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Ultrafast measurements of the interfacial spin Seebeck effect in Au and rare-earth iron-garnet bilayers

Physical Review materials 2021年第7期5卷 074401-074401页

作者： Víctor H. Ortiz Michael J. Gomez Yawen Liu Mohammed Aldosary Jing Shi Richard B. Wilson Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California Riverside California 92521 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Program University of California Riverside California 92521 USA

We investigate picosecond spin currents across Au/iron-garnet interfaces in response to ultrafast laser heating of the electrons in the Au film. In the picoseconds after optical heating, interfacial spin currents occur due to an interfacial temperature difference between electrons in the metal and magnons in the insulator. We report measurements of this interfacial longitudinal spin Seebeck effect between Au and rare-earth iron-garnet insulators, i.e., RE3Fe5O12, where RE is Y, Eu, Tb, Tm. By systematically varying the rare-earth element, we modify the total magnetic moment of the iron garnet. We use time-domain thermoreflectance measurements to characterize the thermal response of the bilayer to ultrafast optical heating. We use time-resolved magneto-optic Kerr effect measurements of the Au layer to measure the time evolution of spin accumulation in the Au film. Replacing Y with other rare earths enhances the electron-magnon conductance Ge−m at the Au iron-garnet interface by as much as a factor of 3. The electron-magnon conductance does not follow the trend of either the total magnetization of the iron garnet or the magnetic moment of the rare earth.

关键词： Magneto-optical Kerr effect Magnons Spin Seebeck effect Spin polarization Ultrafast magnetic effects

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The effect of the addition of alumina on the viscosity, surface tension, and foaming efficiency of 2.5(CaO/SiO2)-xAl2O3-yFeO-MgO melts

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Ceramics International 2023年第13期49卷 21994-22003页

作者： Chang, Yu-En Lin, Chi-Ming Shen, Jyun-Ming Luo, Shao-Feng Yu, Kai-Wen Wu, Weite Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Chung Hsing University 145 Xingda Rd South Dist Taichung City40227 Taiwan WEI CHIH STEEL INDUSTRIAL CO. LTD No.123 Nanbu Guantian Dist. Tainan City720006 Taiwan Academy of Circular Economy Industrial and Intelligent Technology Program National Chung Hsing University No. 15 Guangming Rd. Nantou County 540 Taiwan

Viscosity and surface tension strongly influence the efficiency of slag foam in metallurgical processes. An excellent foaming slag preserves heat and lowers the cost of smelting in an electric furnace. In this study, we investigated the viscosity, surface tension, and foaming efficiency of a 2.5CaO/SiO2-xAl2O3-yFeO-MgO slag. We also investigated the different valence oxygen ions by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that with a gradual increase in the content of Al2O3, the viscosity initially increased and then decreased, and the changes in surface tension followed a similar pattern. The change in viscosity was caused by the increase in the degree of polymerization of the slag, which was determined by the competitive relationship between polymerization and the reduction in the stability of the overall network structure. Adding a small amount of Al2O3 to the slag slightly increased the number of Al–O–Al structures, whereas adding a large amount of the Al2O3 led to the formation of low-strength Al–O–Si structures, which reduced the stability of the network structure, thus reducing the viscosity. Because the surface tension is related to the concentration of non-bridging oxygens (NBOs), when the NBO content increased, the instability of the surface structure caused an increase in energy, thus increasing the surface tension. In addition, the CaO–SiO2–5MgO-xAl2O3-yFeO five-element oxide in this study had the lowest surface tension at the same NBO concentration, which positively contributed to slag foaming. Finally, When the Al2O3 content in the system increased from 5.1 to 15.7 wt%, the foaming efficiency increased from 24.2 to 69.2 (minute‧centimeters), an increase of 286%. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.

关键词： Silica

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Measurement of Water Diffusion Coefficient in Cross-Linked Gelatins Using the Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy Technique

Measurement of Water Diffusion Coefficient in Cross-Linked G...

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2024 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2024

作者： Walden, D. Chakraborty, D. Cheng, J. Straksys, A. Stirke, A. Melo, W.C.M.A. Jukna, A. Komissarov, I. Sobolewski, Roman Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Rochester RochesterNY14627 United States Laboratory for Laser Energetics University of Rochester RochesterNY14623-1299 United States Materials Science Graduate Program University of Rochester RochesterNY14627 United States State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences & Technology Vilnius Lithuania Department of Physics Vilnius Gediminas Technical University Vilnius Lithuania Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Rochester RochesterNY14627 United States

A novel method has been developed to evaluate the water diffusion dynamics in gelatin-based gels, based on transient terahertz time-domain spectroscopy measurements. Such gels are widely used models for human skin. &#... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171395

关键词： Transient analysis

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Layer-dependent optically induced spin polarization in InSe

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Physical Review B 2023年第11期107卷 115304-115304页

