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Experimental studies on crashworthiness analysis of a sandwich composite panel under axial impact: A comprehensive review

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Procedia Structural Integrity 2023年 48卷 65-72页

作者： Ilham Bagus Wiranto Sherly Octavia Saraswati Aditya Rio Prabowo Iqbal Reza Al Fikri Chairunnisa Teguh Muttaqie Muhammad Ilham Adhynugraha Fadli Cahya Megawanto Arif Hidayat Abid Paripurna Aryandi Marta Fajar Ari Wandono Abian Nurrohmad Research Center for Process and Manufacturing Industry Technology BRIN Banten 15314 Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta 57126 Indonesia Research Center for Energy Conversion and Conservation BRIN Banten 15314 Indonesia Research Center for Hydrodynamics Technology BRIN Surabaya 60117 Indonesia Research Center for Aeronautics Technology BRIN Bogor 16350 Indonesia Research Center for Advanced Material BRIN Banten 15314 Indonesia

Fiber reinforced polymer composites are commonly used in the aircraft industry for structural applications, such as crash absorber. Furthermore, carbon fiber composite has shown great performance in the design of light-weight thin-walled structure. This study aims to present an in-depth review of experimental studies on the crashworthiness analysis of a sandwich composite structure under axial impact loading. In this paper, the key experimental setups of various types axial impact event will be explained. Several numerical methods to replicate the impact loading event are also reviewed, including constitutive material and failure assumption, boundary conditions, and analysis methods. In addition, a schematic plan for the further experimental studies on the drop-weight impact under varying crushing weights will be presented together with dynamic impact loading scheme.

关键词： Crashworthiness Sandwich composite structure Finite element Method Drop-weight impact

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Progress Toward Composition-Based Inline Sorting and Recycling of Multilayer Polymer Packaging

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Bredács, Márton Barretta, Chiara Geier, Jutta Feuchter, Michael Plevová, Katerina Oreski, Gernot Koinig, Gerald Csányi, Brigitta Viktória Gergely, Szilveszter Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH Sauraugasse 1 Leoben8700 Austria Material Science and Testing of Polymers Department Polymer Engineering and Science Montanuniversitaet Leoben Franz Josef-Street 18 Leoben8700 Austria Waste Processing Technology and Waste Management Department of Environmental and Energy Process Engineering Montanuniversitaet Leoben Franz Josef-Straße 18 Leoben8700 Austria Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science Budapest University of Technology and Economics Műegyetem Rkp. 3 Budapest1111 Hungary

Two-dimensional plastic packaging films provide vital protection during transport and storage of food and other goods, offering significant economic benefits compared to other materials. However, their usage results in a considerable amount of packing waste including multi-materials and multilayer films made of various polymer layers, which are exceptionally difficult to recycle. To promote sustainable material usage, efforts towards recycling of these two‑dimensional materials are essential. This work presents a proof of concept for composition-based mechanical sorting of multilayer plastic films. The use of transflectance near-infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging data collected on a laboratory scale sorting line and principal component analysis (PCA) allowed a composition-specific distinction. Besides the separation of multilayers from monolayers, several multilayer classes according to their two major polymer components were identified. In case of two commonly used multilayers, polyethylene-polyamide (PE/PA) and polyethylene-polyethylene terephthalate (PE/PET), further NIR based classification was found and investigated using Raman and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (FTIR-ATR) imaging spectroscopy. Cross-section analysis showed that only certain classes within PE/PA multilayers contain ethylene vinyl alcohol, whereas classes within PE/PET showed the presence of polyvinyl alcohol layers and different number of layers. This composition-based sorting method could enhance the recycling potential of multilayer packaging films. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hyperspectral imaging

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Coastal aquatic pollutants degradation using ZnCo2O4 nanorods

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Environmental Research 2024年 258卷 119441页

