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Piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators: Promising technologies for self-powered implantable biomedical devices

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Nano Energy 2024年 119卷

作者： Khan, Arshad Joshi, Ravindra Sharma, Manish Kumar Ganguly, Anindita Parashar, Parag Wang, Ting-Wei Lee, Sangmin Kao, Fu-Cheng Lin, Zong-Hong Department of Biomedical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei10167 Taiwan International Intercollegiate PhD Program National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Department of Power Mechanical Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Internet of Senses Research Center National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan School of Mechanical Engineering Chung-Ang University Seoul06974 Korea Republic of Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan33305 Taiwan College of Medicine Chang Gung University Taoyuan33302 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei10167 Taiwan

Implantable biomedical devices (IBDs) have garnered wide-scale attention in recent years due to their enormous contribution to the biomedical sector. However, an uninterrupted and reliable power source has consistently been the primary barrier for IBDs, which is greatly alleviated by batteries. The widespread application of battery-powered IBDs is hindered by several limitations, including bulkiness, limited capacity and shelf-life, and expenditure associated with surgery-based battery recharge/replacement. To address these challenges, state-of-the-art self-powering technologies have emerged, including implantable piezoelectric nanogenerators (iPENGs) and implantable triboelectric nanogenerators (iTENGs). These technologies enable IBDs to operate autonomously by harnessing the minute mechanical movements of internal organs, such as heartbeat, respiration, blood circulation, muscle contraction/relaxation, and lung vibration. This review focuses on the recent advancements in iTENGs and iPENGs for the development of self-powered IBDs with a wide range of applications, including energy harvesting from biomechanical and ultrasound sources and energy storage using batteries and capacitors. This study also explores the extensive sensing applications of IBDs in various areas including cardiac, gastrointestinal, bladder, and ligament-strain monitoring. Finally, therapeutic applications of IBDs, such as nerve stimulation, bone stimulation, cartilage therapy, tissue regeneration, muscle stimulation, drug delivery, and diabetes management are discussed. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Nanogenerators

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Thermal Conductivity of Water at Extreme Conditions

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Zhang, Cunzhi Puligheddu, Marcello Zhang, Linfeng Car, Roberto Galli, Giulia Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States Materials Science Division Center for Molecular Engineering Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL60439 United States Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Department of Chemistry Department of Physics Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Department of Chemistry University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States

Measuring the thermal conductivity (κ) of water at extreme conditions is a challenging task and few experimental data are available. We predict κ for temperatures and pressures relevant to the conditions of the Earth mantle, between 1,000 and 2,000 K and up to 22 GPa. We employ close to equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations and a deep neural network potential fitted to density functional theory data. We then interpret our results by computing the equation of state of water on a fine grid of points and using a simple model for κ. We find that the thermal conductivity is weakly dependent on temperature and monotonically increases with pressure with an approximate square-root behavior. In addition we show how the increase of κ at high pressure, relative to ambient conditions, is related to the corresponding increase in the sound velocity. Although the relationships between the thermal conductivity, pressure and sound velocity established here are not rigorous, they are sufficiently accurate to allow for a robust estimate of the thermal conductivity of water in a broad range of temperatures and pressures, where experiments are still difficult to perform. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Thermal conductivity

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Million-Q Free Space Meta-Optical Resonator at Visible Wavelengths

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Fang, Jie Chen, Rui Sharp, David Renzi, Enrico M. Manna, Arnab Kala, Abhinav Mann, Sander A. Yao, Kan Munley, Christopher Rarick, Hannah Tang, Andrew Pumulo, Sinabu Zheng, Yuebing Menon, Vinod M. Alù, Andrea Majumdar, Arka Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Washington SeattleWA98195 United States Department of Physics University of Washington SeattleWA98195 United States Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York New YorkNY10031 United States Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York New YorkNY10016 United States Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Washington SeattleWA98195 United States Department of Physics City College of New York New YorkNY10031 United States

High-quality (Q)-factor optical resonators with extreme temporal coherence are of both technological and fundamental importance in optical metrology1,2, continuous-wave lasing3-5, and semiconductor quantum optics6-8. Despite extensive efforts in designing high-Q resonators across different spectral regimes, the experimental realization of very large Q-factors at visible wavelengths remains challenging due to the small feature size that is sensitive to fabrication imperfections9-12, and thus is typically implemented in integrated photonics1-4,9,10. In the pursuit of free-space optics with the benefits of large space-bandwidth product and massive parallel operations13,14, here we design and fabricate a visible-wavelength etch-free metasurface with minimized fabrication defects and experimentally demonstrate a million-scale ultrahigh-Q resonance. A new laser-scanning momentum-space-resolved spectroscopy technique with extremely high spectral and angular resolution is developed to characterize the record-high Qfactor as well as the dispersion of the million-Q resonance in free space. By integrating monolayer WSe2 into our ultrahigh-Q meta-resonator, we further demonstrate laser-like highly unidirectional and narrow-linewidth exciton emission, albeit without any operating power density threshold. Under continuous-wave laser pumping, we observe pump-power-dependent linewidth narrowing at room temperature, indicating the potential of our meta-optics platform in controlling coherent quantum light-sources. Our result also holds great promise for applications like optical sensing, spectral filtering, and few-photon nonlinear optics. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Continuous wave lasers

