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arXiv 2023年

作者： Conrad, Nathaniel Saleh, Omar A. Fygenson, Deborah K. Physics Department University of California Santa BarbaraCA93106 United States Materials Department University of California Santa BarbaraCA93106 United States Biomolecular Science and Engineering Program University of California Santa BarbaraCA93106 United States

We measure the rheology of transient hydrogels comprised of a single type of DNA nanostar that makes both strong and weak bonds. These gels exhibit power-law frequency-dependence of their storage and loss moduli, with scaling exponents that depend on the proportions of the two bonds. A diffusive stress-relaxation model, in which the strong-bond sub-network relieves stress by diffusing through an effective viscosity imposed by the weak bonds, explains the scaling of their moduli. The model has implications for the fractal dimensions of the strong-bond sub-network that are in good agreement with measurements and makes testable predictions for the viscoelasticity of other transient hydrogels. Overall, this work demonstrates the power of DNA nanotechnology to decipher, and potentially rationally design, power-law rheology. © 2023, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Hydrogels

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Emulating complex synapses using interlinked proton conductors

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Physical Review Applied 2025年第1期23卷 014027-014027页

作者： Lifu Zhang Ji-An Li Yang Hu Jie Jiang Rongjie Lai Marcus K. Benna Jian Shi Department of Materials Science and Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy New York 12180 USA Neurosciences Graduate Program University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 USA Department of Mathematics Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA Department of Neurobiology School of Biological Sciences University of California at San Diego La Jolla California 92093 USA Department of Physics Applied Physics and Astronomy Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy New York 12180 USA

In terms of energy efficiency and computational speed, neuromorphic electronics based on nonvolatile memory devices are expected to be one of most promising hardware candidates for future artificial intelligence (AI). However, catastrophic forgetting, networks rapidly overwriting previously learned weights when learning new tasks, remains a pivotal obstacle in either digital or analog AI chips for unleashing the true power of brainlike computing. To address catastrophic forgetting in the context of online memory storage, a complex synapse model (the Benna-Fusi model) was proposed recently [M. K. Benna and S. Fusi, Nat. Neurosci. 19, 1697 (2016)], the synaptic weight and internal variables of which evolve following diffusion dynamics. In this work, by designing a proton transistor with a series of charge-diffusion-controlled storage components, we have experimentally realized the Benna-Fusi artificial complex synapse. Memory consolidation from coupled storage components is revealed by both numerical simulations and experimental observations. Different memory timescales for the complex synapse are engineered by the diffusion length of charge carriers and the capacity and number of coupled storage components. The advantages of the demonstrated complex synapse for both memory capacity and memory consolidation are revealed by neural network simulations of face-familiarity detection. Our experimental realization of the complex synapse suggests a promising approach to enhance memory capacity and to enable continual learning.

关键词： Nonvolatile storage

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Grain Selection Growth of Soft Metal in Electrochemical Processes

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zhang, Minghao Tantratian, Karnpiwat Ham, So-Yeon Wang, Zhuo Chouchane, Mehdi Shimizu, Ryosuke Bai, Shuang Yang, Hedi Liu, Zhao Li, Letian Avishai, Amir Chen, Lei Meng, Ying Shirley Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering The University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States Department of Metallurgical Engineering Chulalongkorn University Bangkok10330 Thailand Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA92093 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan-Dearborn DearbornMI48128 United States Department of NanoEngineering University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA92093 United States Materials and Structural Analysis Thermo Fisher Scientific HillsboroOR97124 United States The Core Center of Excellence in Nano Imaging University of Southern California Los AngelesCA90089 United States

Soft metals like lithium and sodium play a critical role in battery technology owing to their high energy density. Texture formation by grain selection growth of soft metals during electrochemical processes is a crucial factor affecting power and safety. Developing a framework to understand and control grain growth is a multifaceted challenge. Here, a general thermodynamic theory and phase-field model are formulated to study grain selection growth of soft metals. Our study focuses on the interplay between surface energy and atomic mobility-related intrinsic strain energy in grain selection growth. Differences in grain selection growth arise from the anisotropy in surface energy and diffusion barrier of soft metal atoms. Our findings highlight the kinetic limitations of solid-state Li metal batteries, which originate from load stress-induced surface energy anisotropy. These insights lead to the development of an amorphous LixSi1-x (0.50 Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Solid-State Batteries

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Reduction of interface defects in gate-recessed GaN HEMTs by neutral beam etching

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materials Today Advances 2024年 23卷

作者： Yu, Chia Hao Chiang, Wei Hsiang Chen, Yi-Ho Samukawa, Seiji Wuu, Dong Sing Chung, Chin-Han Hsiao, Ching-Lien Horng, Ray Hua Institute of Electronics National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Chung Hsing University Graduate Degree Program of College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Institute of Comunications Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Department of Applied Materials and Optoelectronic Engineering National Chi Nan University International College of Semiconductor Technology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Thin Film Physics Division Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology (IFM) Linköping University