作者： Jovan Nelson Teodor K. Stanev Dmitry Lebedev Trevor LaMountain J. Tyler Gish Hongfei Zeng Hyeondeok Shin Olle Heinonen Kenji Watanabe Takashi Taniguchi Mark C. Hersam Nathaniel P. Stern Applied Physics Program Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Department of Material Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Computational Science Division Argonne National Laboratory Lemont Illinois 60439 USA Material Science Division Argonne National Laboratory Lemont Illinois 60439 USA Research Center for Functional Materials National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba 305-0044 Japan International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba 305-0044 Japan Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA

Optical control of spin in semiconductors has been pioneered using nanostructures of III-V and II-VI semiconductors, but the emergence of two-dimensional van der Waals materials offers an alternative low-dimensional platform for spintronic phenomena. Indium selenide (InSe), a group-III monochalcogenide van der Waals material, has shown promise for optoelectronics due to its high electron mobility, tunable direct band gap, and quantum transport. In addition to these confirmed properties, there are predictions of spin-dependent optical selection rules, suggesting the potential for all-optical excitation and control of spin in a two-dimensional layered material. Despite these predictions, layer-dependent optical spin phenomena in InSe have yet to be explored. Here, we present measurements of layer-dependent optical spin dynamics in few-layer and bulk InSe. Polarized photoluminescence reveals layer-dependent optical orientation of spin, thereby demonstrating the optical selection rules in few-layer InSe. Spin dynamics are also studied in many-layer InSe using time-resolved Kerr rotation spectroscopy. By applying out-of-plane and in-plane static magnetic fields for polarized emission measurements and Kerr measurements, respectively, the g factor for InSe was extracted. Further investigations are done by calculating precession values using a k·p model, which is supported by ab initio density functional theory. Comparison of predicted precession rates with experimental measurements highlights the importance of excitonic effects in InSe for understanding spin dynamics. Optical orientation of spin is an important prerequisite for optospintronic phenomena and devices, and these first demonstrations of layer-dependent optical excitation of spins in InSe lay the foundation for combining layer-dependent spin properties with advantageous electronic properties found in this material.

关键词： Magneto-optics Spin dynamics Chalcogenides Layered semiconductors Van der Waals systems Density functional theory Kerr effect Photoluminescence k dot p method

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Measurement of Water Diffusion Coefficient in Cross-Linked Gelatins Using the Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy Technique

Measurement of Water Diffusion Coefficient in Cross-Linked G...

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CLEO: Applications and Technology in CLEO 2024, CLEO: A and T 2024 - Part of Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

关键词： Terahertz spectroscopy

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Field-induced spin polarization in the lightly Cr-substituted layered antiferromagnet NiPS3

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Physical Review B 2024年第18期109卷 184405-184405页

作者： Rabindra Basnet Dinesh Upreti Taksh Patel Santosh Karki Chhetri Gokul Acharya Md Rafique Un Nabi M. M. Sharma Josh Sakon Mansour Mortazavi Jin Hu Department of Chemistry and Physics University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff Pine Bluff Arkansas 71603 USA Department of Physics University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas 72701 USA Fayetteville High School Fayetteville Arkansas 72701 USA MonArk NSF Quantum Foundry University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas 72701 USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas 72701 USA Materials Science and Engineering Program Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas 72701 USA

Tuning magnetic properties in layered magnets is an important route to realize novel phenomenon related to two-dimensional (2D) magnetism. Recently, tuning antiferromagnetic (AFM) properties through substitution and intercalation techniques has been widely studied in MPX3 compounds. Interesting phenomena, such as diverse AFM structures and even the signatures of ferrimagnetism, have been reported. However, long-range ferromagnetic (FM) ordering has remained elusive. In this work, we explored the magnetic properties of the Cr-substituted NiPS3. We found that Cr substitution is extremely efficient in controlling spin orientation in NiPS3. Our study reveals a field-induced spin polarization in lightly (9%) Cr-substituted NiPS3, which is likely attributed to the attenuation of AFM interactions and magnetic anisotropy due to Cr doping. Our work provides a possible strategy to achieve FM phase in AFM MPX3, which could be useful for investigating 2D magnetism as well as potential device applications.

关键词： Antiferromagnetism Magnetic anisotropy Magnetic order Magnetic phase transitions 2-dimensional systems Antiferromagnets Van der Waals systems Ion implantation Magnetization measurements

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A Hybrid System Combining Direct Contact Membrane Distillation (Dcmd) and Electrochemical Switched Ion Exchange (Esix) for Efficient Lithium Recovery from Simulated Brine

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Gulied, Mona Zavahir, Sifani Elmakki, Tasneem Park, Hyunwoong Shon, Hokyong Han, Dong Suk Center for Advanced Materials Qatar University Doha Qatar Materials Science and Technology Program College of Arts and Science Qatar University Doha Qatar School of Energy Engineering Kyungpook National University Daegu41566 Korea Republic of ARC Research Hub for Nutrients in a Circular Economy Center for Technology in Water and Wastewater School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering and IT University of Technology SydneyNSW2007 Australia Department of Chemical Engineering College of Engineering Qatar University Doha Qatar

