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Effects of carbon dioxide concentration and swine wastewater on the cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris FSP-E and bioethanol production from microalgae biomass

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Applied Energy 2024年 369卷

作者： Condor, Billriz E. de Luna, Mark Daniel G. Lacson, Carl Francis Z. Acebu, Paula Isabel G. Abarca, Ralf Ruffel M. Nagarajan, Dillirani Lee, Duu-Jong Chang, Jo-Shu Energy Engineering Program National Graduate School of Engineering University of the Philippines Diliman Quezon City Philippines Quezon City1101 Philippines Department of Chemical Engineering University of the Philippines Diliman Quezon City1101 Philippines Center of Excellence in Environmental Catalysis and Adsorption Thammasat University Pathum Thani12121 Thailand Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology Iligan City9200 Philippines College of Hydrosphere Science Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung City811532 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Tang Hong Kong Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Tunghai University 407 Taiwan Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy Tunghai University Taichung407 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan701 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Yuan Ze University Chung-Li Taiwan

The study investigated the potential of wastewater-derived microalgae as a cost-effective feedstock for bioethanol production. The influence of CO2 loading, use of swine wastewater as a nutrient source, effect of micronutrients in the cultivation media, and scale-up of Chlorella vulgaris FSP-E was conducted. Results showed that 2% CO2, 25% swine wastewater, 500 mg/L sodium nitrate, 40 mg/L K2HPO4, 75 mg/L MgSO4, and 6 mg/L citric acid were optimal for maximal biomass production, nitrate removal, and carbohydrate accumulation in BG-11 medium. The maximum biomass and carbohydrate content obtained in this study were 35-fold and 60%, respectively. Scaling up to 5 L volume was challenging due to illumination, aeration, and mixing issues. The obtained carbohydrate-rich biomass was subjected to mild sulfuric acid hydrolysis and subsequently used for bioethanol fermentation. The hydrolysate was composed solely of glucose and galactose and was converted into bioethanol within 8 h by Saccharomyces cerevisiae with an ethanol yield of 0.22 ± 0.01 g ethanol per g biomass. Further exploration of effective lighting and mixing strategies are recommended to realize economically viable microalgal biofuels. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Biomass

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AnisoGNN: graph neural networks generalizing to anisotropic properties of polycrystals

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Hu, Guangyu Latypov, Marat I. Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Arizona TucsonAZ85721 United States Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Applied Mathematics University of Arizona TucsonAZ85721 United States

We present AnisoGNNs - graph neural networks (GNNs) that generalize predictions of anisotropic properties of polycrystals in arbitrary testing directions without the need in excessive training data. To this end, we develop GNNs with a physics-inspired combination of node attributes and aggregation function. We demonstrate the excellent generalization capabilities of AnisoGNNs in predicting anisotropic elastic and inelastic properties of two alloys. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Anisotropy

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Efficient conversion of low-concentration nitrate sources into ammonia on a Ru-dispersed Cu nanowire electrocatalyst

Efficient conversion of low-concentration nitrate sources in...

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2023 AIChE Annual Meeting

作者： Chen, Feng-Yang Wu, Zhen-Yu Gupta, Srishti Rivera, Daniel J. Lambeets, Sten V. Pecaut, Stephanie Kim, Jung Yoon Timothy Zhu, Peng Finfrock, Y. Zou Meira, Debora Motta King, Graham Gao, Guanhui Xu, Wenqian Cullen, David A. Zhou, Hua Han, Yimo Perea, Daniel E. Muhich, Christopher L. Wang, Haotian Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Rice University HoustonTX United States School for Engineering of Matter Transport & Energy Chemical Engineering Program Arizona State University TempeAZ United States Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory RichlandWA United States Structural Biology Center X-ray Science Division Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL United States Canadian Light Source SaskatoonSK Canada Electron Microscope Center Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX United States Advanced Photon Source Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL United States Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN United States Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX United States Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory RichlandWA United States School for Engineering of Matter Transport & Energy Materials Science & Engineering Program Arizona State University TempeAZ United States Department of Chemistry Rice University HoustonTX United States

