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Unassisted photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction by employing Ⅲ–Ⅴ photoelectrode with 15% solar-to-fuel efficiency

Carbon Energy 2025年第03期 6-15页

作者： Karthik Peramaiah Purushothaman Varadhan Vinoth Ramalingam Bilawal Khan Pradip Kumar Das Hao Huang Hui-Chun Fu Xiulin Yang Vincent Tung Kuo-Wei Huang Jr-Hau He Chemistry Program Center for Renewable Energy and Storage Technologies (CREST) and Division of Physical Science and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals Energy and Environment (ISCE2) Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) School of Computing Engineering and Technology Robert Gordon University Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong Kong Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Guangxi Normal University Department of Chemical System and Engineering University of Tokyo

Solar-driven carbon dioxide reduction reaction（CO2RR） provides an opportunity to produce value-added chemical feedstocks and ***,achieving efficient and stable photoelectrochemical（PEC） CO2RR into selective products is challenging owing to the difficulties associated with the optical and the electrical configuration of PEC devices and electrocatalyst ***,we construct an efficient,concentrated sunlight-driven CO2RR setup consisting of InGaP/GaAs/Ge triple-junction cell as a photoanode and oxide-derived Au（Ox-Au） as a cathode to perform the unassisted PEC *** one-sun illumination,a maximum operating current density of11.5 mA cm-2with an impressive Faradaic efficiency（FE） of ～98% is achieved for carbon monoxide（CO） production,leading to a solar-to-fuel conversion efficiency of ～15%.Under concentrated intensity of 10 sun,the photoanode records a maximum current density of ～124mA cm-2and maintains ～60% of FE for CO *** results demonstrate crucial advancements in usingⅢ-Ⅴ based photoanodes for concentrated PEC CO2RR.

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Stable Cycling of Sodium All-Solid-State Batteries with High-Capacity Cathode Presodiation

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Advanced Energy materials 2025年第0期

作者： Tang, Wei Xu, Dapeng Wu, Junlin Lee, Dong Ju Fuqua, Alexander Li, Feng Jeon, Yuju Bian, Wenjuan Chen, Zheng Aiiso Yufeng Li Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA92093 United States Program of Materials Science and Engineering University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA92093 United States Energy and Environment Science and Technology Idaho National Laboratory Idaho FallsID83415 United States Sustainable Power and Energy Center University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA92093 United States

Sodium all-solid-state batteries (NaSSBs) with an alloy-type anode (e.g., Sn and Sb) offer superior capacity and energy density compared to hard carbon anode. However, the irreversible loss of Na+ at the alloy anode during the initial cycle results in diminished capacity and stability, impairing full-cell performance. This study presents an easy-to-implement cathode presodiation strategy by employing a Na-rich material to address these challenges. Leveraging the high theoretical capacity and suitable voltage window, Na2S is chosen as the Na donor, which is activated by creating a mixed electron-ion conducting network, delivering a high capacity of 511.7 mAh g−1. By adding a small amount (i.e., 3 wt.%) of Na2S to the cathode composite, a NaCrO2 || Sn full cell demonstrated capacity improvement from 90.8 to 118.2 mAh g−1 (based on cathode mass). The capacity-balanced full cell can thus cycle to more than 300 times with >90% capacity retention. This work provides a practical solution to enhance the full-cell performance and advance the transformation from half-cell to full-cell applications of NaSSBs. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Solid-State Batteries

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engineering stacking-induced topological phase transitions in bilayer heterostructures

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Bordoloi, Arjyama Kaplan, Daniel Singh, Sobhit Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Rochester RochesterNY14627 United States Center for Materials Theory Department of Physics and Astronomy Rutgers University PiscatawayNJ08854-8019 United States Materials Science Program University of Rochester RochesterNY14627 United States Center for Coherence and Quantum Optics University of Rochester RochesterNY14627 United States

Nonmagnetic topological insulators (TIs) are known for their robust metallic surface/edge states that are protected by time-reversal symmetry, making them promising candidates for next-generation spintronic and nanoelectronic devices. Traditional approaches to realizing TIs have focused on inducing band inversion via strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC), yet many materials with substantial SOC often remain topologically trivial. In this work, we present a materials-design strategy for engineering topologically non-trivial phases, e.g., quantum spin Hall phases, by vertically stacking topologically trivial Rashba monolayers in an inverted fashion. Using BiSb as a prototype system, we demonstrate that while the BiSb monolayer is topologically trivial (despite having significant SOC), an inverted BiSb-SbBi bilayer configuration realizes a non-trivial topological phase with enhanced spin Hall conductivity. We further reveal a delicate interplay between the SOC strength and the interlayer electron tunneling that governs the emergence of a nontrivial topological phase in the bilayer heterostructure. This phase can be systematically tuned using an external electric field, providing an experimentally accessible means of controlling the system’s topology. Our magnetotransport studies further validate this interplay, by revealing g-factor suppression and the emergence a zeroth Landau level. Notably, the inverted bilayer heterostructure exhibits a robust and tunable spin Hall effect, with performance comparable to that of state-of-the-art materials. Thus, our findings unveil an alternative pathway for designing and engineering functional properties in 2D topological systems using topologically trivial constituent monolayers. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Bismuth alloys

