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Effect of Soft Reinforcement Particles on Microstructural, Mechanical, and Tribological Properties of Sintered Copper-Based Brake Composite Friction Material

SAE International Journal of Advances and Current Practices ...

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SAE International Journal of Advances and Current Practices in Mobility 2023年第4期6卷 2205-2217页

作者： Raja, P. Ramkumar, Penchaliah Machine Design Section Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras Tamil Nadu Chennai600 036 India

The main objective of the work is to investigate the friction and wear behavior of sintered copper-based brake composite friction material with a change in the volume percentage of soft reinforcement particles namely MoS2 by pin-on-disc tribometer for medium-duty automotive applications. The composite brake friction material contains copper (Cu) as a matrix, tin (Sn) as an additive, silicon carbide (SiC) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) as hard and soft reinforcement particles and barium sulfate (BaSO4) as filler. These hybrids copper-based brake composite friction (pin) samples are successfully prepared by a change in compositions of MoS2 from 0 to 5 vol. % in the step of 1 vol. % and the characterizations of friction samples are studied to understand the physical and mechanical properties such as density, hardness, and compressive strength. Finally, the dry sliding friction and wear test is conducted against grey cast iron material (disc) at constant load and sliding speed of 50 N and 5 m/s respectively using pin-on-disc equipment under room atmosphere. Based on the analysis of the result, the developed copper-based brake composite friction sample with 2 vol. % of MoS2 has shown better mechanical and tribological properties among other compositions. Further, post-test analysis on the worn-out sample surfaces using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) revealed that change in wear mechanisms from abrasion to adhesion as an increase in the volume percentage of MoS2. © 2023 SAE International. All Rights Reserved.

关键词： Compressive strength

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design of Active Suspension System for an Electric Car Using PID and LQR Controllers 6th

Design of Active Suspension System for an Electric Car Using...

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6th International and 21st National Conference on machines and Mechanisms, iNaCoMM 2023

作者： Khaparde, Mayank Krishnapillai, Shankar Shakya, Piyush Machine Design Section Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai600036 India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819754229

A desire for cutting-edge suspension systems that can improve ride comfort and vehicle stability has been generated by the development of electric cars (EVs). This paper presents a comprehensive study on designing and implementing an active suspension system for an electric car, utilizing Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller and Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) controller. The PID controller exhibits simplicity and responsiveness, while the LQR controller offers better disturbance rejection and optimal control action. The electric vehicle chosen for this research features an all-wheel in-wheel drive powertrain configuration and is modeled as a half-vehicle model having different weight distribution than an IC car. Performance of LQR suspension is observed to be better as compared to PID suspension, which in turn is better than the passive suspension system. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： Electric car suspension Half-vehicle model LQR active suspension PID active suspension

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Collaborative Collision Avoidance of Connected Vehicles Using ADMM with PI-Regulated Lagrangian Multipliers 19

Collaborative Collision Avoidance of Connected Vehicles Usin...

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19th IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering, CASE 2023

作者： Tan, Kaige Feng, Lei Törngren, Martin Kth Royal Institute of Technology The Department of Machine Design Stockholm10044 Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9798350320695

The decentralized approach is popular for the collaborative collision avoidance of connected vehicles in many scenarios. By modeling the task as a collaborative optimal control problem, Lagrangian methods are widely used to decouple the constraints and enable the decentralized solution. However, potential constraint-violating behavior will lead to oscillations during the Lagrangian update, resulting in more iterations and lower real-time efficiency. Existing methods generally neither address this shortcoming, nor explore the Lagrangian update mechanism. This study takes a control perspective, and solves this collaborative optimal control problem based on an extension of the Alternating Directions Method of Multipliers (ADMM) algorithm by performing the iteration update with a Proportional-Integral-(PI-) regulated controller. The link between the Lagrangian optimization and the PI controller improves the convergence performance during iterations. Simulation results in traffic intersection scenarios demonstrate the advantage of the proposed approach. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Collision avoidance

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Characterization of ultrafine particles from hardfacing coated brake rotors

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Friction 2023年第1期11卷 125-140页

作者： Yezhe LYU Ankur SINHA Ulf OLOFSSON Stefano GIALANELLA Jens WAHLSTRÖM Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences Lund UniversityLund SE-22100Sweden Department of Machine Design KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholm SE-10044Sweden Department of Industrial Engineering University of TrentoTrento 38123Italy

Automotive brake rotors are commonly made from gray cast iron(GCI).During usage,brake rotors are gradually worn off and periodically ***,replaced brake rotors are mostly remelted to produce brand-new cast iron products,resulting in a relatively high energy consumption and carbon footprint into the *** addition,automotive brakes emit airborne *** of the emitted particles are categorized as ultrafine,which are sized below 100 nm,leading to a series of health and environmental *** this study,two surface treatment techniques are applied,ie.,high-velocity oxygen fuel(HVOF)and laser cladding(LC),to overlay wear-resistant coatings on conventional GCI brake rotors in order to refurbish the replaced GCI brake rotor and to avoid the remelting *** two coating materials are evaluated in terms of their coefficient of friction(CoF),wear,and ultrafine particle emissions,by comparing them with a typical GCI brake *** results show that the CoF of the HVOF disc is higher than those of the GCI and LC ***,HVOF disc has the lowest wear rate but results in the highest wear rate on the mating brake pad *** LC disc yields a similar wear rate as the GCI *** ultrafine particles from the GCI and LC discs appeared primarily in round,chunky,and flake *** HVOF disc emits unique needle-shaped *** the ultrafine particle range,the GCI and HVOF discs generate particles that are primarily below 100 nm in the running-in period and 200 nm in the steady ***,the LC disc emitted particles that are primarily~200 nm in the entire test run.

