We study topologically stable defect structures in systems where the defect line classification in three dimensions and associated algebra of interactions (the fundamental group) are governed by the non-Abelian 8-elem...
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In molecular dynamics simulations, rare events, such as protein folding, are typically studied using enhanced sampling techniques, most of which are based on the definition of a collective variable (CV) along which ac...
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Vanadate-based photocatalysts have recently attracted substantial attention owing to their outstanding photocatalytic activity for degrading organic pollutants and generating energy via photocatalytic processes. Howev...
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Manual analysis of XRD data is usually laborious and time consuming. The deep neural network (DNN) based models trained by synthetic XRD patterns are proved to be an automatic, accurate, and high throughput method to ...
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In the last years there has been a booming in the development of biological pharmaceuticals, and various nanoparticle delivery systems have been developed to overcome biological barriers to maximize the therapeutic po...
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In the last years there has been a booming in the development of biological pharmaceuticals, and various nanoparticle delivery systems have been developed to overcome biological barriers to maximize the therapeutic potentials. Especially, when these drug-loaded nanoparticle systems arrive at the target cells, they must be successfully internalized into the cells, followed by the endosome escape, to release the payload in the cytoplasm. This is crucial so that the payloads are not degraded in the endosome (around pH 6.8–6.0) or lysosome (around pH 4.5). Considering the acid environment of the endosome, several studies have shown the design of different acid-labile nanoparticle delivery systems attempting to achieve endosome escape by, for example, endosomal rupture, membrane destabilization, and membrane fusion. In this mini-review, we summarize current designs in acid-labile chemical bonds for endosome escape of nanosystems. First, we briefly introduce the structural design of acid-labile nanoparticles and their endosomal escape mechanisms. Then, we review recent research work on the topic, highlighting how the nanoparticle designs can be used in endosome escape for different biomedical applications. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future perspectives in this field.
Delivering drugs to tumors using nanoparticles (NPs) has shown promising potential in promoting targeted drug delivery of antineoplastic agents to enhance their efficiency while reducing the associated systemic toxici...
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The poor gas selectivity problem has been a long-standing issue for miniaturized chemical-resistor gas *** electronic nose(e-nose)was proposed in the 1980s to tackle the selectivity issue,but it required top-down chem...
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The poor gas selectivity problem has been a long-standing issue for miniaturized chemical-resistor gas *** electronic nose(e-nose)was proposed in the 1980s to tackle the selectivity issue,but it required top-down chemical functionalization processes to deposit multiple functional ***,we report a novel gas-sensing scheme using a single graphene field-effect transistor(GFET)and machine learning to realize gas selectivity under particular conditions by combining the unique properties of the GFET and e-nose *** of using multiple functional materials,the gas-sensing conductivity profiles of a GFET are recorded and decoupled into four distinctive physical properties and projected onto a feature space as 4D output vectors and classified to differentiated target gases by using machine-learning *** single-GFET approach coupled with trained pattern recognition algorithms was able to classify water,methanol,and ethanol vapors with high accuracy quantitatively when they were tested ***,the gas-sensing patterns of methanol were qualitatively distinguished from those of water vapor in a binary mixture condition,suggesting that the proposed scheme is capable of differentiating a gas from the realistic scenario of an ambient environment with background *** such,this work offers a new class of gas-sensing schemes using a single GFET without multiple functional materials toward miniaturized e-noses.
HIGHLIGHTS• NFC can increase the compressive strength of cement pastes by up to 59%.• NFC degrades in the pore solution of mortars after 60 days of curing;• NFC degradation reduces the tensile strength of cement paste...
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