This study investigates and compares the impact of different etching techniques on the fabrication of GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) between the inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching (ICP-RIE) and the neutral beam etching (NBE) for the gate recess. By conducting direct current analysis, it was found that devices manufactured using the NBE exhibited superior electrical performance as compared with those produced using the ICP-RIE. These enhanced electrical characteristics include a transconductance of up to 100.4 mS/mm, a threshold voltage (V_th) of −2.3 V, an on/off current ratio of 1.1 × 10⁹, a subthreshold swing (S.S.) of 99.63 mV/dec, and a remarkably low gate leakage current. Additionally, we noted varying degrees of hysteresis in the I–V characteristics were related to process disparities possibly leading to interface defects. Multi-frequency capacitance-voltage (C–V) measurements were used to identify the interface defects at the oxide/AlGaN interface of the gate. The results revealed that devices fabricated using the NBE exhibited a lower interface defect density as compared with those fabricated using the ICP-RIE, thereby elucidating the reduced hysteresis observed in the I–V characteristics. These findings indicated the significant advantages of the NBE process in the fabrication of GaN HEMTs. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： GaN HEMTs Gate recess Interface defects Multi-frequency C–V Neutral beam etching

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Carbonate melts under lower mantle conditions

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science Bulletin 2022年第13期67卷 1307-1309页

作者： Min Wu Jiehao Jiang John S.Tse Yuanming Pan College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310014China Shaoxing Research Institute Zhejiang University of TechnologyShaoxing 312000China Department of Physics and Engineering Physics University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSK S7N 5E2Canada Department of Geological Sciences University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSK S7N 5E2Canada

Carbonate melts at high pressure and temperature conditions are crucial to the deep carbon cycle and play critical roles in the dynamics and evolution of Earth’s *** of carbon-bearing rocks,which generates carbonatitic and carbonated silicate melts in the mantle,has been suggested as the primary agents for the outgassing of carbon from Earth’s interior dictating the deep carbon cycle.

关键词： melts carbon conditions

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Spin scattering and Hall effects in monolayer Fe3GeTe2

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Physical Review B 2023年第13期108卷 134425-134425页

作者： Luyan Yu Jie-Xiang Yu Jiadong Zang Roger K. Lake Houlong Zhuang Gen Yin Department of Physics University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 USA Department of Physics University of Florida Gainesville Florida 32611 USA Department of Physics and Materials Science Program University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire 03824 USA Laboratory for Terahertz and Terascale Electronics (LATTE) Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California at Riverside Riverside California 92521 USA Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287 USA Department of Physics Georgetown University Washington DC 20057 USA

We theoretically show that the carrier transport in a monolayer Fe3GeTe2 experiences a transition between anomalous and spin Hall effects when the spin polarization of disorders switches between out-of-plane and in-plane. These Hall effects are allowed when the magnetization is polarized in-plane, breaking the C3 rotation symmetry. The transition originates from the selection rule of spin scattering, the strong spin-orbit coupling, and the van Hove singularities near the Fermi surface. The scattering selection rule tolerates the sign change of the disorder spin, which provides a convenient method to detect the switching of antiferromagnetic insulators regardless of the interfacial roughness in a heterostructure. This provides a convenient platform for the study of 2D spintronics through various van der Waals heterostructures.

关键词： Magnetotransport Spin Hall effect 2-dimensional systems Density functional calculations

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Morphology Control of Nanoporous Gold Crystals Through Selective Dissolution of Au-Ge Eutectic Microstructures

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Portal, Lotan Polishchuk, Iryna Koifman-Khristosov, Maria Katsman, Alexander Pokroy, Boaz Department of Materials Science and Engineering Technion – Israel Institute of Technology Haifa32000 Israel Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute Technion – Israel Institute of Technology Haifa32000 Israel The Nancy and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program Technion − Israel Institute of Technology Haifa3200003 Israel

The synthesis of nanoporous gold (np-Au) through the conventional method of dealloying a more reactive element from Au alloys has been extensively studied and applied in various fields, particularly catalysis. In this study, we explore a novel approach to creating droplet-like np-Au crystals through the selective dissolution of Au-Ge eutectic *** work reveals that adjusting the undercooling of the eutectic melt during solidification allows for the tuning of pore and ligament sizes. We demonstrate that this undercooling can be modified, either directly or indirectly, by adjusting the cooling rate or the heterogeneous nucleation site density of the eutectic melt. Our findings, aligned with the Zener-Turnbull theoretical model for eutectic solidification, elucidate the connection between the tuning of pore and ligament sizes in the eutectic microstructure and the undercooling of the eutectic ***, we establish that this phenomenon is applicable to a variety of compositions, whether hypereutectic, eutectic, or hypoeutectic. The ability to regulate pore and ligament sizes enhances the catalytic activity of np-Au. We demonstrate that crystals with average pores of 45 nm exhibit approximately twice the catalytic activity compared to np-Au crystals with pores twice as large. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Catalysis

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Giant Deep-Ultraviolet Circular Dichroism in Synthetic Architectures of Ordered Carbon Nanotubes

Giant Deep-Ultraviolet Circular Dichroism in Synthetic Archi...

