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Facile Li-Ion Transport via LLTO Scaffold with Crosslinked Polyethylene Glycol Composite Electrolyte for Solid-State Batteries

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Lee, Jungkuk Counihan, Michael J. Barai, Pallab Burns, Meghan E. Singh, Vibhu V. Jamnuch, Sasawat Pascal, Tod A. Shrinivasan, Venkat Tepavcevic, Sanja Zhang, Yuepeng Applied Materials Division Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL60439 United States Materials Science Division Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL60439 United States Department of Chemistry University of Illinois Chicago ChicagoIL60607 United States ATLAS Materials Physics Lab Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA92093 United States Microscopy and Microanalysis Research Group Materials Measurement Science Division National Institute of Standards and Technology GaithersburgMD20899 United States Material Science and Engineering Program University of California San Diego La Jolla CA92093 United States Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL60439 United States

Composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) hold significant promise for solid-state batteries due to their ability to combine the benefits of inorganic fillers and polymer matrices. However, agglomeration of inorganic fillers can disrupt the formation of a percolation pathway, hindering lithium-ion transport. Here, we developed a stable, porous, and interconnected 3-dimentional LLTO (Li0.33La0.557TiO3) nanofiber scaffold and fabricate CPEs using in-situ crosslinked polyethylene glycol (xPEG). The resulting self-standing LLTOxPEG-65 achieved an ionic conductivity of 5.0 × 10−4 S/cm at 30 °C and a critical current density of 0.5 mA/cm2. A significantly lower activation energy (~0.2 eV) was observed in LLTOxPEG-65 compared to pristine xPEG (0.44 eV), indicating a transition of lithium-ion transport pathways from xPEG to the LLTO scaffold. However, increasing the xPEG content led to a decrease in ionic conductivity and a rise in activation energy, approaching that of pristine xPEG. DFT calculations revealed that Li+ transport in the [010] and [001] planes of LLTO predominantly takes place within the bulk rather than along the surface, while a concerted diffusion mechanism was observed in the [100] plane. Additionally, mesoscale-level computational analysis indicated that the high LLTO scaffold fraction (90 wt %) can ensure transport through the bulk of the fibers even with larger interfacial charge transfer resistance, around 1 Ω·cm2 between LLTO and xPEG. Presence of the highly percolated LLTO scaffold helps to promote efficient Li+ transport through the bulk of LLTO. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Activation energy

Cylindrical-Lens-Embedded Photonic Crystal Based on Self-Collimation 5

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Cylindrical-Lens-Embedded Photonic Crystal Based on Self-Col...

5th IEEE Research and Applications of Photonics in Defense Conference, RAPID 2022

作者： Xia, Chun Gutierrez, Jesus J. Kuebler, Stephen M. Rumpf, Raymond C. Touma, Jimmy University of Central Florida The College of Optics and Photonics Creol OrlandoFL32816 United States University of Texas at El Paso Em Lab Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering El PasoTX79968 United States Materials Science and Engineering University of Central Florida Creol The College of Optics and Photonics Chemistry Department OrlandoFL32816 United States Computational Science Program University of Texas at El Paso Em Lab Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering El PasoTX79968 United States Eglin Afb AFRL/Munitions Directorate Integrated Sensing and Processing Branch FL32542 United States

Independent optical power and phase control is experimentally demonstrated in a self-collimating PC based on rod-into-wall unit cell and fabricated in a low-refractive-index medium by multiphoton lithography. © 2... 详细信息

ISBN: (数字)9781665402231

ISBN: (纸本)9781665402231

关键词： Refractive index

Supplementary information for "Low-loss silicon nitride Kerr-microresonators fabricated with metallic etch masks via metal lift-off"

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arXiv

arXiv 2025年

作者： Colación, Gabriel M. Rukh, Lala Buck, Franco Drake, Tara E. Optical Science & Engineering Program University of New Mexico AlbuquerqueNM87106 United States Center for High Technology Materials University of New Mexico AlbuquerqueNM87106 United States Department of Physics & Astronomy University of New Mexico AlbuquerqueNM87106 United States