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Heat Transfer Coefficients of Moving Particle Beds from Flow-Dependent Particle Bed Thermal Conductivity and Near-Wall Resistance

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Adapa, Sarath R. Zhang, Xintong Feng, Tianshi Zeng, Jian Chung, Ka Man Albrecht, Kevin J. Ho, Clifford K. Madden, Dimitri A. Chen, Renkun Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA92093 United States Program in Materials Science and Engineering University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA92093 United States Concentrating Solar Technologies Department Sandia National Laboratories 1515 Eubank Blvd. SE AlbuquerqueNM87123 United States

Accurate determination of heat transfer coefficients for flowing packed particle beds is essential to the design of particle heat exchangers, and other thermal and thermochemical processes. While such dense granular flows mostly fall into the well-known plug-flow regime, the discrete nature of granular materials alters the thermal transport processes in both the near-wall and bulk regions of flowing particle beds from their stationary counterparts. As a result, heat transfer correlations based on the stationary particle bed thermal conductivity could be inadequate for flowing particles in a heat exchanger. Most earlier works have achieved a reasonable agreement with experiments by treating granular heat transfer media as a plug-flow continuum with a near-wall thermal resistance in series. However, the thermophysical properties of the continuum were often obtained from measurements on stationary beds owing to the difficulty of flowing bed measurements. In this work, it was found that the properties of a stationary bed are highly sensitive to the method of particle packing and there is a decrease in the particle bed thermal conductivity and increase in the near-wall thermal resistance, measured as an effective air gap thickness, on the onset of particle flow. These variations in the thermophysical properties of stationary and flowing particle beds can lead to errors in heat transfer coefficient calculations. Therefore, the heat transfer coefficients for granular flows were calculated using experimentally determined flowing particle bed thermal conductivity and near-wall air gap for ceramic particles - CARBO CP 40/100 (mean diameter=275 µm), HSP 40/70 (404 µm) and HSP 16/30 (956 µm);at velocities of 5-15 mm·s-1;and temperatures of 300-650 ºC. The thermal conductivity and air gap values for CP 40/100 and HSP 40/70 were further used to calculate heat transfer coefficients across different particle bed temperatures and velocities for different parallel-plate heat exchange

关键词： Heat transfer coefficients

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Revealing the EuCd2As2 Semiconducting Band Gap via n-type La-Doping

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Nelson, Ryan A. King, Jesaiah Cheng, Shuyu Williams, Archibald J. Jozwiak, Christopher Bostwick, Aaron Rotenberg, Eli Sasmal, Souvik Kao, I-Hsuan Tiwari, Aalok Jones, Natalie R. Cai, Chuting Martin, Emma Dolocan, Andrei Shi, Li Kawakami, Roland Heremans, Joseph P. Katoch, Jyoti Goldberger, Joshua E. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The Ohio State University ColumbusOH43210 United States Department of Physics The Ohio State University ColumbusOH43210 United States Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering The Ohio State University ColumbusOH43210 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Ohio State University ColumbusOH43210 United States Department of Physics Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA15213 United States Materials Science and Engineering Program The University of Texas AustinTX78712 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas AustinTX78712 United States Advanced Light Source E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas AustinTX78712 United States

EuCd2As2 has attracted considerable interest as one of the few magnetic Weyl semimetal candidate materials, although recently there have been emerging reports that claim it to have a semiconducting electronic structure. To resolve this debate, we established the growth of n-type EuCd2As2 crystals, to directly visualize the nature of the conduction band using angle resolve photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). We show that La-doping leads to n-type transport signatures in both the thermopower and Hall effect measurements, in crystals with doping levels at 2-6 x 1017 e- cm-3. Both p-type and n-type doped samples exhibit antiferromagnetic ordering at 9 K. ARPES experiments at 6 K clearly show the presence of the conduction band minimum at 0.8 eV above the valence band maximum, which is further corroborated by the observation of a 0.71 – 0.72 eV band gap in room temperature diffuse reflectance absorbance measurements. Together these findings unambiguously show that EuCd2As2 is indeed a semiconductor with a substantial band gap and not a topological semimetal. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Photoelectron spectroscopy

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Evaluation of Automatic Microstructural Analysis of Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) Maps via a Python-Based Data Processing Framework 240

Evaluation of Automatic Microstructural Analysis of Energy D...