Electrochemically converting nitrate ions, a widely distributed nitrogen source in industrial wastewater and polluted groundwater, into ammonia represents a sustainable route for both wastewater treatment and ammonia generation. However, it is currently hindered by low catalytic activities, especially under low nitrate concentrations. Here we report a high-performance Ru-dispersed Cu nanowire catalyst that delivers an industrial-relevant nitrate reduction current of 1 A cm-2 while maintaining a high NH3 Faradaic efficiency of 93%. More importantly, this high nitrate-reduction catalytic activity enables over a 99% nitrate conversion into ammonia, from an industrial wastewater level of 2, 000 ppm to a drinkable water level 4Cl and liquid NH3 solution products, which suggests a practical approach to convert wastewater nitrate into valuable ammonia products. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the highly dispersed Ru atoms provide active nitrate reduction sites and the surrounding Cu sites can suppress the main side reaction, the hydrogen evolution reaction. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2022.

关键词： Ammonia

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Hydrogen production by steam reforming of fusel oil over Ni-based fiber catalyst

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materials Today: Proceedings 2022年 57卷 1147-1153页

作者： Le-Mai, T.H. Mhadmhan, S. Trieu, T.Q. Prasongthum, N. Suriya, P. Reubroycharoen, P. Department of Chemical Technology Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok10330 Thailand Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology Chulalongkorn University Research Building Bangkok10330 Thailand Program of Petrochemistry Faculty of Chemical Engineering Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City 70000 Viet Nam Pathum Thani12120 Thailand

This research aimed to evaluate the fusel oil steam reforming over Ni/carbon nanotubes-silica fiber (Ni/CNTs-SF) catalysts prepared by impregnation method with 10 wt% of Ni loading. CNTs-SF was synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using ethanol as a source for CNTs over steam reforming. The prepared catalysts were analyzed by BET, XRD, TEM, FESEM-EDS, Raman, and TG/DTG. Ni/CNTs-SF catalyst was tested for fusel oil steam reforming and compared with Ni supported on conventional silica such as a silica fiber (SF) and a silica porous (SP) at the same loading. The results found that Ni/CNTs-SF catalyst showed better catalytic activity and stability than Ni/SF and Ni/SP. TGA profile of the catalysts after fusel oil steam reforming showed that the severe carbon deposited over Ni/SP at 64% (wt%), while at 31% was found over Ni/CNTs-SF catalyst and Ni/SF catalyst. In addition, Ni/CNTs-SF catalyst exhibited the highest hydrogen yield at 15%, and Ni/SF and Ni/SP catalysts gave a lower yield of hydrogen at 11% and 7%, respectively. © 2021

关键词： Carbon nanotubes

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Carrier confinement and alloy disorder exacerbate Auger-Meitner recombination in AlGaN ultraviolet light-emitting diodes

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Pant, Nick Bushick, Kyle McAllister, Andrew Lee, Woncheol Van de Walle, Chris G. Kioupakis, Emmanouil Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Materials Science & Engineering University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Materials Department University of California Santa BarbaraCA93106 United States

The quantum efficiency of AlGaN ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (LEDs) declines (droops) at increasing operating powers due to Auger-Meitner recombination (AMR). Using first-principles density-functional theory, we show that indirect AMR mediated by electron-phonon coupling and alloy disorder can induce bulk C coefficients as large as ∼10-31 cm6/s. Furthermore, we find that the confinement of carriers by polarization fields within quantum wells severely relaxes crystal-momentum conservation, which exacerbates the rate of AMR over radiative recombination by an order of magnitude relative to the bulk. This results in a striking decrease in quantum efficiency at high power. Suppressing polarization fields and jointly increasing the well width would greatly mitigate AMR and efficiency droop. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Aluminum gallium nitride

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Local step-flow dynamics in thin film growth with desorption

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Physical Review materials 2024年第3期8卷 033403-033403页

作者： Xiaozhi Zhang Jeffrey G. Ulbrandt Peco Myint Andrei Fluerasu Lutz Wiegart Yugang Zhang Christie Nelson Karl F. Ludwig Randall L. Headrick Department of Physics and Materials Science Program University of Vermont Burlington Vermont 05405 USA Division of Materials Science and Engineering Boston University Boston Massachusetts 02215 USA X-ray Science Division Argonne National Laboratory Lemont Illinois 60439 USA National Synchrotron Light Source II Brookhaven National Lab Upton New York 11973 USA Department of Physics Boston University Boston Massachusetts 02215 USA