Stoichiometric silicon nitride has emerged as a widely used integratedphotonic material owing to its high index of refraction, nonlinear opticalproperties, and broad transparency window spanning visible to mid-IRfrequencies. However, silicon nitride is generally more resistant to reactiveion etching than are typical etch masks made of polymer-based resist. Thisnecessitates resist layers that are significantly thicker than the siliconnitride and results in mask patterns which are tall and narrow. Thesehigh-aspect-ratio patterns inhibit the plasma transport of reactive ionetching, which leads to difficulties in accurately reproducing dimensions andcreating well-defined, vertical waveguide sidewalls. In this work, we overcomethese challenges by developing a metallic etch mask that provides a 30:1nitride-to-metal etch rate ratio, representing a near 20-fold reduction in therequired mask thickness. We demonstrate the quality of this technique byetching microring resonators with near-vertical waveguide sidewalls andintrinsic quality factors of over 1 million. Leveraging the low optical loss ofour resonators, we generate optical frequency combs with more than an octave ofbandwidth and dual dispersive waves. These results establish metal lift-off asa viable and easy-to-implement technique capable of producing low optical losswaveguides. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Aspect ratio

Deciphering the Impact of Polysulfide Solvation Structure on Electrical Double Layer Chemistry in Sodium–Sulfur Batteries

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Angewandte Chemie 2025年

作者： Weiqi Yao Min-Hao Pai Arumugam Manthiram Materials Science and Engineering Program & Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 USA

Room-temperature sodium–sulfur (RT Na–S) batteries are garnering attention for large-scale energy storage. However, their practical application is hindered by challenges, such as the shuttle effect of sodium polysulfides (NaPS) and dendrite growth. The high solubility of NaPS in the electrolyte is particularly problematic. It disrupts electron transfer and obstructs mass transport in the electrical double layer (EDL) region. The EDL plays a pivotal role in governing the interfacial chemistry between the electrode and electrolyte, significantly impacting the overall electrochemical performance. Through simulations and experimental screening of various solvents, including 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), tetrahydrofuran (THF), and tetrahydropyran (THP), along with ethyl 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether (ETFE) as a diluent, the relationship between NaPS solvation structure and EDL chemistry has been elucidated. Our findings reveal that THP-based localized high-concentration electrolyte (LHCE) not only reduces the solubility of NaPS by altering its solvation structure but also promotes the formation of a stable inorganic solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) and improves compatibility with sodium metal. Consequently, Na–S batteries with LHCE-THP/ETFE exhibit long-term stability over 500 cycles at 1C rate with a capacity decay rate of only 0.07% per cycle. This study provides a methodology for designing electrolytes based on molecular structure, polysulfide solvation properties, and EDL interfacial chemistry.

关键词： Electrical double layer Electrolytes Polysulfide solvation structure Shuttle effect Sodium–sulfur batteries

Coupling between bulk thermal defects and surface segregation dynamics

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Physical Review B 2021年第8期104卷 085408-085408页

作者： Jonathan Li Siming Zhang Chaoran Li Yaguang Zhu Jorge Anibal Boscoboinik Xiao Tong Jerzy T. Sadowski Guofeng Wang Guangwen Zhou Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science and Engineering Program State University of New York Binghamton New York 13902 USA Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15261 USA Center for Functional Nanomaterials Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973 USA

Surface segregation is a phenomenon that depends on the delicate interplay between thermodynamic driving forces and kinetic obstacles, for which elevated temperature is often needed to enhance the atom mobility and reach equilibrium. Using the classic system of Cu3Au(100) under nonisothermal conditions, herein, we show an adatom process underlying transient surface segregation dynamics through the temperature-change-driven creation and annihilation of thermal vacancies in the bulk and the resulting bulk-surface mass exchanges. This is demonstrated by monitoring the surface composition evolution of Cu3Au(100) with temperature changes between 250 and 500∘C, showing that the increase in temperature decreases monotonically the surface Au concentration as a result of the transfer of more Cu than Au from the bulk to the surface to form Cu-rich clusters of adatoms. Such a bulk thermal defect effect is expected to be universal in inducing the disparity in the bulk-surface mass exchanges of dissimilar atoms in multicomponent materials because of the inherent differences in the vacancy formation energies of the constituent atoms.