关键词： ultrafine particle high-velocity oxygen fuel laser cladding brake particle size distribution particle morphology

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Material Characterization of Elastomeric Bearing Elements in Wave Energy Converters 15th

Material Characterization of Elastomeric Bearing Elements in...

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15th European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference, EWTEC 2023

作者： Duraisamy, Rimmie Andersson, Kjell Machine Design Department KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm114 28 Sweden

According to the European Council, 75% of the greenhouse emissions are caused by energy production and use. In order to decarbonize the energy sector, more research is focused towards the renewable energy sources. Among the many available resources, wave energy is one of the key resources to consider. As part of the research, KTH is developing a winch based point absorber wave energy converter. The winch consists of a chain link with elastomer bearings wound around a drum. The winding and unwinding motion of chain converts wave motion into electricity. A typical winch based wave energy converter undergoes around 80 million cycles in its lifetime. This calls for a durable system design requiring minimal service and maintenance. With an elastomer bearing, the winding and unwinding of the chain over the drum is realized as deformation of the elastomer thereby eliminating sliding. While the use of elastomer enables an efficient design, it also makes it more challenging due to its highly non-linear and viscoelastic behavior. A constitutive model is necessary to determine material characteristics of an elastomer for different loading conditions. In this work, a systematic design process is outlined and an attempt is made to determine a suitable hyperelastic material model for the elastomer. The study is focused on two materials - silicone and polyurethane. The test samples are compressed and followed by shear in deformation. For material model determination, the test data is curve fit and later verified using finite element method. The material is assumed incompressible. © 2023 European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference.

关键词： Winches

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A Type-1 Fuzzy Logic Framework for Early Risk Assessment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Using Clinical Risk Factors 2

A Type-1 Fuzzy Logic Framework for Early Risk Assessment of ...

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2nd International Conference on machine Learning and Autonomous Systems, ICMLAS 2025

作者： Suman, Saurabh Pacharaney, Utkarsha Gote, Pradnyawant M. Faculty of Engineering and - Technology Department of Computer Science & Design Maharashtra Wardha442001 India Faculty of Engineering and Technology Department of Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Maharashtra Wardha442001 India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331505745

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a condition that can put at risk both mother and fetus but early and proper risk assessment need to be carried out for effective management. This paper discloses a Mamdani-kind Fuzzy Inference System to evaluate GDM risk dependent on clinical parameters like age, parity, glucose levels, body mass index (BMI), and insulin levels. The system can simulate all the numerous risk factors in a more gentle way by the utilization of the triangular membership function that converts accurate clinical data into a fuzzy format. A clear rule base, got from the knowledge maps in the clinical field, is put together from the input data to determining the GDM risk levels. This is neither then defuzzied via the centroid method to generate a determinable score. Results show that this system can be used along with the experts, thus yielding the same results as them, meanwhile, it is capable of providing an intelligible output. It lends further credence to the role of fuzzy logic in uncertainties in medical data and their potential by decision support systems in clinical context. While reasonably beneficial results from the system are reported, the static nature of the membership functions implies, for the future, adaptability in methodologies for relative accuracy. This study still emphasizes that fuzzy logic finds application in settings of clinical delineation, which are distinctly more complex for their intended usefulness for conditions such as GDM here. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Risk assessment

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The influence of material's surface modification on the structure's dynamics-initial test results 15

The influence of material's surface modification on the stru...

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15th International AIVELA Conference on Vibration Measurements by Laser and Noncontact Techniques, AIVELA 2023

作者： Goszczak, J. Mitukiewicz, G. Batory, D. Department of Vehicles and Fundamentals of Machine Design Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Lodz University of Technology Zeromskiego 116 street Lodz Poland

Laser Doppler Vibrometry (LDV) is a still inexhaustible source of research knowledge. Continuous development of the hardware and software makes it possible to employ this technique to new applications. Among plenty of LDV research ideas, the analysis of the influence of material's surface modification on the structure's dynamics is not widely investigated. The aim of the paper is to verify a research hypothesis, which assumes that by applying a thin layer of material (coating) to an existing structure or by physical modification of structure's surface, it is possible to measurably change the dynamics features of the analysed structure in terms of values of natural frequencies and oscillations amplitudes. To perform the assumed research and measurement of vibration a doppler laser vibrometer Polytec PSV-500 was used. Measurement outcomes for different titanium alloy plates surface modifications are depicted. In article's summary research-based conclusions are formulated. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Titanium alloys

