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A novel approach to fabricating SUS 316L steel foam using material extrusion additive manufacturing technology

Journal of materials Research and Technology 2025年 36卷 8219-8229页

作者： Noh-Geon Song So-Yeon Park Jung-Yeul Yun Ju-Yong Kim Kee-Ahn Lee Department of Materials Science and Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea Program in Semiconductor Convergence Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea Metal Powder Department Korea Institute of Materials Science Changwon 51508 Republic of Korea Reprotech Suwon-si 16229 Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea

This study introduces a novel method for manufacturing porous SUS316L using the metal material extrusion (MEX) process and examines the effects of the powder particle size on the pore structure, gas flowability, and mechanical properties. SUS316L foams were fabricated using powders with average sizes of 50 μm and 8 μm. Open pore diameters were approximately 10 μm for the 50 μm foam and 2 μm for the 8 μm foam. Gas flowability measurements revealed that the 50 μm foam exhibited slope values suitable for filtration applications, whereas the 8 μm foam showed lower flowability due to a reduced pore fraction and size. Compressive testing indicated yield strengths of 82.57 MPa and 141.33 MPa for the 50 μm and 8 μm foams, respectively, demonstrating superior strength-to-weight ratios compared to SUS316L foams fabricated by conventional methods and surpassing the mechanical performance of commercial 316L filters manufactured by powder metallurgy process. These findings highlight the capability of MEX in producing porous SUS316L structures with tunable pores and mechanical properties for various applications.

关键词： Material extrusion additive manufacturing 316L stainless steel Foam Compressive property Gas flowability

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Microporous polyimine membranes for efficient separation of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures

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science 2025年第6749期388卷 839-844页

作者： Tae Hoon Lee Marcel Balcik Zain Ali Taigyu Joo Matthew P. Rivera Ingo Pinnau Zachary P. Smith Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA. Department of Future Energy Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Republic of Korea. Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center Chemical Engineering Program Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia. Osmoflo Water Management Pty Ltd. Burton SA Australia.

Interfacial polymerization has been an industrial standard for preparing desalination membranes. Extending the same concept to molecular separation of organic solvents would be a key enabler for the decarbonization of the chemical and petrochemical industries through energy-efficient crude or biocrude oil fractionation. Here, we report a molecular engineering approach based on acid-catalyzed interfacial polymerization for efficient hydrocarbon separation. The design strategies include (i) changing the linkage from amide to imine and (ii) subsequent introduction of shape-persistent units such as triptycene and spirobifluorene. The prepared polyimine membranes exhibit ultrahigh microporosity and enhanced swelling and plasticization resistance compared with conventional polyamide counterparts. These membranes, which feature fast and selective transport of hydrocarbons, including multicomponent and industrially relevant mixtures, outperform commercial and state-of-the-art benchmark membranes.

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Electrocatalysis for sustainable nitrogen management: materials innovation for sensing, removal and upcycling technologies

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science China Chemistry 2025年第6期 2322-2342页

作者： Mei Yi Hongmei Li Minghao Xie Panpan Li Zhaoyu Jin Guihua Yu Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of China College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemistry Sichuan University Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin

The global nitrogen cycle holds immense importance due to its crucial role in supporting life, supplying vital nutrients for plant growth, preserving environmental balance, and enabling the proper functioning of ecosystems. However, human activities frequently disrupt this cycle, leading to the accumulation of nitrates and nitrites in water bodies. This accumulation causes environmental pollution and health risks. Traditional methods for treating nitrogen pollution, including biological, physical, and chemical approaches, have inherent limitations. In recent years, electrocatalysis has emerged as a promising and sustainable approach for nitrogen management. This technology offers superior efficiency, high selectivity, and environmental *** not only enables accurate detection of nitrogen pollutants in the environment but also facilitates their conversion into harmless nitrogen gas. Moreover, recent advancements have focused on the upcycling of nitrogen pollutants into valuable compounds,such as ammonia and urea. In this comprehensive review, we showcase the applications of electrocatalysis in sustainable nitrogen management. Specifically, we highlight its use in the sensing, removal, and upcycling of major nitrogen pollutants,including nitrate（NO3-）, nitrite（NO2-）, and nitric oxide（NO）. We discuss the use of catalysts, such as Pd alloys, Cu-based, and Fe-based materials, in electrochemical sensing and catalysis. Additionally, we explore recent advancements in the conversion of nitrogen pollutants into valuable compounds like ammonia and urea. The review also addresses current challenges and future opportunities in the field, including innovations in sensor and catalyst design, as well as large-scale treatment strategies. We anticipate that these perspectives will provide profound insights for effective nitrogen pollution control and sustainable utilization of nitrogen resources.