Desorption of deposited species plays a role in determining the evolution of surface morphology during crystal growth when the desorption time constant is short compared with the time to diffuse to a defect site, step edge, or kink. However, experiments to directly test the predictions of these effects are lacking. Novel techniques such as in situ coherent x-ray scattering can provide significant new information. Herein we present x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) measurements during diindenoperylene (DIP) vapor deposition on thermally oxidized silicon surfaces. DIP forms a nearly complete two-dimensional first layer over the range of temperatures studied (40–120∘C), followed by mounded growth during subsequent deposition. Local step flow within mounds was observed, and we find that there was a terrace-length-dependent behavior of the step edge dynamics. This led to unstable growth with rapid roughening (β>0.5) and deviation from a symmetric error-function-like height profile. At high temperatures, the grooves between the mounds tend to close up leading to nearly flat polycrystalline films. Numerical analysis based on a (1+1)-dimensional model suggests that terrace-length dependent desorption of deposited ad-molecules is an essential cause of the step dynamics, and it influences the morphology evolution.

关键词： Growth Surface diffusion Surface instabilities Atomic force microscopy Surface scattering X-ray techniques

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Tailoring Chloride Solid Electrolytes for Reversible Redox

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Journal of the American Chemical Society 2025年第23期147卷 2025 May 28页

作者： Phillip Ridley George Duong Sarah L Ko Jin An Sam Oh Grayson Deysher Kent J Griffith Ying Shirley Meng Department of Nano Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 United States. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California San Diego California 92093 United States. Program of Materials Science and Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 United States. Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering The University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60637 United States.

Solid-state electrolytes enable next-generation batteries that can theoretically deliver higher energy densities while improving device safety. However, when fabricating cathodes for all-solid-state batteries, solid-state electrolytes must be combined with the active materials in high weight fractions in order to achieve sufficient ionic percolation within the cathode composite. This requirement drastically hinders the practicality of solid-state batteries as the solid-state electrolyte is conventionally designed to be electrochemically inactive and is effectively electrochemical "dead weight", lowering both the gravimetric and volumetric energy density of the cell. In this work, a well-known solid-state electrolyte, NaZrCl, is modified by aliovalent substitution of inactive Zr cations with redox-active ( = Nb or Ta) cations to create a series of NaZrCl solid solutions that possess both high ionic conductivities and active sites for Na storage. The Na intercalation mechanisms of these solid-solution materials, in addition to those of the NaCl end-member materials, are elucidated in this work. It was discovered that both the niobium- and tantalum-containing chlorides exhibit rather high electrochemical potentials (2.2-2.8 V vs NaSn), making them ideal catholytes to pair with commonly used oxide cathode materials like NaCrO. This synergistic pairing leads to a cathode composite with an 83-102% increase in energy density and 39-81% improvement in areal discharge capacity compared to a redox-innocent solid electrolyte. This approach highlights the benefits of designing and employing redox-active solid-state electrolytes that can reversibly intercalate charge-carrying cations, opening up a broad new avenue for solid-state electrolyte discovery and solid-state battery design.

关键词： Redox reactions

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Symmetric and isotropic micro/nanorotors driven by a plane-polarized gaussian laser beam 18

Symmetric and isotropic micro/nanorotors driven by a plane-p...

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Optical Trapping and Optical Micromanipulation XVIII 2021

作者： Ding, Hongru Kollipara, Pavana Siddhartha Kotnala, Abhay Chen, Zhihan Zheng, Yuebing Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States

ISBN: (数字)9781510644359

ISBN: (纸本)9781510644342

The flourishing field of light-powered micro/nanorotors provides promising strategies for manufacturing and biomedical needs. However, the torque of optical rotors typically arises from the momentum exchange with photons, which limits the geometries and materials of objects that can be rotated and requires intense laser beams with designed intensity profile and polarization. These factors inhibit the light-powered rotation of highly symmetric or isotropic targets. Herein, we developed an optothermal micro/nanorotors platform that enables the rotation of various colloids with diverse sizes, materials, and various shapes, including live cells and micro/nanoparticles with high symmetry and isotropy. The long-sought-after out-of-plane rotation has been achieved by a single plane-polarized Gaussian laser beam with an ultralow power. This simple rotor approach is foreseen to open new horizons in colloidal and life sciences by offering a non-invasive and universal manipulation. © COPYRIGHT SPIE. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