作者： Gnanasekaran, Lalitha Ramalingam, Gomathi Suresh, R. Nangan, Senthilkumar Zielińska-Jurek, Anna Chen, Wei-Hsin Soto-Moscoso, Matias Instituto de Alta Investigación Universidad de Tarapacá Arica1000000 Chile Department of Civil Engineering KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology Coimbatore641407 India Department of Chemistry Karpagam Academy of Higher Education Tamil Nadu Coimbatore641021 India Centre for Material Chemistry Karpagam Academy of Higher Education Tamil Nadu Coimbatore641021 India Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute Chulalongkorn University Thailand Faculty of Chemistry Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology Gdansk University of Technology Narutowicza 11/12 PL Gdansk80233 Poland Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics National Cheng Kung University Taiwan 701 Taiwan Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy Tunghai University Taichung407 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung411 Taiwan Universidad Autónoma de Chile Chile

Water pollution has caused problems in coastal areas, rivers, lakes, and other important water sources around the world as a result of inappropriate waste management. Meanwhile, these pollutants are harmful to humans and aquatic life. Textile dye effluent methyl orange (MO) was used in this work for dye degradation studies employing nanocomposites. As a result, the importance of synthesizing pure ZnO and Co3O4 nanoparticles with composites of ZnCo2O4 (zinc cobaltite) nanorods in three various proportions (90:10, 75:25, and 50:50) is emphasized in this study. Many advanced approaches were used to assess the various features of these materials, including size and shape. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was used to determine the vibrational modes of the materials. The absorption measurements were then carried out using UV–vis spectroscopic techniques, and the photocatalytic breakdown of MO was done under visible light irradiation. The findings revealed that pure materials were inadequate for visible light activity, resulting in decreased degradation efficiencies. Spinel cobaltite structures have potential degradation efficiency under visible light, while ZnCo2O4 (50:50) catalyst has superior degradation efficiency of 59.8% over MO. The crystallite size, morphology, functional group, absorption wavelength, and band gap all play important roles in enhancing the material's photocatalytic activity under visible light. Meanwhile, ZnCo2O4 spinel structures are crucial for increasing charge carriers and reducing electron-hole recombination. As a result, zinc cobaltite minerals are widely used in industrial dye degradation applications. © 2024 Elsevier Inc.

关键词： II-VI semiconductors

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Periodic Two-dimensional Arrays of Silicon Quantum Dots for Nanoscale Device Applications

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MRS Online Proceedings Library 2021年第1期737卷 438-443页

作者： Christopher C. Striemer Rishikesh Krislinan Qianghua Xie Leonid Tsybeskov Philippe M. Fauchet Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Rochester Rochester USA Process and Material Characterization Laboratory Semiconductor Product Sector Mesa USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark USA

We report a successful unification of standard lithographic approaches (top down), anisotropic etching of atomically smooth surfaces, and controlled crystallization of silicon quantum dots (bottom up) to produce silicon nanoclusters at desired locations. These results complement our previous demonstration of silicon nanocrystal uniformity in size, shape, and crystalline orientation in nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si)/SiO2 superlattices, and could lead to practical applications of silicon nanocrystals in electronic devices. The goal of this study was to induce silicon nanocrystal nucleation at specific lateral sites in a continuous amorphous silicon (a-Si) film. Nearly all previous studies of silicon nanocrystals are based on films containing isolated nanocrystals with random lateral position and spacing. The ability to define precise two-dimensional arrays of quantum dots would allow each quantum dot to be contacted using standard photolithographic techniques, leading to practical device applications like high-density memories. In this work, a template substrate consisting of an array of pyramid-shaped holes in a (100) silicon wafer was formed using standard microfabrication techniques. The geometry of this substrate then influenced the crystallization of an a-Si/SiO2 superlattice that was deposited on it, resulting in preferential nucleation of silicon nanoclusters near the bottom of the pyramid holes. These clusters are clearly visible in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images, while no clusters have been observed on the planar surface areas of the template. Possible explanations for this selective nucleation and future device structures will be discussed.

