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Cascaded multiparameter quantum metrology

Physical Review A 2025年第1期111卷 012618-012618页

作者： Gregory Krueper Lior Cohen Juliet T. Gopinath Department of Physics University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado 80309 USA

We present an innovative, platform-independent concept for multiparameter sensing where the measurable parameters are in series, or cascaded, enabling measurements as a function of position. With temporally resolved detection, we show that squeezing can give a quantum enhancement in sensitivity over that of classical states by a factor of e2r, where r≈1 is the squeezing parameter. As an example, we have modeled an interferometer that senses multiple phase shifts along the same path, demonstrating a maximal quantum advantage by combining a coherent state with squeezed vacuum. Further classical modeling with up to 100 phases shows linear scaling potential for adding nodes to the sensor. The approach can be applied to remote sensing, geophysical surveying, and infrastructure monitoring.

关键词： Interferometers

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Decarbonizing the Food System with Microbes and Carbon-Neutral Feedstocks

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Annual Review of Food science and Technology 2025年第1期16卷 81-104页

作者： Mahmud, Niaz Taiwo, Kayode J. Usack, Joseph G. Sustainable Food Systems Engineering Group Department of Food Science and Technology University of Georgia AthensGA United States Food and Nutritional Sciences Program North Carolina A&T State University GreensboroNC United States New Materials Institute University of Georgia AthensGA United States Institute for Integrative and Precision Agriculture University of Georgia AthensGA United States

Harnessing CO2 and CO2-derived C1-C2 compounds for microbial food production can mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and boost sustainability within the food sector. These innovative technologies support carbon neutrality by generating nutrient-rich edible microbial biomass and biocompounds using autotrophic and heterotrophic microbes. However, qualifying microbial food viability and future impacts in the food sector remains challenging due to their diversity, technical complexity, socioeconomic forces, and incipient markets. This review provides an overview of microbial food systems and then delves into the technical interplay among feedstocks, microbes, carbon fixation platforms, bioreactor operations, and downstream processes. The review further explores developing markets for microbial food products, the industrial landscape, economic drivers, and emerging trends in next-generation food products. The analysis suggests a transformative shift in the food industry is underway, yet significant challenges persist, such as securing cost-effective feedstocks, improving downstream processing efficiency, and gaining consumer acceptance. These challenges require innovative solutions and collaborative efforts to ensure the future commercial success of microbial foods - doing so will create myriad opportunities to transform and decarbonize our food system. © 2025 by the author(s).

关键词： Feedstocks

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Laves Phases Emerge in Neat AB-Type Block Copolymer as Hybrid Spherical Phases

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ACS Macro Letters 2025年 721-726页

作者： Zhao, Bin Wang, Chao Li, Weihua Qiang, Yicheng Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Island Green Energy and New Materials Department of Physics Taizhou University Zhejiang Taizhou 318000 China State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization Am Faßberg 17 Göttingen 37077 Germany

Soft spherical domains assembled from block copolymers can pack into Frank-Kasper phases, reminiscent of those found in alloys. As a special subcategory of Frank-Kasper phases, Laves phases are particularly challenging to obtain. So far, the most stable Laves phases have been realized in copolymer blends, where mixing different polymers accommodates the size discrepancy between the two types of spheres. Here, we propose an intramolecular blending strategy to stabilize Laves phases in neat AB-type block copolymer melts. By designing multiblock copolymers with two separate A blocks in different topological environments, we predict stable Laves phases within a substantial parameter window using self-consistent field theory, together with several hybrid phases. We find that Laves phases can be regarded as a hybrid structure to some extent, so they resemble the stabilization mechanism as the usual hybrid structures;that is, the two A-blocks can adapt to two different interface curvatures. Our intramolecular blending strategy provides an effective way for stabilizing novel ordered structures, especially those hybrid structures with bimodal interfacial curvatures, by rationally designing the architecture of block copolymer. © 2025 American Chemical Society.