关键词： Rotation

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Evaluation of Single and Duplex Plasma Treatment Applied to Aisi 409 Stainless Steel

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： do Monte e Silva, André Felipe Soares de Almeida, Larissa Solano Monteiro, Leandro Rossino, Luciana Sgarbi Nunes, Maelson Sousa Libório, Maxwell Santana de Carvalho Costa, Thércio Henrique Bandeira, Rafael Marinho de Sousa, Rômulo Ribeiro Magalhães Post-Graduate Materials Science and Engineering Program Federal University of Piauí PI Teresina Brazil Post-Graduate Program in Materials Science Federal University of São Carlos São Carlos Brazil Post-Graduate Program in Chemistry Federal University of Piauí PI Teresina Brazil School of Science and Technology Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte RN Natal Brazil Brazil Department of Mechanical Engineering Federal University of Piauí PI Teresina Brazil Brazil

The industrial landscape has witnessed a growing demand for components exhibiting superior performance and extended lifespan, especially in parts made of stainless steels like AISI 409 steel, widely used in automotive exhaust systems, heat exchangers, and lightweight structural components. This study investigates the enhancement of surface properties of AISI 409 stainless steel through cathodic cage plasma nitriding (CCPN) and cathodic cage plasma deposition (CCPD) processes, focusing on the novel implementation of duplex treatments. The research aims to improve the mechanical strength, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance of the steel by forming nitrides and vanadium nitride films on its surface. The duplex treatments, specifically N400D450 and N450D450, were found to significantly enhance the hardness of AISI 409 stainless steel, with the N450D450 sample achieving a maximum hardness of 1100 HV—a 461.22% increase compared to the untreated steel. This enhancement is attributed to the formation of a thick, uniform nitrided layer followed by a vanadium nitride film. The critical role of processing order was highlighted, with the sequence of nitriding followed by deposition proving more effective than the reverse. Corrosion resistance was markedly improved in the duplex-treated samples. The N450D450 sample exhibited an Ecorr of -198 mV and reduced jcorr values, indicating superior resistance to corrosive environments. These results underscore the synergistic effect of combining nitriding and vanadium deposition, which optimizes the formation of protective surface layers. Overall, this study demonstrates that duplex treatments significantly enhance the surface properties of AISI 409 stainless steel, offering the potential for extended component lifespan and reduced maintenance in industrial applications. The findings suggest that careful control of process parameters and treatment sequence is essential for achieving optimal results. © 2024, The Authors. All rights

关键词： Tribology

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The Effects of Calcium Carbonate on Sodium Metasilicate-Activated Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Pastes

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Ren, Jie Cansu, B. Acarturk Dowdy, Nicolas D. Srubar, Wil V. Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering University of Colorado Boulder 1111 Engineering Drive ECOT 441 UCB 428 BoulderCO80309 United States Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado Boulder 4001 Discovery Drive BoulderCO80303 United States

The influence of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) on the alkali-activation kinetics, microstructure, and compressive strength of alkali-activated metakaolin (MK) geopolymer was investigated. Experimental results showed that replacing 10-50% of MK with CaCO3 particles delayed the acceleration stage of alkali-activation regardless of replacement amount. However, 10% CaCO3 increased the overall degree of reaction and yielded pastes with similar 14- and 28-day compressive strengths compared to the control without CaCO3 addition. In comparison, 50% CaCO3 replacement led to a lower overall degree of reaction and compressive strengths through 28 days of curing. Experimental evidence substantiates that N-A-S-H gel forms in samples containing 0% and 10% CaCO3, while N-(C)-A-S-H gel and/or C-(N)-A-S-H are also present in the binding matrix near CaCO3 particles in samples with higher CaCO3 contents. While CaCO3 particles were primarily composed of calcite, vaterite was also evident given higher CaCO3 contents, suggesting that the CaCO3 particles were reactive during the alkali-activation. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Calcium carbonate

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