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Structural and Diffusional Characteristics Study of Il-Pdms Membranes for Alcohol Purification: Md Simulation Approach

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Ahmad, Ali Akram, Naeem Arshad, Faiza Tufail, Muhammad Khurram Qaisrani, Naeem Akhtar Kanwal, Maida Hassan, Afaq Babar, Muhammad Ullah, Sami School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing102488 China School of Chemical Engineering Minhaj University Lahore54000 Pakistan Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing102488 China College of Material Science and Engineering Qingdao University Qingdao266071 China Department of Chemical Engineering Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan64200 Pakistan Sustainable Development Study Center Government College University Lahore54000 Pakistan Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology Gdansk University of Technology Gdansk80226 Poland Department of Chemistry College of Science King Khalid University Abha61413 Saudi Arabia

This research uses Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations to explore the structural properties and feed transportation behaviors of Ionic Liquid-Polydimethylsiloxane (IL-PDMS) membranes in the pervaporation process. The effects of concentration, temperature, and surface area on IL-PDMS membranes and the Fractional Free Volume (FFV) and Mean-Squared Displacement (MSD) are examined. Additionally, the glass transition temperatures (Tg's) are explored through the construction of a specialized IL-PDMS unit cell. The simulated Tg value of a pure PDMS is 150 K, which aligns with previous studies, validating the method's accuracy and highlighting its potential application for investigating the glass transition of various polymers. By analyzing feed movement, including ethanol/water trajectories, MSD, and diffusivity at different temperatures, the diffusion mechanism within the IL-PDMS membrane matrix is elucidated. An increment in the operational temperature enhances the chain mobility of the polymer and enlarges the membrane's free volume. Notably, water molecules exhibit higher mobility due to their smaller size and less attraction to PDMS, resulting in a small transfer hindrance compared to ethanol. Consequently, ethanol demonstrates a greater preference for concentrating within the IL-PDMS membrane from ethanol/water mixtures. The findings demonstrate the efficacy of MD simulations in analyzing the performance of IL-PDMS membranes during pervaporation separation. This approach offers valuable insights into membrane behavior and holds promise for advancing membrane-based processes. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Molecular dynamics

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Effect of Al2O3 doping on the structure and performance of an Al2O3/Fe2O3 catalyst for mercury oxidation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第4期32卷 138-145页

作者： Ruihui Liu Tingyu Zhu Li Tong Wenqing Xu School of Resources and Civil Engineering Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Research Center for Process Pollution Control National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production TechnologyInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Resources and Materials Northeastern University at QinhuangdaoQinhuangdao 066004China Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material Hebei Province Qinhuangdao 066004China Department of Air Pollution Control Beijing Municipal Institute of Labor ProtectionBeijing 100054China

In this study,the thermal stability of a Fe2 O3 catalyst for mercury oxidation was significantly improved by doping with Al2 *** 1 hr,the catalyst doped with 10 wt.%Al2 O3 still exhibited a mercury conversion efficiency of 70.9%,while the undoped sample even lost its catalytic *** with Al2 O3 retarded the collapse of the catalyst mesoporous structure during high-temperature calcination,and the doped samples maintained a higher specific surface area,smaller pore size,and narrower pore size *** electron microscope images revealed that after calcination at 350℃,the average size of the catalyst grains in Fe2 O3 was 23.4 nm;however,the corresponding values for 1%Al2 O3/Fe2 O3,3%Al2 O3/Fe2 O3,and 10%Al2 O3/Fe2 O3 were only 13.3,7.1,and 4.7 nm,*** obtained from X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetry coupled with differential scanning calorimetry confirmed that doping with Al2 O3 also retards the crystallization of the catalysts at high temperature,constraining catalyst grains to a smaller size.

关键词： Mercury Catalytic oxidation Fe2O3 Al2O3 Thermal stability

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Numerical Simulation of Cavitation and FlashBoiling in GDI Nozzle and Spray 5

Numerical Simulation of Cavitation and FlashBoiling in GDI N...