关键词： Stabilization

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Improving self-healing characteristics of polyurethane composite coatings by surface modification of polyaniline using dodecylamine

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engineering Failure Analysis 2025年 176卷

作者： Ahmad, Shoaib Nawaz, Muddasir Mohammad, Solaiman Al-Qahtani, Noora Kahraman, Ramazan Mansoor, Bilal Shakoor, R.A. Qatar University Doha2713 Qatar Materials Science & Technology Program College of Arts & Sciences Qatar University Doha2713 Qatar Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Qatar University Doha2713 Qatar Department of Chemical Engineering College of Engineering Qatar University Doha2713 Qatar Qatar University Doha2713 Qatar Department of Materials Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College Station United States

Corrosion is one of the most critical problems affecting the structural integrity of metals. Polymeric nanocomposite coatings reinforced with anti-corrosive pigments are currently being used to mitigate corrosion. This study involves the synthesis of polyaniline (PANI) nanoparticles and their modification with dodecylamine (DOC), which functions as a corrosion inhibitor. Polyurethane coatings (PU-PANI@DOC) were developed by incorporating modified nanoparticles (PANI@DOC) into the polyurethane matrix, and blank polyurethane coatings (PU-blank) were prepared without any nanoparticles. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission electron microscopy, and Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) analysis confirmed the successful modification of dodecylamine (DOC) with the surface of polyaniline (PANI) nanoparticles. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and salt spray test (SST) revealed that the impedance values of the modified coating follow an inclined trend (1010 Ω.cm2) in comparison with PU-blank coatings (107 Ω.cm2) after the 14th day of immersion in 3.5 wt% NaCl. Moreover, the hydrophobic characteristics of PANI@DOC nanoparticles shift the contact angle from 60° to 90°, thus lowering the wettability nature of modified coatings. Overall, Polyurethane coatings (PU-PANI@DOC) exhibiting potential attributes such as barrier properties, hydrophobic nature, inhibition effect, and high compatibility with polyurethane matrix can be a suitable material for the development of smart self-healing coatings to protect the metals from the hostile effects of corrosion. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

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Diffractive Imaging of Transient Electronic Coherences in Molecules with Electron Vortices

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Physical Review Letters 2025年第7期134卷 073001-073001页

作者： Haowei Wu Haiwang Yong Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 USA Program in Materials Science and Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 USA

Direct imaging of transient electronic coherences in molecules has been challenging, with the potential to control electron motions and influence reaction outcomes. We propose a novel time-resolved vortex electron diffraction technique to spatially resolve transient electronic coherences in isolated molecules. By analyzing helical dichroism diffraction signals, the contribution of electronic populations cancels out, isolating the purely electronic coherence signals. This allows direct monitoring of the time evolution and decoherence of transient electronic coherences in molecules.

关键词： Molecules

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Zinc-Doping-Induced Electronic States Modulation of Molybdenum Carbide: Expediting Rate-Determining Steps of Sulfur Conversion in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

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Advanced science 2025年第0期 e2417126页

作者： Qin, Bin Li, Yanmei Wang, Qun Zhang, Si Zhang, Jinglin Wang, Bin Wang, Peijia Chen, Yuhan Yao, Weiqi Wang, Fang Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of Ministry of Education & School of Chemistry and Materials Science Shanxi Normal University Taiyuan030001 China Shanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Magnetic Materials and Devices & Research Institute of Materials Science of Shanxi Normal University Taiyuan030001 China Basic Department Shanxi Agricultural University Jinzhong030801 China School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150001 China Department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong Kong 999077 Hong Kong Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States