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240th ECS Meeting

作者： Batool, Mariah O. Godoy, Andres Birnbach, Martin Dekel, Dario R Jankovic, Jasna Institute of Materials Science University of Connecticut 97 North Eagleville Road StorrsCT06269-3136 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Connecticut 97 North Eagleville Road StorrsCT06269-3136 United States Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering Nancy and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program Israel Institute of Technology Haifa3200003 Israel

ISBN: (纸本)9781607685395

Computer-aided data acquisition, analysis and interpretation have been employed in various research areas generating useful information. Among these, image processing is most often implemented for post-processing of material characterization data. However, to tackle ambiguity of multi-component materials analysis, spectral data analysis can be used instead. The current study introduces a unique Python-based data processing method for in-depth analysis of energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) elemental maps to analyze agglomerate size distribution, average area of each component and their overlap. The framework developed in this study is applied to examine interaction of Cerium (Ce) and Palladium (Pd) particles in membrane electrode assembly (MEA) of Anion-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (AEMFC) and investigate if this approach can be utilized to predict the fuel cell's electrochemical behavior. The study concludes that the developed framework is a promising method for automatic data extraction and can be beneficial for use in a variety of clean energy applications. © 2021 ECS - The Electrochemical Society.

关键词： Python

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Exfoliated MXene nanosheet by double layer forces for preparing magnetic adsorbents of toxic metal ions and recycling with hyperthermic effect

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Separation and Purification Technology 2024年 349卷

作者： Chen, Chih-Wei Chang, Chi-Jung Liaw, Shien-Kuei Lu, Chien-Hsing Chen, Jem-Kun Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology 43 Sec. 4 Keelung Road Taipei106 Taiwan Division of Neurosurgery Department of Surgery Chi Mei Medical Center Tainan710 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering Feng Chia University 100 Wenhwa Road Seatwen Taichung40724 Taiwan Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei10607 Taiwan Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Taichung Veterans General Hospital Taichung40705 Taiwan Institute of Biomedical Sciences Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine and Rong-Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine National Chung-Hsing University Taichung940227 Taiwan

The conventional etching method for exfoliating MXene using hydrofluoric acid solution is time-consuming and inefficient in productivity. A double layer force is generated through polarization among the heterogeneous layers of MXene due to their different dielectric properties. The exfoliated MXene by the polarization method in an acidic solution was employed to synthesize magnetic MXene (MXFe) with Fe3O4 nanoparticles. MXFe was coated on polyacrylonitrile microspheres (PANs) as precursors (PAN@MXFe) by Pickering emulsion polymerization. The core@shell polyvinyltetrazole@MXFe (PVT@MXFe) was obtained as the adsorbent after subsequent cyano-tetrazole conversion of PAN@MFs for the removal of toxic metal ions. The maximum adsorption capacities of Hg(II) on the MXFe and PVT@MXFe coating 2 wt% of MXFe were 579 and 324 mg/g, respectively, indicating the high use efficiency of MXFe. At 8.5 kHz of high frequency, hyperthermia occurs on the PVT@MXFe, facilitating the desorption of the toxic metal ions from the adsorbents. Compared with reuse using an acidic solution, the PVT@MXFe can be reused repeatedly 10 times without obvious damage under the AMF. Our proposed polarization exfoliation method not only provides a novel methodology to exfoliate MXene but also develops an ideal adsorbent for universal adsorption, simple separation, stable regeneration, and low secondary pollution. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Synthesis (chemical)

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Acoustic Sensing for Investigating Critical Heat Flux Enhancement During Pool Boiling on Electrodeposited Copper Foams

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Pandey, Hari Mehrabi, Hamed Williams, Amanda Mira-Hernández, Carolina Coridan, Robert Henry Hu, Han Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Arkansas FayettevilleAR72701 United States Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Arkansas FayettevilleAR72701 United States Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana Medellín Colombia Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Arkansas FayettevilleAR72701 United States

