Silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge) are both recognized as a promising anode material for high-energy lithium-ion batteries. Si is abundant and best known for its superior gravimetric energy storage capacity, while Ge exh...
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This research studied the quantity of free formaldehyde released from 2- [(hydroxymethyl)amino]ethanol (HAE) in DI water and natural rubber latex mixture using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. ...
This research studied the quantity of free formaldehyde released from 2- [(hydroxymethyl)amino]ethanol (HAE) in DI water and natural rubber latex mixture using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. The quantity of formaldehyde retained in the solution was cross-checked by using titration technique. The investigated factors were the concentration of preservative (HAE), pH, and temperature. Taguchi's method was used to design the experiments. The number of experiments was reduced to 16 experiments from all possible experiments by orthogonal arrays (3 factors and 4 levels in each factor). Minitab program was used as a tool for statistical calculation and for finding the suitable condition for the preservative system. HPLC studies showed that higher temperature and higher concentration of the preservative influence the amount of formaldehyde released. It was found that conditions at which formaldehyde was released in the lowest amount were 1.6%w/v HAE, 4 to 40 °C, and the original pH. Nevertheless, the pH value of NR latex should be more than 10 (the suitable pH value was found to be 13). This preservative can be used to replace current preservative systems and can maintain the quality of latex for long-term storage. Use of the proposed preservative system was also shown to have reduced impact on the toxicity of the environment.
A simple, novel technique for chemiresistive H2 gas sensor fabrication has been developed using an M13 bacteriophage template. The biological template was used to assemble chains of gold (Au) nanoparticles which were ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781482258271
A simple, novel technique for chemiresistive H2 gas sensor fabrication has been developed using an M13 bacteriophage template. The biological template was used to assemble chains of gold (Au) nanoparticles which were covered with palladium (Pd) using electroless deposition, thus producing Au@Pd core-shell nanowires. Sensors were composed of a randomly dispersed, nanowire network and had measured resistances between 1 and 1000 kΩ. Room temperature sensing analysis was completed for H2 gas concentrations from 100 ppm to 2000 ppm. Device resistance increased with H2 gas exposure. For these viral-templated Pd nanowire sensors, a maximum response of 160% was found at 2000 ppm and a lowest limit of detection of 6 ppm was determined.
Bio-templated assembly enables facile bottom-up assembly of complex and unique nanostructures for chemiresistive gas sensors. Viral-templated gold nanowires have been synthesized for use in highly sensitive H2S sensor...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781482258271
Bio-templated assembly enables facile bottom-up assembly of complex and unique nanostructures for chemiresistive gas sensors. Viral-templated gold nanowires have been synthesized for use in highly sensitive H2S sensors that operate at room temperature. The biological template served as a physical template for gold nanoparticle alignment and as a functional component to enhance sensor sensitivity. Viral-templated gold nanowire H2S sensors displayed high performance with sensitivity near 850%/ppm, lowest detection limit of 1 ppb, and 70% recovery after 6 min for 0.025 ppm. In comparison, a H2S sensor in which the viral template was removed showed a 170 times lower sensitivity of 5%/ppm and no recovery. High sensitivity, room temperature operational viral-templated gold nanowire based H2S sensors have been fabricated and characterized, showing promise of biological-templated nanostructures for enhanced gas sensing.
The pronounced variation of the optical reflectance R of nanometer thin VO2 films with temperature T at the phase transition recently has triggered interest in the development of compact thermo-optical sensors that ut...
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Innovative continuous stainless steel fibre filaments with a 30μm diameter allow the production of ductile composite laminates exhibiting high strain-to-failure behaviour. This study introduces unidirectional stainle...
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Innovative continuous stainless steel fibre filaments with a 30μm diameter allow the production of ductile composite laminates exhibiting high strain-to-failure behaviour. This study introduces unidirectional stainless steel fibre reinforced epoxy composites and reports the mechanical behaviour under quasi-static tension and compression in both principle material directions, along with the in-plane shear properties. In-plane mechanical properties, including elastic moduli and strengths were determined by use of resistance strain gauge measurements and Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique, providing full field strain maps during loading and identifying local strain concentrations. The damage morphology of failed specimens loaded in different directions was examined using both optical microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), identifying the principle features of failure.
We study the fragility of spin glasses to small temperature perturbations numerically using population annealing Monte Carlo. We apply thermal boundary conditions to a three-dimensional Edwards-Anderson Ising spin gla...
We study the fragility of spin glasses to small temperature perturbations numerically using population annealing Monte Carlo. We apply thermal boundary conditions to a three-dimensional Edwards-Anderson Ising spin glass. In thermal boundary conditions all eight combinations of periodic versus antiperiodic boundary conditions in the three spatial directions are present, each appearing in the ensemble with its respective statistical weight determined by its free energy. We show that temperature chaos is revealed in the statistics of crossings in the free energy for different boundary conditions. By studying the energy difference between boundary conditions at free-energy crossings, we determine the domain-wall fractal dimension. Similarly, by studying the number of crossings, we determine the chaos exponent. Our results also show that computational hardness in spin glasses and the presence of chaos are closely related.
This work reports the synthesis of apatite-type lanthanum silicate powders with nominal composition La10Si6O27 by an innovative chemical route which combines co-precipitation and sol-gel approaches. The herein propose...
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A new family of mechanochromic photonic‐crystal fibers exhibits tunable structural colors under stretching. This novel mechanochromic fiber is prepared by depositing polymer microspheres onto a continuous aligned‐ca...
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A new family of mechanochromic photonic‐crystal fibers exhibits tunable structural colors under stretching. This novel mechanochromic fiber is prepared by depositing polymer microspheres onto a continuous aligned‐carbon‐nanotube sheet that has been wound on an elastic poly(dimethylsiloxane) fiber, followed by further embedding in poly(dimethylsiloxane). The color of the fiber can be tuned by varying the size and the center‐to‐center distance of the polymer spheres. It further experiences reversible and rapid multicolor changes during the stretch and release processes, for example, between red, green, and blue. Both the high sensitivity and stability were maintained after 1000 deformation cycles. These elastic photonic‐crystal fibers were woven into patterns and smart fabrics for various display and sensing applications.
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