via Disparity Estimation and D...

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9th International Symposium on Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, ISAIR 2024

作者： Wang, Wanjun Ma, Chunyan Zhu, Hongjun Xu, Kai Han, Huihui School of Computer and Software Engineering Anhui Institute of Information Technology WuHu241199 China School of Artificial Intelligence Department of Information Hohai University NanJing210024 China Platforms of Automotive Intelligent Software and Systems Anhui Institute of Information Technology WuHu241199 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819629107

Image super-resolution (SR) and disparity estimation are closely related in stereo images, with effective utilization of disparity maps enhancing SR performance. This paper proposes a stereo image super-resolution reconstruction network utilizing disparity estimation and a domain diffusion model. The network integrates disparity estimation with diffusion models for feature summation and domain space construction, enabling interaction between forward and backward diffusion memory units. To further improve reconstructed image quality, we introduce a novel memory unit inspired by long short-term memory concepts. Disparity loss and structural similarity are included in the loss function to achieve more accurate results. Experiments show that our method outperforms existing techniques. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Stereo image processing

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Enhanced Student Stress Prediction in Higher Education Using a TriBranch CNN Framework

Enhanced Student Stress Prediction in Higher Education Using...

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Integrated Circuits and Communication systems (ICICACS), IEEE International Conference on

作者： Fateh Bahadur Kunwar Satyajee Srivastava R Dhivya Monika Gulati K. Amudha D Antony Arul Raj Department of Computer Science and Engineering Geetanjali Institute of Technical Studies Udaipur India Department of Computer Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Technology Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies Faridabad India Department of Information Technology M.Kumarasamy College of Engineering Karur India MMIM Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University) Mullana Ambala India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Kongunadu College of Engineering and Technology Trichy India Department of Software Systems PSG College of Arts & Science Coimbatore India

ISBN: (数字)9798331508456

ISBN: (纸本)9798331508463

Students' stress levels have a significant impact on their academic performance in higher education, thus it's important to identify signs of stress early on and intervene to improve academic performance. Machine learning has evolved into a powerful tool for stress prediction, allowing for proactive support of at-risk youngsters. In order to better anticipate college students' stress levels, this study presents an enhanced TriBranch CNN framework. In order to provide the best possible performance, the technique includes data preparation, feature extraction, and model training. The dimensionality and redundancy are reduced using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). After being trained and tested against other models, the Fully Conditional Temporal Bayesian Network (Fully CTBN) outperformed them all with an accuracy of 93.29%, beating both traditional CNN and FCN approaches. These findings demonstrate that the Fully CTBN approach is useful for identifying students who may be struggling academically and providing schools with the information they need to implement data-driven interventions that boost student well-being and performance.

关键词： Training Accuracy Redundancy Human factors Machine learning Mental health Convolutional neural networks Integrated circuit modeling Stress Principal component analysis

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AI-based Adaptive Programming Education for Socially Disadvantaged Students: Bridging the Digital Divide

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TechTrends 2025年 1-18页

作者： Katona, Jozsef Gyonyoru, Klara Ida Katonane Department of Software Development and Application Institute of Computer Engineering University of Dunaujvaros Dunaujvaros Hungary Institute of Electronics and Communication Systems Kandó Kálmán Faculty of Electrical Engineering Obuda University Budapest Hungary GAMF Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science John Von Neumann University Kecskemet Hungary Department of Applied Quantitative Methods Faculty of Finance and Accountancy Budapest University of Economics and Business Budapest Hungary Department of Organizational Development and Communication Science Institute of Social Sciences University of Dunaujvaros Dunaujvaros Hungary

In the context of the digital economy, programming proficiency is an essential competency that promotes upward socio-economic mobility and expands career opportunities. However, students from socially disadvantaged backgrounds often face significant barriers to acquiring these skills, such as limited access to technology and educational resources. This study explores the impact of AI-based adaptive programming education on socially disadvantaged students' learning outcomes and engagement levels. The 122 participants in the research were divided into an experimental group (EG) that received AI-driven adaptive instruction, and a control group (CG) taught through the traditional curriculum during the 13-week experimental period. In the research, the combined pre-test/post-test assessments and self-report engagement questionnaires were used to focus on behavioural, emotional, and cognitive engagement. The findings showed that the EG demonstrated higher levels in programming knowledge and full-scale engagement across behavioural, emotional, and cognitive dimensions compared to the CG. This difference was confirmed through ANOVA, while ANCOVA, which controlled for students' socio-economic factors, further confirmed that the AI system had a positive impact on students’ results regardless of their socio-economic background. Indeed, current research findings suggest that AI-based adaptive learning environments can hold a promising opportunity to narrow educational gaps, boost engagement, and contribute toward better learning outcomes for socially disadvantaged students. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Adaptive learning AI-based education Disadvantaged students Programming education Student engagement

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