Enhancing Li2S deposition and oxidation kinetics in lithium-sulfur batteries, especially the potential-limiting step under lean electrolyte, can be effectively achieved by developing conductive catalysts. In this study, by using ZnMoO4 as precursors, Zn-doped molybdenum carbide microflowers (Zn-Mo2C) composed of speared porous sheets are fabricated with a hierarchically ordered structure. Density functional theory calculations indicate that Zn doping shifts the d-band center on Mo atoms in Mo2C upward, promotes the elevation of certain antibonding orbitals in Mo─S bonds above the Fermi level, enhances d-p interaction between lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and catalysts, weakens both S─S and Li─S bonds of LiPSs. Incorporating Zn significantly reduces the Gibbs free energy barrier for the rate-limiting step of the Li2S2 → Li2S conversion, from 0.52 eV for Mo2C to just 0.05 eV for Zn-doped Mo2C. Thus, the synthesized Zn-Mo2C demonstrates impressive bifunctional electrocatalytic performance, significantly advancing sulfur reduction and Li2S decomposition. Moreover, this modification enhances charge transfer within the Zn-Mo2C/LiPSs system, synergistically accelerating the kinetics of Li2S4 to Li2S reduction and Li2S oxidation. The Zn-Mo2C/S cathode demonstrates impressive electrochemical performance, achieves remarkable cycling stability with a minimal capacity decay of 0.021% per cycle over 1000 cycles at 5 C, underscoring its potential for high-energy applications. © 2025 The Author(s). Advanced science published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Gibbs free energy

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Mo-terminated edges in two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide for site-specific hydrolysis and DNA cleavage

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materials Today 2025年 86卷 162-171页

作者： Wang, Cong Wu, Menghan Li, Muqing Zhao, Yingcan Zhao, Mingchuang Zhang, Yunhao Bai, Yichao Gao, Jianxiang Wang, Xiaoxia Tian, Xilin Zhang, Han Chang, Liang Zou, Xiaolong Liu, Bilu Kang, Feiyu Terrones, Mauricio Lei, Yu Institute of Materials Research Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Layered Materials for Value-added Applications Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Thermal Management Engineering and Materials & Center of Double Helix Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen518055 China Institute of Materials Research & Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Layered Materials for Value-added Applications Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen518055 China Environmental Science Program Department of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College Guangdong519087 China Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen518055 China Department of Physics Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Sciences Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials The Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China

The hydrolysis of DNA serves as the foundational principle for gene engineering that enable precise gene cleavage at the molecular level. This process typically occurs in biological nucleases, which exhibit nucleobase-selective and catalytic hydrolysis capabilities rarely replicated in abiotic nanomaterials. Here, we demonstrate that molybdenum-terminated (Mo-terminated) edges of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) possess the unique ability to abstract a proton (H+) from water molecules, thereby facilitating catalytic hydrolysis reactions that cleave the phosphodiester bonds in DNA through the action of hydroxide ions. The enhanced proton absorption at Mo-terminated edges of MoS2 significantly reduces the activation energy required for the DNA hydrolysis reaction. Furthermore, the favorable interaction between the Mo-terminated edges and thymine nucleobases promotes both charge transfer and P-O bond cleavage, enabling targeted DNA hydrolysis at 'TTTTTTT' sequences under dark conditions. This discovery underscores the potential of MoS2 as a stable, efficient nanosystem for precise genetic editing, heralding advanced applications in the field of gene engineering. © 2025 The Author(s)

关键词： Activation energy

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Synthesis of bio-based polyethylene-like materials via ring-opening polymerization of ethylene brassylate in the presence of reduced graphene oxide

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European Polymer Journal 2025年 233卷

作者： Lu, Rongyu You, Meng Ma, Jianxiang Zhang, Xinghua Tu, Yingfeng Yang, Xiaoming State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Materials Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials Department of Polymer Science and Engineering College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou215123 China