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5th International Symposium on Hydrogen Energy and Energy Technologies, HEET 2022

作者： Zhao, Zirui Zhang, Xinyu Gong, Mengjun Chen, Mengrong Ren, Yong Department of Mechanical Materials and Manufacturing Engineering University of Nottingham Ningbo China 199 Taikang East Road Ningbo315100 China No.7 Shanglinyuan Road High-tech Zone Chang'an District Xi'an710000 China Research Center for Fluids and Thermal Engineering University of Nottingham Ningbo China 199 Taikang East Road Ningbo315100 China Ningbo Key Laboratory on Energy Material and Technology University of Nottingham Ningbo China 199 Taikang East Road Ningbo315100 China Key Laboratory for Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification Research of Zhejiang University of Nottingham Ningbo China 199 Taikang East Road Ningbo315100 China

This work aims at using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method to establish a gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine nozzle and combustion chamber model to simulate cavitation and flash boiling phenomena and analyze how these phenomena affect the engine performance. FLUENT 15.0 is used to simulate the flow of fuel. The cavitation phenomenon in GDI nozzle was simulated comprehensively, and the influences of parameter values such as inlet pressure and outlet pressure on cavitation were studied in this work. The results show that high injection pressure can promote the occurrence of cavitation and high outlet pressure has an inhibitory effect on cavitation. However, the effect of cavitation on atomization cannot be seen intuitively only through the simulation of the internal nozzle. The two-dimensional inter nozzle model established in this work is a foundation for the establishment of external nozzle model. It can provide specific boundary conditions at nozzle outlet. In addition, a three-dimensional external nozzle model was established to simulate the flash boiling spray in the combustion chamber. Based on the mechanism, it can be found that flash boiling spray improves the atomization quality. After verifying the simulation results with relevant experiments, these models could bring great convenience to the study of cavitation and flash boiling with sufficient reliability in further study. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Cavitation

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Lattice Boltzmann simulation of cathode catalyst layer degradation on transport reaction process within a proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Green Energy and Resources

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Green Energy and Resources 2023年第2期1卷

作者： Wang, Yulin Liao, Xiangling Xu, Haokai He, Wei Li, Hua Xing, Lei Wang, Xiaodong Tianjin Key Lab of Refrigeration Technology Tianjin University of Commerce Tianjin 300134 China Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhejiang Province Ningbo 315200 China Department of Chemical and Process Engineering University of Surrey Guildford GU2 7XH United Kingdom Research Center of Engineering Thermophysics North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China

The degradation of the catalyst layer significantly affects the gas transport and electrochemical processes in the porous electrodes, thus affecting the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. To reveal the catalyst layer degradation impact, the microscopic porous structure of the cathode catalyst layer was reconstructed by a random algorithm in this work. Consequently, Lattice Boltzmann method was used to study the oxygen transport and electrochemical reaction processes at the limiting current density condition with considering the degradation of platinum, carbon particles, and ionomers under uniform and exponential degradation rates, respectively. The results reveal that the degradation of platinum reduces the reaction sites in the catalyst layer, thus deteriorating the electrochemical kinetics and lowering the total reaction rate. On the contrary, the degradation of carbon and ionomer shows two diametrically opposed effects. On the one hand, the oxygen transport is improved due to carbon and ionomer degradation, especially for ionomer degradation, thereby accelerating the total reaction rate. On the other hand, the degradation of carbon and ionomer triggers the detachment of platinum particles, leading to a decrease in reaction rate. In the early stages of the multi-component simultaneous degradation process, the total reaction rate is prohibited by oxygen transport limitation inside the catalyst layer;as the degradation degree increases, the oxygen transport through the ionomer films is enhanced and the electrochemical kinetics becomes the rate determining factor, especially for exponential degradation rate. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the oxygen transport and electrochemical reaction within the catalyst layers with respect to different degrees of catalyst layer degradation, which can guide the design of high-performance anti-degradation catalyst layers for the next generation of fuel cells. © 2023 The Authors