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Terahertz characterization of nano-scale high-entropy alloy films and their high-contrast grating applications

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AIP Advances 2024年第3期14卷

作者： Lu, Chia-Yen Sung, Yi-Chen Yeh, Cheng-Hsien Chen, Yu-Hua Kuan, Chen-Yun Hung, Kuang-Teng Chen, Wei-Hsiang Hsu, Wen-Dung Shih, Chuan-Feng Yang, Chan-Shan Institute and Undergraduate Program of Electro-Optical Engineering National Taiwan Normal University Taipei11677 Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan Center National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan Micro/Nano Device Inspection and Research Center National Taiwan Normal University Taipei10610 Taiwan Ministry of Education Taipei106335 Taiwan

We investigated the optical constants of thin films of the Nb25Mo25Ta25W25 alloy, which belongs to high-entropy alloys (HEAs), with a transmission terahertz (THz) measurement system and discovered that the refractive index, extinction coefficient, and conductivity of the HEA thin film measured in the range of 0.3-1.0 THz all increased as the thickness of the thin film increased (the thickness was maintained in the range between 10 and 40 nm). According to the experimental results, this alloy with a high refractive index is suitable for producing high-contrast gratings (HCGs). The principle behind achieving a high contrast with a high-reflection HEA grating is to harness the confined plasmonic energy within the grating, thereby enhancing the localized plasmonic energy within the grating. This work elucidates that we can not only fabricate THz components by controlling the thickness of the thin film but also utilize the high refractive index of this material to create HCGs. © 2024 Author(s).

关键词： Refractive index

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Coercivity Enhancement in Hematite/Permalloy Heterostructures Across the Morin Transition

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Wang, Tianxing Damir Basaran, Ali Cemil Hage, Ralph El Li, Junjie Navarro, Henry Torres, Felipe E. de la Fuente, Oscar Rodríguez Schuller, Ivan K. Department of Physics Center for Advanced Nanoscience University of California San Diego92093 United States Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California–San Diego La Jolla CA92093 United States Department of Physics Universidad de Chile Santiago7800024 Chile Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain

Interfacial effects between antiferromagnetic (AFM) and ferromagnetic (FM) materials have long been a center of magnetism studies. Aside from the exchange bias occurring at the AFM/FM interface, controlling the coercivity is another significant topic in magnetic recordings. The coercivity of FM materials is often determined through varying grain size, alloy composition, density of defects, etc., which is set during material growth and offers limited room for modification after growth. Hematite ( ) is an AFM material that undergoes a temperature-controlled spin-flip transition, the so-called Morin transition. This transition gives an extra degree of freedom making hematite an intriguing component to study the exchange coupling when interfaced with an FM material. In this work, changes in the magnetic properties of soft magnetic permalloy ( or Py) thin films grown on hematite were studied across the Morin transition. Surprisingly, these samples showed a remarkable change in coercivity during the Morin transition. We attribute this effect to the magnetic domain mixture of hematite during the Morin transition. Our findings present a novel method of controlling the coercivity of plain ferromagnetic thin films. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Coercive force

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Characterizations of Second-order Nonlinear Optical Susceptibility for ϵ-phase Gallium Oxide

Characterizations of Second-order Nonlinear Optical Suscepti...

引用

2022 Compound Semiconductor Week, CSW 2022

作者： Zhou, Jingan Zhao, Xuan Xu, Rui Fu, Kai Li, Tao Xu, Mingfei He, Ziyi Robinson, Jacob T. Zhu, Hanyu Zhang, Xiaodong Zhao, Yuji Rice University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering HoustonTX77005 United States Rice University Smalley-Curl Institute Applied Physics Graduate Program HoustonTX77005 United States Rice University Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering HoustonTX77005 United States Arizona State University School of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering TempeAZ85287 United States Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics CAS Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications Suzhou215123 China

ISBN: (数字)9781665453400

ISBN: (纸本)9781665453400

In this work, we report the second-order nonlinear optical susceptibility χ(2) for epsilon phase Gallium Oxide (ϵ-Ga2O3) thin film on sapphire. ϵ-Ga2O3 exhibits hexagonal P63mc space group symmetry, which is a non-centrosymmetric structure with non-zero second order susceptibility. By focusing a pulsed laser beam on to a polished ϵ-Ga2O3 thin film, we collected the generated second harmonic photons with an ultra-sensitive femtowatt photodetector, obtaining effective second-order nonlinear optical susceptibility of χ(2) = 4.89×10-3 pm/V at wavelength of 800 nm. Two different measurement systems collecting reflected and transmitted photons were applied separately to make the result more convincing. The wavelength dependence from 790 nm to 900 nm and polarization dependence from TM mode to TE mode were measured as well. These results will be helpful for the design and fabrication of Ga2O3 based integrated photonics platform in the infrared-visible spectral range. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Gallium compounds

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Low Threshold Plasmonic Lattice Laser Based on CsPbBr3 Quantum Dots with Directional Emission

Low Threshold Plasmonic Lattice Laser Based on CsPbBr3 Quant...