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High-Strength D2 tool steel via material extrusion additive manufacturing and post-heat treatment

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materials and Design 2025年 254卷

作者： Jeon, Min-Su Park, So-Yeon Cho, Yong-Hoon Baek, Michelle Kim, Hyoung Seop Lee, Kee-Ahn Department of materials Science and engineering Inha University Incheon22212 Cuba Program in Semiconductor Convergence Inha University Incheon22212 Cuba Markforged Seongnam-si13201 Cuba Department of Materials Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang-si 37673 Cuba

AISI D2 tool steel was fabricated using metal-materials extrusion additive manufacturing (M−MEX), followed by heat treatment to optimize its microstructure and mechanical properties. These were compared with conventional wrought D2 materials. The as-sintered M−MEX D2 showed a pearlite matrix with a higher fraction of low-angle boundaries and developed substructures, in contrast to the fully ferrite matrix of the as-fabricated wrought D2. MEX D2 also retained near-spherical carbides (2–5 μm), evenly distributed as in the starting powder, whereas wrought D2 contained coarse carbides exceeding 5 μm, often reaching tens of μm. After heat treatment, both materials transformed into fully lath martensite with sub-micron carbide precipitation. Heat-treated MEX D2 achieved a tensile strength of ∼ 2.09 GPa and elongation of 1.27 %, representing a 15.5 % increase in strength and 170 % increase in elongation compared to heat-treated wrought D2 (1.81 GPa and 0.47 %). Fractography revealed extensive carbide fracture in wrought D2, whereas MEX D2 exhibited limited carbide cracking, with matrix substructure dominating the fracture surface. These results demonstrate that the M−MEX process, combined with heat treatment, yields finer carbides, reduced carbide cracking, and significantly improved mechanical performance, highlighting its potential as a superior manufacturing route for high-strength D2 tool steel. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Tensile strength

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Resolving Contradictory Estimates of Band Gaps of Bulk PdSe2: A Wannier-Localized Optimally-Tuned Screened Range-Separated Hybrid Density Functional Theory Study

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Florio, Fred Camarasa-Gómez, María Ohad, Guy Naveh, Doron Kronik, Leeor Ramasubramaniam, Ashwin Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst AmherstMA01003 United States Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovoth7610001 Israel Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Bar-Ilan University Ramat Gan52900 Israel Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program University of Massachusetts Amherst AmherstMA01003 United States

Palladium diselenide (PdSe2)—a layered van der Waals material—is attracting significant attention for optoelectronics due to the wide tunability of its band gap from the infrared through the visible range as a function of the number of layers. However, there continues to be disagreement over the precise nature and value of the optical band gap of bulk PdSe2, owing to the rather small value of this gap that complicates experimental measurements and their interpretation. Here, we design and employ a Wannier-localized optimally-tuned screened range-separated hybrid (WOT-SRSH) functional to investigate the electronic bandstructures and optical absorption spectra of bulk and monolayer PdSe2. In particular, we account carefully for the finite exciton center-of-mass momentum within a time-dependent WOT-SRSH framework to calculate the indirect optical gap and absorption onset accurately. Our results agree well with the best available photoconductivity measurements, as well as with state-of-the-art many-body perturbation theory calculations, confirming that bulk PdSe2 has an optical gap in the mid-infrared (upper-bound of 0.44 eV). More generally, this work further bolsters the utility of the WOT-SRSH approach for predictive modeling of layered semiconductors. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Layered semiconductors