Nano-engineered structured boiling surfaces have shown great promise in the improvement of heat dissipation performance in thermal management applications. Electrodeposited copper foams have attracted lots of scientific and engineering interest owing to their multi-tier structures. In this study, hierarchical copper foams with ultra-wicking properties were fabricated using cathodic deposition at different pH, including both acidic (pH 0) and basic (pH 10 and 12) solutions. Pendant droplet wicking tests and pool boiling experiments were performed to characterize the wicking flux and the critical heat flux (CHF) of the fabricated copper foams, respectively. The high-speed optical images were analyzed to examine the effect of surface wickability on bubble dynamics. The CHF enhancement mechanism in hierarchical copper foams was investigated by characterizing the acoustic emissions (AE) generated during wicking and boiling vapor dynamics. The results show that base-deposited copper foams (pH 10 and 12) yield higher wicking flux and higher boiling CHF than acid-deposited copper foam (pH 0) due to smaller dendrites and crystallites. The effect of the surface structures on bubble dynamics is probed by analyzing the maximum bubble size, bubble count, and the power and dominant frequency of vapor fraction at varying heat fluxes from high-speed videos. The results reveal no significant differences between tested surfaces (polished copper and copper foams deposited at pH 0, 10, and 12) when the heat flux is kept the same. Additionally, acoustic emissions were used to understand the CHF enhancement mechanisms in different copper foam structures. While investigating the AE data, the results show consistent acoustic signatures between wicking and boiling, that is, a smaller AE amplitude is observed for higher wicking flux and higher CHF. Initiation of CHF during pool boiling was a prime source for AE and these were recognized with AE parametric study. Combing the optical and acous

关键词： Heat flux

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High-Order Nonlinear Electrophoresis in a Nematic Liquid Crystal

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Physical Review Letters 2024年第15期132卷 158102-158102页

作者： Mojtaba Rajabi Taras Turiv Bing-Xiang Li Hend Baza Dmitry Golovaty Oleg D. Lavrentovich Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute Kent State University Kent Ohio 44242 USA Department of Physics Kent State University Kent Ohio 44242 USA College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing 210023 China Department of Mathematics The University of Akron Akron Ohio 44325-4002 USA Materials Science Graduate Program Kent State University Kent Ohio 44242 USA

Electrophoresis is the motion of particles relative to a surrounding fluid driven by a uniform electric field. In conventional electrophoresis, the electrophoretic velocity grows linearly with the applied field. Nonlinear effects with a quadratic speed vs field dependence are gaining research interest since an alternating current field could drive them. Here, we report on the giant nonlinearity of electrophoresis in a nematic liquid crystal in which the speed grows with the fourth and sixth powers of the electric field. The mechanism is attributed to the shear thinning of the nematic environment induced by the moving colloid. The observed giant nonlinear effect dramatically enhances the efficiency of electrophoretic transport.

关键词： Electrophoresis Non-Newtonian fluids Nonlinear dynamics in fluids Colloids Liquid crystals Nematic liquid crystals Optical microscopy Rheology techniques

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Electrochemical Control of Copper Foam Synthesis for Critical Heat Flux Enhancement During Boiling

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Pandey, Hari Mehrabi, Hamed Williams, Amanda Mira-Hernández, Carolina Coridan, Robert H. Hu, Han Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Arkansas FayettevilleAR72701 United States Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Arkansas FayettevilleAR72701 United States Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana Medellín Colombia Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Arkansas FayettevilleAR72701 United States

Nano-engineered structured boiling surfaces have shown great promise in the improvement of heat dissipation performance in thermal management applications. Electrodeposited copper foams have attracted lots of scientific and engineering interest owing to their multi-tier structures. In this study, hierarchical copper foams with ultra-wicking properties were fabricated using cathodic deposition at different pH, including both acidic (pH 0) and basic (pH 10 and 12) solutions. Pendant droplet wicking tests and pool boiling experiments were performed to characterize the wicking flux and the critical heat flux (CHF) of the fabricated copper foams, respectively. The results show that base deposited copper foams (pH 10 and 12) yield higher wicking flux and higher boiling CHF than acid deposited copper foam (pH 0) due to smaller dendrites and crystallites. The effect of the surface structures on bubble dynamics is probed by analyzing the maximum bubble size, bubble count, and the power and dominant frequency of vapor fraction at varying heat fluxes from high-speed videos. The results reveal no significant differences between tested surfaces (flat copper and copper foams deposited at pH 0, 10, and 12) when the heat flux is kept the same. On the other hand, acoustic emissions (AE) are used to characterize the copper foam structures in both wicking and boiling tests. The results show consistent acoustic signatures between wicking and boiling that smaller AE amplitude is observed for higher wicking flux and higher CHF. Combing the optical and acoustic analysis, it is concluded that the main role of surface structures play in CHF enhancement is through improving capillary wicking underneath the bubbles rather than affecting the dynamics of the apparent liquid-vapor interfaces. This study not only explores the relationship between electrochemical control and wicking properties but also demonstrates the role of wicking in structure-enhanced boiling CHF through acoustic emission ana

关键词： Heat flux

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