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Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO/Pacific Rim)

作者： Di Xing Cheng-Chieh Lin Ya-Lun Ho Yang-Chun Lee Mu-Hsin Chen Bo-Wei Lin Chun-Wei Chen Jean-Jacques Delaunay School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology (NTU-MST) National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Molecular Science and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP) Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials (AI-MAT) National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan

Metallic nanoparticles array is served as a promising way to realize on-chip lasers. To achieve high-performance lasers, efficient gain media are also critical. Here, we present a pressure-assisted process for CsPbBr3...

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Effects of the unit-cell size and arrangement on the compressive behaviors of lattice structures in powder bed fusion additive manufacturing

Results in Materials

引用

Results in materials 2024年 22卷

作者： Park, Kwang-Min Roh, Young-Sook Lee, Bong-Chun Construction Technology Research Centre Construction Division Korea Conformity Laboratories Seoul 08503 South Korea Architectural Engineering Program Department of Architectural Engineering Seoul National University of Science and Technology Seoul 01811 South Korea Smart Construction Materials Centre Construction Division Korea Conformity Laboratories Chungbuk 28116 South Korea

Lattice structures demonstrate a unique compressive behavior wherein the compressive strength increases and converges to a specific value as the number of unit-cell arrangements and overall dimensions of the lattice structure increase. In this study, the effects of the unit-cell size and cell arrangement on the compressive behavior of lattice structures were investigated to determine the convergence of compression characteristics at specific unit-cell configurations. Simple cubic lattice structures were designed and manufactured using powder bed fusion techniques. The lattice structures were characterized using universal testing machines. Experimental results revealed that the convergence of compressive strength was influenced by the size of the unit cell: the number of arrangements at which a specific compressive strength was reached increased as the unit-cell sizes decreased. Furthermore, specific convergence points were determined for different unit-cell sizes, providing valuable insights into the compressive strength behavior of lattice structures. This study emphasizes the significance of considering both unit-cell arrangements and overall dimensions when designing standard specimens for compression testing. Additionally, the methodology developed in this study can be applied to obtain an optimal configuration for desired strength characteristics. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Additive manufacturing Compressive behavior Lattice structure Powder bed fusion Unit-cell arrangement Unit-cell size

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Corrigendum to “Amorphous boron carbide from ab initio simulations” [Comput. Mater. Sci. 173 (2020) 109397]

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Computational materials science 2023年 216卷

作者： Tevhide Ayça Yıldız Murat Durandurdu Materials Science & Mechanical Engineering Program and Department of Materials Science & Nanotechnology Engineering Abdullah Gül University Kayseri 38080 Turkey

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Assessment and Optimization of a Single Flash Geothermal System Recovered by a Trans-Critical Co2 Cycle Using Different Scenarios

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Lamagna, Mario Aryanfar, Yashar Hoseinzadeh, Siamak Nastasi, Benedetto Garsia, Davide Astiaso Mohtaram, Soheil Sun, Hong Guang State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Recourses and Hydraulic Engineering International Center for Simulation Software in Engineering and Sciences College of Mechanics and Materials Hohai University Jiangsu Nanjing210098 China Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez Mexico Department of Planning Design and Technology of Architecture Sapienza University of Rome Rome00196 Italy Department of Earth Sciences and Forecasting Research Center Prevention and Control of Geological Risks China Department of Earth Sciences and Forecasting Research Center Prevention and Control of Geological Risks China School of Energy and Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai200093 China

Globally, the use of renewable energy, particularly geothermal energy, is rising quickly. Geothermal cycles' low efficiency has repeatedly shown how crucial it is to recover heat lost during these cycles. This study suggests a combined power generation cycle replicating using the EES software environment that combines a single flash cycle with a trans-critical carbon dioxide cycle. The findings demonstrate that, in comparison to the BASIC single flash cycle, the design characteristics of the proposed system are greatly improved. The suggested strategy is then enhanced by employing the genetic algorithm, the Nelder-Mead Simplex method, and the direct algorithm. Separator pressure, steam turbine outlet pressure, and carbon dioxide turbine inlet pressure are three assumed variable parameters, and exergy efficiency is the target parameter. In the default operating mode, the system exergy efficiency is 32.46%, increasing to 39.21% using the genetic algorithm and 36.16% using the Nelder-Mead method and 38.82% using the direct algorithm. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Genetic algorithms

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