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Phase coherence and electron-electron interactions in epitaxial strained SrTiO3 films on Si(001)

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Physical Review B 2025年第15期111卷 155307-155307页

作者： Ryan J. Cottier Barry D. Koehne John T. Miracle Daniel A. Currie Craig H. Swartz Nikoleta Theodoropoulou Department of Physics Texas State University San Marcos Texas 78666 USA Materials Science Engineering and Commercialization Program Texas State University San Marcos Texas 78666 USA

Oxide heterostructures based on SrTiO3 have emerged as a rich platform for exploring physical phenomena, most notably conductivity at interfaces between insulators. In this study, we investigate the electronic properties of an oxide-semiconductor heterostructure—SrTiO3 films grown epitaxially on Si(001). The lattice mismatch induces epitaxial strain, breaking the cubic symmetry of SrTiO3 and resulting in tetragonal distortion. Magnetotransport measurements reveal that the temperature and magnetic field dependence of the conductivity are dominated by two-dimensional quantum effects, weak localization, and electron-electron interactions. The low-temperature electronic properties indicate quantum confinement, strong electron correlations, exchange interactions, and Zeeman spin splitting. These findings underscore the potential of the SrTiO3/Si heterostructure for designing oxide-based quantum devices.

关键词： Lattice mismatch

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Improving energy conversion efficiency of ion-driven artificial muscles based on carbon nanotube yarn

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Journal of Power Sources 2025年 646卷

作者： Hyeon, Jae Sang Wang, Qiong Tawfick, Sameh Lee, JeongA Smith, Kyle C. Zhang, Mengmeng Park, Jong Woo Song, Gyu Hyeon Wang, Zhong Fang, Shaoli Baughman, Ray H. Kim, Seon Jeong Department of Biomedical Engineering and Electronic Engineering Hanyang University Seoul04763 Korea Republic of Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering Grainger College of Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana61801 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Grainger College of Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana61801 United States Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology Grainger College of Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana61801 United States Computational Science and Engineering Program Grainger College of Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana61801 United States Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute University of Texas at Dallas Richardson75080 United States

While artificial muscles provide giant work and power densities compared to natural muscles, their reported energy conversion efficiencies have so far been low. We here demonstrate a tension optimization process (TOP) for fabricating coiled carbon nanotube artificial muscles having record efficiencies. These TOP muscles were made by applying about 20 times higher tensile stress during pre-coiling twist insertion than the tensile stress applied during coiling, resulting in high twist density and high spring index. The TOP muscles driven by the tetrabutylammonium cation provide 6.1 J/g contractile work, which is ∼152 times the maximum capability of human skeletal muscles, and 13.1 % contractile energy efficiency. In addition, the contractile energy efficiency of the TOP muscles driven by the bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anion is maximized to 38.8 % by minimizing side redox reactions. In the case of full-cycle actuation, which considers the whole cycle of contraction and relaxation, we increased the full-cycle energy conversion efficiency of TOP muscles to 6.7 %, which is 4.5 times that previously reported for ion-driven artificial muscles. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Energy conversion efficiency

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Active Organic Salts Enabling Non-Intrusive Electrolyte Presodiation Strategy

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Advanced materials 2025年 e2502251页

作者： Chen, Shu Wu, Guanbin Wang, Pai Zheng, Zilong Wang, Wenwen Gao, Yue State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Research Center of AI for Polymer Science Fudan University Shanghai200438 China