Recovering valuable elements such as lithium (Li) from seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) brine is crucial for building a sustainable economy due to its high storage density, making it an ideal material for energy storage. In this study, a novel hybrid system that combines direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) and electrochemical switched ion exchange (ESIX) was designed to achieve simultaneous SWRO brine enrichment and Li recovery. The DCMD process concentrated the SWRO brine using electrospun nanofiber membranes (ENMs) made of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), with the incorporation of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanoparticles enhancing the morphological, thermal, and mechanical stability of the PVDF ENMs. The water contact angle (WCA) of the 1-rGO/PVDF ENM was 142.08°, indicating an improved hydrophobic property that resulted in the recovery of 12% freshwater from simulated SWRO brine and a 2.4-fold increase in Li+ concentration. The 1-rGO/PVDF ENM exhibited stable performance, with an 11% reduction in WCA after 15 hours of brine concentration. In the hybrid operation, a Li-selective LiAlO2 electrode, coupled with an activated carbon counter electrode, demonstrated remarkable Li recovery for Li capture solutions enriched by the rGO-PVDF membrane in the DCMD step. Compared to the Li concentration in the DCMD feed, sequential Li capture and release cycles recovered 91.8% of Li, highlighting the critical role of the hybrid mode operation in concentrating Li from simulated brine solutions. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hybrid systems

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Correction to: Parameterization of Biot–Willis Effective‑Stress Coefficient for Deformation and Alteration of Porous Rocks

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Transport in Porous Media 2021年第2期140卷 621-622页

作者： Civan, Faruk Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science Petroleum Engineering Program University of Southern California Los Angeles USA

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Revisiting the Assessment of Magnetic Texture of Magnets: The Role of Coercivity

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Quispe, Luis T. Antunes, Leonardo F. Baldárrago-Alcántara, Apuniano A. Macedo, Wagner C. Rosa, Marcelo Augusto Rebelo, Querem H.F. Lopes, Leonardo U. Souza, Sérgio Michielon Wendhausen, Paulo Antônio Pereira Magnetic Materials Laboratory MAGMA Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianopolis88040-900 Brazil Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering PGMAT Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianopolis88040-900 Brazil Institute of Engineering and Geosciences Federal University of Western Pará Pará Santarém68035-110 Brazil Department of Materials Physics Federal University of Manaus Manaus69077-000 Brazil

A crucial figure of merit of magnets is their magnetic texture, because it is closely related to the maximum remanence a magnet can achieve, hence assessing the magnetic texture is pivotal in terms of magnet’s performance. Fernengel et al. (1996) developed a methodology based on magnetometry, which allows for a quick determination of the texture by calculating the degree of alignment 〈cosθ〉 from the remanent magnetization in directions parallel and perpendicular to the texture axis of the magnet. Although this method provided reliable values, its application was limited to magnets with high degrees of alignment (〈cosθ〉 > 95%), a restriction that was corrected by Quispe et al. (2020). Nevertheless, recent experiments have indicated that the magnetometry technique can introduce errors in texture assessment when the magnet presents high levels of coercivity. This work presents an approach that incorporates a correction factor into the magnetometry technique, accounting for the effect of the coercivity and circumventing this error source in texture assessment. The proposed methodology has been successfully applied to magnets with varying levels of coercivity. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Coercive force

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Waste-to-Resource: Employing Lime Mud as a Foaming Agent in Glass Foam Manufacturing

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Boonphayak, Piyanan Khansumled, Sirikarn Thavornyutikarn, Boonlom Yatongchai, Chokchai Department of Industrial Engineering Faculty of Engineering Naresuan University Phitsanulok65000 Thailand National Metal and Materials Technology Center National Science and Technology Development Agency Pathumthani12120 Thailand Program of Materials Innovation Faculty of Science Maejo University Chiang Mai50290 Thailand Composite Materials and 3D Prototyping Research Unit The Office of Agricultural Research Extension Maejo University Maejo University Chiang Mai50290 Thailand

This study investigates the use of lime mud as an eco-friendly foaming additive in the production of glass foam. Glass foams were prepared through a simple sintering method, utilizing glass cullet collected from households and incorporating different lime mud contents (0.5-2.0wt%). The effects of lime mud concentration on the density, porosity, and pore size distribution of the glass foams were examined. Additionally, the thermal conductivity, compressive strength, and Weibull modulus were investigated in relation to the average porosity. The results revealed that the pore size distribution was dependent on the amount of lime mud, exhibiting three distinct distributions: positively skewed, non-symmetric bimodal, and symmetric bimodal. The compressive strength of the prepared glass foams ranged from 5.53 to 12.73 MPa, while the bulk density and porosity fell within the ranges of 0.41-0.70 and 72.12-85.38%, respectively. The thermal conductivity could be as low as 0.07 W/m⋅K, approaching the upper limit for commercial glass foams used in thermal energy storage systems and meeting the requirements for Type I cellular glass thermal insulation classified by ASTM C552-16. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Thermal insulation

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