关键词： Self-diffusion Surface & interfacial phenomena Transition metal alloys Density functional calculations Ion beam analysis Mass spectrometry Scanning tunneling microscopy X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Structure Control and Growth Mechanism of Beaded Sic Nanowires with Microwave Absorption Properties

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Dou, Qiang Zhang, XiaoHai Wang, Yang You, Jie Jiang, Wei Yang, Jian Li, Quan Alexandrov, I.V. College of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing211816 China Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites China Nanjing Sanle Group Co. Ltd Nanjing211816 China Haikou Geological Survey of Marine Center Haikou570100 China Department of Materials Science and Physics of Metals Ufa University of Science and Technology Ufa Russia

Large-scale SiC nanowires (SiCnws) were successfully synthesized on graphite substrates by a catalyst-free carbon thermal reduction process using low-cost silicone oil, silica powder, and activated carbon. The control of different nanowire structures was achieved by parameter regulation. An in-depth discussion of their growth mechanisms is provided. Beaded SiCnws consisting of amorphous SiO2 beads and SiC strings were synthesized at 1400 °C. The formation of beads is mainly due to the supersaturation of SiO vapor, which leads to the reaction of excess SiO to form SiO2 at the defects of the SiCnws. The dielectric parameters of beaded SiCnws were analyzed, and it was found that the beaded SiCnws have a maximum effective absorption width of 1.84 GHz and a maximum reflection loss of -16.03 dB. The exploration of the growth mechanism of beaded SiCnws in this study provides a useful reference for the preparation of one-dimensional nanomaterials. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Silica

Introducing self-healing properties to polyethersulfone (PES) membrane via poly(vinyl alcohol)/ polyacrylic acid (PVA/PAA) surface coating

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Chemosphere 2024年 349卷 140772页

作者： Lim, Yi Heng Wong, Eng Cheong Chong, Woon Chan Mohammad, Abdul Wahab Koo, Chai Hoon Lau, Woei Jye Department of Chemical Engineering Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Sungai Long Campus Jalan Sungai Long Cheras Selangor Kajang43000 Malaysia Centre for Advanced and Sustainable Materials Research Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Sungai Long Campus Jalan Sungai Long Cheras Selangor Kajang43000 Malaysia Chemical and Water Desalination Program College of Engineering University of Sharjah Sharjah27272 United Arab Emirates Chemical Engineering Programme Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Selangor Bangi43600 Malaysia Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Johor Bahru81310 Malaysia

During membrane filtration, it is inevitable that a membrane will experience physical damage, leading to a loss of its integrity and a decrease in separation efficiency. Hence, the development of a water-responsive membrane capable of healing itself autonomously after physical damage is significantly important in the field of water filtration. Herein, a water-enabled self-healing composite polyethersulfone (PES) membrane was synthesized by coating the membrane surface using a mixed solution composed of poly (vinyl alcohol) and polyacrylic acid (PVA-PAA). The self-healing efficiency of the coated PES membrane was examined based on the changes in water flux at three stages which are pre-damaged, post-damaged, and post-healing. The self-healing process was initiated by the swelling of the water-responsive PVA and PAA, followed by the formation of reversible hydrogen bonds, completing the self-healing process. The coated PES membrane with three layers of PVA-PAA coatings (at 3:1 ratio) demonstrated high water flux and remarkable self-healing efficiency of up to 98.3%. The self-healing capability was evidenced by the morphology of the membrane observed via scanning electron microscope (SEM). The findings of this investigation present a novel architecture approach for fabricating self-healing membranes using PVA-PAA, in addition to other relevant parameters as reported. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Membranes