Na-ion batteries show great promise, but their practical utilization is hindered by irreversible Na-ion loss during cell formation, resulting in initial coulombic efficiencies typically below 80%. Conventional presodiation methods, which involve solid additives in the cathode, can compromise electrode integrity and leave deteriorated residues, especially with high Na ion compensation (20%). An electrolyte presodiation approach is introduced that utilizes sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) as an electrolyte additive, discovered through cheminformatics and machine learning. This organic salt decomposes at 3.3–4.0 V, releasing active Na ions and forming a cosolvent without damaging the electrode and the cell, as confirmed by spectroscopic and microscopic analyses. The method improves the initial coulombic efficiency of a hard carbon|P2-Na2/3Ni1/3Mn1/3Ti1/3O2 pouch cell from 80.8% to 95.2%, with a capacity retention of 84.5% over 400 cycles. These findings present a practical and non-intrusive way to address Na-ion deficiency challenges in Na-ion batteries. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Sodium-ion batteries

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An Unprecedented Efficiency with Approaching 21%Enabled by Additive‑Assisted Layer‑by‑Layer Processing in Organic Solar Cells

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第2期17卷 372-375页

作者： Shuai Xu Youdi Zhang Yanna Sun Pei Cheng Zhaoyang Yao Ning Li Long Ye Lijian Zuo Ke Gao Key Laboratory of Advanced Green Functional Materials College of ChemistryChangchun Normal UniversityChangchun 130032People’s Republic of China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong UniversityQingdao 266237People’s Republic of China College of Polymer Science and Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento‑Organic Chemistry Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer MaterialsRenewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center(RECAST)College of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin 300071People’s Republic of China Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640People’s Republic of China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences School of Materials Science and EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin 300350People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and FunctionalizationDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027People’s Republic of China

Recently published in Joule,Feng Liu and colleagues from Shanghai Jiaotong University reported a record-breaking 20.8%power conversion efficiency in organic solar cells(OSCs)with an interpenetrating fibril network active layer morphology,featuring a bulk p-in structure and proper vertical segregation achieved through additive-assisted layer-by-layer *** optimized hierarchical gradient fibrillar morphology and optical management synergistically facilitates exciton diffusion,reduces recombination losses,and enhances light capture *** approach not only offers a solution to achieving high-efficiency devices but also demonstrates the potential for commercial applications of OSCs.

关键词： Organic solar cells Additive-assisted layer-by-layer processing Three-dimensional fibril morphology Bulk p-i-n structure Optical management

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Machine Learning for Identifying Grain Boundaries in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Images of Nanoparticle Superlattices

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Paruchuri, Aanish Thrasher, Carl Hart, A.J. Macfarlane, Robert Jayaraman, Arthi Science in Data Science Program University of Delaware NewarkDE19713 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Delaware 150 Academy St NewarkDE19713 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Delaware NewarkDE19713 United States Data Science Institute University of Delaware NewarkDE19713 United States

Nanoparticle superlattices consisting of ordered arrangements of nanoparticles exhibit unique optical, magnetic, and electronic properties arising from nanoparticle characteristics as well as their collective behaviors. Understanding how processing conditions influence the nanoscale arrangement and microstructure is critical for engineering materials with desired macroscopic properties. Microstructural features such as grain boundaries, lattice defects, and pores significantly affect these properties but are challenging to quantify using traditional manual analyses as they are labor-intensive and prone to errors. In this work, we present a machine learning workflow for automating grain segmentation in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of nanoparticle superlattices. This workflow integrates signal processing techniques, such as Radon transforms, with unsupervised learning methods like agglomerative hierarchical clustering to identify and segment grains without requiring manually annotated data. In the workflow we transform the raw pixel data into explainable numerical representation of superlattice orientations for clustering. Benchmarking results demonstrate the workflow's robustness against noisy images and edge cases, with a processing speed of four images per minute on standard computational hardware. This efficiency makes the workflow scalable to large datasets and makes it a valuable tool for integrating data-driven models into decision-making processes for material design and analysis. For example, one can use this workflow to quantify grain size distributions at varying processing conditions like temperature and pressure and using that knowledge adjust processing conditions to achieve desired superlattice orientations and grain sizes. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Grain boundaries

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