关键词： Catalyst layer degradation Lattice Boltzmann method Oxygen reduction reaction Oxygen transport Proton exchange membrane fuel cell

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Facet Effect on Nanosheet Co3O4 Catalysts for Toluene Oxidation: Decisive Role of Co3+ and Reaction Induced Oxygen Vacancy

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Liu, Rui Wu, Tao Yin, Hongfeng Chu, Yuting Li, Yiming Li, Kaijie Li, Tong Yu, Hongbo Wu, Biao Zhang, Qiuju Liang, Rui Chen, Yipei Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering The University of Nottingham Ningbo China Ningbo315100 China Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences 1219 Zhongguan West Road Zhejiang Ningbo315201 China Key Laboratory of Advanced Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers Technology of Zhejiang Province Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhejiang Ningbo315201 China Key Laboratory of Carbonaceous Waste Processing and Process Intensification of Zhejiang Province University of Nottingham Ningbo China Ningbo315100 China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China

Co3O4 is recognized as an advantageous material for harmful VOCs abatement. In this paper, three types of Co3O4 catalysts with nanosheet morphology or tissue were synthesized and applied in the pyrolysis of toluene. This research revealed the proportion of exposed facets of three samples and the comprehensive DFT calculated results on facets explained our experimental results well. A series of characterization results showed that Co3+ was more important than surface oxygen, and the defects formed in the reaction process of the catalyst were more important than the oxygen vacancies. This work on Co3O4 catalytic material and toluene degradation provides new insight on facets, Co3+ and oxygen vacancies for enhancing catalyst development in practical uses. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nanosheets

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Numerical study of spray cooling with flash evaporation 5

Numerical study of spray cooling with flash evaporation

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5th International Symposium on Hydrogen Energy and Energy Technologies, HEET 2022

作者： Chen, Mengrong Xie, Yue Gong, Mengjun Zhang, Xinyu Ren, Yong Department of Mechanical Materials and Manufacturing Engineering University of Nottingham Ningbo China 199 Taikang East Road Ningbo315100 China Research Center for Fluids and Thermal Engineering University of Nottingham Ningbo China 199 Taikang East Road Ningbo315100 China Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China Ltd No. 919 Shangfei Road Pudong New Area Shanghai200135 China Ningbo Key Laboratory on Energy Material and Technology University of Nottingham Ningbo China 199 Taikang East Road Ningbo315100 China Key Laboratory for Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification Research of Zhejiang University of Nottingham Ningbo China 199 Taikang East Road Ningbo315100 China

This work aims to apply Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) method to establish a flash evaporation spray cooling (FESC) model to simulate the heating process and find the optimum cooling performance. The heat transfer process during FESC is studied through numerical simulation using commercial code ANSYS FLUENT. The species transport model and the discrete phase model are applied to simulate the multiphase flow and heat transfer process. The turbulence effect is included. The effects of flow rate, nozzle pressure, nozzle angle, and the nozzle orifice size on spray cooling are investigated through analyzing the final surface temperature distributions. This work revealed the mechanism of the heat transfer process in FESC by means of particle tracks and velocity magnitude distribution. The simulated results for the effect of flow rate were compared with other researchers' previous published experimental results. The comparison shows same trend, which verified the model and the simulation result. The optimum cooling performance is found by analyzing various working conditions. The results show that high flow rate, high nozzle pressure, small nozzle angle and small nozzle orifice can improve the FESC characteristics. The detailed mechanisms of these effects under various working conditions are also discussed. Under giving working conditions, the optimum cooling performance is obtained for the condition where mass flow rate of working fluid is 2L/min, the nozzle pressure is 100MPa, the nozzle angle is 15 degrees and the orifice size of the nozzle is 1mm. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Computational fluid dynamics

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