Groundwater-Surface Water Interactions Research: Past Trends and Future Directions

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Irvine, Dylan J. Singha, Kamini Kurylyk, Barret L. Briggs, Martin A. Sebastian, Yakub Tait, Douglas R. Helton, Ashley M. Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods Faculty of Science and Technology Charles Darwin University CasuarinaNT Australia National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training Bedford ParkSA Australia Hydrologic Science and Engineering Program Colorado School of Mines GoldenCO United States Department of Civil and Resource Engineering Centre for Water Resources Studies Dalhousie University Halifax Canada U.S. Geological Survey Observing Systems Division Hydrologic Remote Sensing Branch StorrsCT United States Faculty of Science and Engineering Southern Cross University Lismore Australia Department of Natural Resources and the Environment The Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering University of Connecticut StorrsCT United States

Interactions between groundwater and surface water sustain groundwater-dependent ecosystems, provide baseflow to rivers, and regulate river temperature and biogeochemical cycles, amongst many other processes. These interactions occur in freshwater environments including rivers, springs, lakes, and wetlands, and in coastal environments via tidal pumping, submarine groundwater discharge, and seawater intrusion. Here, we use a data-driven approach to explore groundwater-surface water interactions research using 20,275 journal papers published between 1970 and 2023. Analyses show that research into groundwater-surface water interactions is highly multi-disciplinary, with growing contributions from the social and biological sciences. As in the case with many research areas, the number of groundwater-surface water interactions papers is rapidly increasing with over 1200 papers published per year since 2020. Drawing on our data-driven approach and expert knowledge, we synthesise current research trends and identify critical future research directions. Despite the thousands of papers on groundwater-surface water interactions, there are still important processes that are difficult to quantify or predict at meaningful spatial scales to inform management. We see benefits in future groundwater-surface water interactions research focusing on: (1) embracing new technologies including the use of internet-of-things-based sensors and further use of uncrewed vehicles in data capture and remote sensing approaches to inform groundwater-surface water interactions at large scales, (2) capitalising on the increased computational power, availability of physically based models, and machine learning to inform hydrological and biogeochemical processes, and (3) continuing the movement towards multi-disciplinary investigations to better inform the quantification of groundwater-surface water interactions that will enable better management outcomes. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Rivers

Influence of Temperature and Stress State on the Twip Behavior of 201ln and 316lv Austenitic Stainless Steels

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Braga, Diogo Pedrino Corrêa, Leonardo Muthi Sordi, Vitor Luiz Rovere, Carlos Alberto Della Cintho, Osvaldo Mitsuyuki Kliauga, Andrea Madeira Federal University of São Carlos Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering São Carlos São Paulo Brazil Federal University of São Carlos Graduate Program in Mechanical Engineering São Carlos São Paulo Brazil Federal University of São Carlos Department of Materials Engineering São Carlos São Paulo Brazil State University of Ponta Grossa Department of Materials Engineering Ponta Grossa Paraná Brazil

The present results analyzed deformation behavior under tension and compression of two different austenitic stainless steels: AISI 201LN, with low nickel content and stabilized with Mn and N;and AISI 316LV, stabilized with Ni and with low content of interstitial atoms. Mechanical tests were performed at 10 -3 s -1 and at temperatures varying from -100 to 600 o C to yield comparable values of the stacking fault energy (SFE). The resulting microstructure was analyzed by X-ray diffraction and EBSD. The stress-strain curves were analyzed using the Kocks-Mecking (K-M) approach. For comparable stacking fault energies, temperature enhances the thermal activation effects that led to lower fraction of mechanical twins in the 201LN compared with the 316LV. The crystallographic re-orientation followed the flow rule irrespective of the temperature and deformation mechanism: tension and compression experiments showed the or orientation with the tension axis, respectively. In tension the dislocation storage and recovery factors of the K-M model were larger than in the compression and the amount of stored dislocations and crystallite size reflect these effects. In the compression, the TWIP effect was reduced for the 316LV and suppressed for the 201LN. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Stacking faults