Polyethylene (PE) is widely investigated and used due to its excellent mechanical properties, chemical stability, and cost-effectiveness. However, its reliance on fossil resources poses environmental concerns. This study explores the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ethylene brassylate (EB), a 17-membered macrocyclic dilactone derived from castor oil, as a route to polyethylene-like materials. However, the low ring strain of EB typically limits the molecular weight of poly(ethylene brassylate) (PEBs), affecting its mechanical performance. To address this, we developed a Ti(n-C4H9O)4/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) catalytic system, enabling the synthesis of high-molecular-weight PEBs (Mn = 78.0 kg/mol). The resulting PEB-rGO composites exhibit outstanding mechanical properties, with an elongation at break exceeding 1157 ± 23 %, a modulus above 503 ± 18 MPa, and an ultimate tensile strength over 46.2 ± 1.7 MPa-surpassing commercial High-density PE and previously reported PEB-based materials. Additionally, rGO incorporation enhances photothermal properties, enabling laser-assisted self-healing. This study provides an efficient approach to producing high-performance polyethylene-like materials with advanced functionalities. © 2025

关键词： Ring opening polymerization

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Large spin accumulation signals in ultrafast magneto-optical experiments.

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Anadón, Alberto Singh, Harjinder Díaz, Eva Le-Guen, Yann Hohlfeld, Julius Wilson, Richard B. Malinowski, Gregory Hehn, Michel Gorchon, Jon Université de Lorraine CNRS IJL NancyF-54000 France Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California RiversideCA United States

Magneto-optical techniques have become essential tools in spintronics, enabling the investigation of spin dynamics in the ultrafast regime. A key challenge in this field has been to accurately isolate the contributions to magneto-optical signals of spin transport phenomena from the local magnetization dynamics. The contribution of transported and accumulated spins was long believed to be orders of magnitude smaller than that of the magnetization and thus previous approaches to disentangle these signals have relied on specific experimental designs, usually including thick metal layers. Here, we present experimental evidence demonstrating that the magneto-optical signal from ultrafast spin accumulations can, under certain conditions, be comparable to or even exceed that of the magnetic layer in a standard ultrafast demagnetization experiment. Our findings provide a new framework for accessing and isolating these spin accumulations, allowing for time and depth dependent probing of transported spin and/or orbital angular momentum. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Spin dynamics

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Facet engineering of Metal-Organic Frameworks for Triboelectric Nanogenerators-Based Self-Powered Water Splitting

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Advanced materials 2025年第20期37卷 e2415616页

作者： Kuang, Tairong Deng, Linbing Liu, Mingjin Ding, Yutong Guo, Wei Cai, Zhao Liu, Wenxian Huang, Zhao-Xia Lab State Key Laboratory of Advanced Separation Membrane Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou310014 China National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering Ministry of Education Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou510641 China Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry China University of Geoscience Wuhan430074 China

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are highly versatile materials with tunable chemical and structural properties, making them promising for triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) and electrocatalysis. However, achieving precise control over MOF coordination structures to optimize facet-dependent properties remains challenging. Here, a facile and scalable dual-solvent synthesis strategy is presented to fabricate dendrite Co-2-methylimidazole MOF (ZIF-67-D), enabling tailored preferred facet and coordination environments. Using density functional theory (DFT) calculations and synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy, it is demonstrated that ZIF-67-D, enriched with (112) facets, features a reduced Co coordination number and enhanced electron-donating ability compared to the conventionally (011) facet-dominated rhombic dodecahedron ZIF-67 (ZIF-67-R). This facet engineering boosts TENG charge density by 2.4-fold, OER current density by 9.9-fold (@1.65 V), and HER current density by 1.9-fold (@-0.3 V). The (112)/(011) facet ratio can be also tuned to precisely alter TENG output. Moreover, the optimized ZIF-67-D shows excellent stability, maintaining electrolyzer performance for 72 h and enabling TENG devices even in high humidity. Consequently, ZIF-67-D-based TENG (D-TENG) devices exhibit robust energy generation and power ZIF-67-D||ZIF-67-D electrolyzers for continuous hydrogen (H2) production. These findings introduce a new paradigm for converting mechanical energy into sustainable chemical energy, offering insights into facet engineering for high-performance energy harvesting systems. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Electrocatalysis

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