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2023 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2023

作者： Doumani, Jacques Lou, Minhan Dewey, Oliver Hong, Nina Fan, Jichao Baydin, Andrey Pasquali, Matteo Yomogida, Yohei Yanagi, Kazuhiro Saito, Riichiro Kono, Junichiro Gao, Weilu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Utah Salt Lake CityUT United States Carbon Hub Rice University HoustonTX United States Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Rice University HoustonTX United States J.A. Woollam Co. LincolnNE United States The Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX United States Department of Chemistry Rice University HoustonTX United States Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Tokyo Metropolitan University Tokyo Japan Department Physics Tohoku University Sendai Japan Department Physics and Astronomy Rice University HoustonTX United States

We demonstrate tunable, giant, and structure-induced deep-ultraviolet circular dichroism in macroscopically chiral assemblies of racemic carbon nanotubes prepared using two approaches: mechanical-rotation-assisted vac... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

关键词： Dichroism

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Current Carrying Capacity of Inkjet-Printed Nano-Silver Interconnects on Mesoporous PET Substrate

Current Carrying Capacity of Inkjet-Printed Nano-Silver Inte...

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Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC)

作者： El Mehdi Abbara Gurvinder Singh Khinda Mohammed Alhendi Riadh Alhaidari Firas Alshatnawi Behnam Garakani Udara S. Somarathna Mark D. Poliks Department of Systems Science and Industrial Engineering State University of New York Binghamton USA Center for Advanced Microelectronics Manufacturing State University of New York Binghamton USA Materials Science and Engineering Program State University of New York Binghamton USA

Conductors are a basic component in any flexible hybrid electronic device. Their electromechanical reliability has been studied, yet very few studies report their thermoelectric behavior. We report the current carrying capacity of an inkjet-printed nano-silver interconnects on mesoporous PET substrate. For this study, the printed interconnects are approximately 100 μm wide, with two different thicknesses: single layer (~650 nm thick) and double layer (~1 μm thick). Samples were sintered with different parameters of oven and laser sintering. The effect of printing and curing parameters on the trace current-carrying capability is evaluated with and without the presence of an encapsulation layer. At the current sweep range of 0.005-0.08A for single layer traces and 0.005-0.17A for double layer traces, results show that the trace resistance slightly increases and then decreases to a minimal value smaller than the initial resistance before dramatically increases indicating substrate damage. The double-layer traces withstand higher current and reach higher temperature than the substrate glass transition point. The oven sintered traces have higher initial resistance than laser sintered samples reflecting the difference in the percentage of solvent content and the microstructure. A drastic decrease in resistance is noticed at low current for the oven sintered samples, but at higher current, both oven and laser sintered traces showed similar behavior. The printed encapsulation layer did not significantly impact the trace behavior. A thermoelectric simulation of the trace joule heating was generated in order to quantify the thermal energy transmitted to the surrounding environment and capture the temperature of the trace surface. The model was compared to the experimental results and showed a good correlation.

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Unleashing the Power of Nature: Eco-Friendly Mussel-Byssus-Inspired Pbs/Pbat Fishing Gear for Biodegradation by Marine Microbes

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Hong, Yuri Yang, Ho-Sung Lee, Min Hee Kim, Sinyang Park, Sung Bae Hwang, Sung Yeon Park, Jeyoung Koo, Jun Mo Oh, Dongyeop Hwang, Dong Soo Gyeongsangbuk-do Pohang37673 Korea Republic of Ulsan44429 Korea Republic of Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources Graduate School of Biotechnology Kyung Hee University Gyeonggi-do 17104 Korea Republic of Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Sogang University Seoul04107 Korea Republic of Department of Organic Materials Engineering Chungnam National University Daejeon34134 Korea Republic of Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering Inha University Incheon22212 Korea Republic of

Abstract Abandoned, lost, and discarded fishing gear (ALDFG) poses global challenges for marine ecosystems as they destroy algal forests, the largest oceanic carbon dioxide sinks. Biodegradable polybutylene succinate (PBS), which has a tensile toughness similar to that of nylon, has been suggested as a potential fishing-gear material. However, its slow degradation in the marine environment and limited draping characteristics need to be addressed before it can be used in environmentally friendly fishing gear. Inspired by the mussel byssus, a mussel-thread-like holdfast known for its stiff yet extensible mechanical properties, we developed fishing gear using a mussel-byssus-mimetic fiber (artificial byssus, AB) structure. The AB was composed of poly(butylene adipate-co-butylene terephthalate) (PBAT) fibers with favorable draping characteristics coated with mechanically resilient and PBS, which demonstrated sufficient toughness and draping properties for use in fishing gear. The AB may serve as fishing-gear material capable of mitigating ALDFG issues, given its marine degradability by microbial strains that degrade PBS and PBAT. Furthermore, it could serve as a substrate for ocean afforestation, given the improved settlement and growth of seaweed spores (Pyropia yezoensis) on AB. Overall, AB-based fishing gear is expected to enhance macroalgal forest conservation and expansion, and facilitate marine carbon capture through marine afforestation. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Butenes

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