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Comparative Assessment of machine Learning Models for Predicting Glucose Intolerance Risk

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SN Computer Science 2024年第7期5卷 894页

作者： Kumar, B. P. Pradeep Manoj, H.M. Department of Computer Science and Design Atria Institute of Technology Affiliated to VTU Karnataka Bangalore India Department of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning BMS Institute of Technology and Management Affiliated to VTU Karnataka Bangalore India

This study focuses on predictive analytics and healthcare, specifically the prediction of Glucose Intolerance, a chronic metabolic disease with significant global health implications. The research aims to develop efficient tools for risk assessment and early identification, offering medical practitioners reliable instruments for identifying high-risk patients and implementing preventive measures in a timely manner. A significant challenge in managing Glucose Intolerance is the absence of effective and precise prediction models. Traditional risk assessment techniques often fail to capture the multifaceted nature of Glucose Intolerance development, leading to delayed treatments and suboptimal patient outcomes. To address this issue, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing various machine learning algorithms, including Decision Trees, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, CatBoost, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Classifier (SVC), Logistic Regression, and a Voting Classifier, to predict Glucose Intolerance. The primary objective was to identify the most effective combination of features and models for accurate predictions. Key factors considered included patient demographics, lifestyle characteristics, medical history, and genetic susceptibility, which were used to build robust and personalized prediction models. We conducted a comparative analysis of the machine learning models' performance based on cross-validated accuracy with test-train splits and folds: 0.2, 6;0.05, 4;0.1, 2;0.2, 6;and 0.05, 2. The results showed that Random Forest achieved test accuracies of 74%, 76%, 82%, 75%, and 79%;KNN achieved 70%, 72%, 74%, 75%, and 72%;SVC achieved 74%, 72%, 77%, 77%, and 72%;Logistic Regression achieved 73%, 76%, 79%, 73%, and 76%;Gradient Boosting achieved 72%, 79%, 75%, 73%, and 79%;XGBoost achieved 72%, 79%, 77%, 74%, and 79%;CatBoost achieved 74%, 76%, 79%, 75%, and 76%;Decision Tree achieved 60%, 83%, 74%, 70%, and 79%;and Voting Classifier achieved 74%, 7

关键词： Algorithmic approaches Chronic disease Data-driven healthcare Early detection Glucose Intolerance Healthcare analytics machine learning Personalized medicine Prediction Predictive modelling Risk stratification

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Optimal design of Magnetorheological Damper for Prosthetic Ankle 10th

Optimal Design of Magnetorheological Damper for Prosthetic A...

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10th International Conference on Wave Mechanics and Vibrations, WMVC 2022

作者： Kumar, Sachin Chandramohan, Sujatha Srinivasan, Sujatha Machine Design Section Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai600036 India

ISBN: (纸本)9783031157578

MR fluid is being used, of late, in several applications such as vibration isolation, prosthetics and haptic devices. Application of a magnetic field controls the rheological properties of the MR fluid enabling pressure drop, high shear stress, and reversibility of these properties. The present work aims at designing a prosthetic ankle and utilizes a pressure drop formulation using the Bingham model. Subsequently, magnetostatic analysis is done for solving an approximate parametric magnetic model (PMM) assuming linear magnetic systems. The usage of PMM reduces the computation time. Finite element magnetostatic (FEMS) validation of PMM for fluid parameters has been done. Finally, the design parameters of the MR valve are optimized with a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA). The selection of design parameters has been done considering anthropometric constraint of a below-knee amputee. The objective functions chosen for the optimization are to: (a) maximize pressure drop and (b) minimize mass of the damper valve, thus reducing the mass of the prosthetic ankle. The optimization results indicate effective trade-off solutions between pressure drop and mass of the damper. The most optimal design is arrived at by awarding higher priority to the mass of the MR damper. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Multiobjective optimization

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DEVELOPMENT OF A 3D DEM SIMULATION SOFTWARE FOR COUPLED SIMULATIONS 38

DEVELOPMENT OF A 3D DEM SIMULATION SOFTWARE FOR COUPLED SIMU...

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38th ECMS International Conference on Modelling and Simulation, ECMS 2024

作者： Gräff, József Balázs Pásthy, László Tamás, Kornél Bachelor’s student Budapest University of Technology and Economics Hungary Department of Machine and Product Design Budapest University of Technology and Economics Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Hungary

This study is based on the development and methodology of building 3 dimensional discrete-, and finite element (DEM-FEM) simulation engines, as well as the potential way of improving usability and simulation speed. The program demonstrated here, BMEDEM3D, natively supports discrete element, finite element, and mass spring simulations. Currently no simulation software supports all these methods without the need for coupling several different programs to achieve these results. BMEDEM3D contains a powerful Graphical User Interface, which lets the user configure everything without needing to understand programming. ©ECMS Daniel Grzonka, Natalia Rylko, Grazyna Suchacka, Vladimir Mityushev (Editors) 2024.

关键词： Graphical user interfaces

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