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Characterization of Maximally Random Jammed Sphere Packings. III. Transport and Electromagnetic Properties via Correlation Functions

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Klatt, Michael A. Torquato, Salvatore Institute for Stochastics Englerstr. 2 Karlsruhe76131 Germany Department of Chemistry Department of Physics Princeton Inst. for the Sci. and Technol. of Mat. and Prog. in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States

In the first two papers of this series, we characterized the structure of maximally random jammed (MRJ) sphere packings across length scales by computing a variety of different correlation functions, spectral functions, hole probabilities, and local density uctuations. From the remarkable structural features of the MRJ packings, especially its disordered hyperuniformity, exceptional physical properties can be expected. Here, we employ these structural descriptors to estimate effective transport and electromagnetic properties via rigorous bounds, exact expansions, and accurate analytical approximation formulas. These property formulas include interfacial bounds as well as universal scaling laws for the mean survival time and the uid permeability. We also estimate the principal relaxation time associated with Brownian motion among perfectly absorbing \traps." For the propagation of electromagnetic waves in the long-wavelength limit, we show that a dispersion of dielectric MRJ spheres within a matrix of another dielectric material forms, to a very good approximation, a dissipationless disordered and isotropic two-phase medium for any phase dielectric contrast ratio. We compare the effective properties of the MRJ sphere packings to those of overlapping spheres, equilibrium hard-sphere packings, and lattices of hard spheres. Moreover, we generalize results to micro-And macroscopically anisotropic packings of spheroids with tensorial effective properties. The analytic bounds predict the qualitative trend in the physical properties associated with these structures, which provides guidance to more time-consuming simulations and experiments. They especially provide impetus for experiments to design materials with unique bulk properties resulting from hyperuniformity, including structural-color and color-sensing *** Codes 74Q20, 74A40, 74N15, 82D30, 62M30, 82D15, 74N05 Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Brownian movement

Quantum error correction using hypergraph States

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Balakuntala, Shashanka Paul, Goutam Department of Applied Mathematics and Computational Sciences PSG College of Technology Coimbatore641 004 India Cryptology and Security Research Unit R. C. Bose Centre for Cryptology and Security Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata700 108 India

Graph states have been used for quantum error correction by Schlingemann et al. [Physical Review A 65.1 (2001): 012308]. Hypergraph states [Physical Review A 87.2 (2013): 022311] are generalizations of graph states and they have been used in quantum algorithms. We for the first time demonstrate how hypergraph states can be used for quantum error correction. We also point out that they are more efficient than graph states in the sense that to correct equal number of errors on the same graph topology, suitably defined hypergraph states require less number of gate operations than the corresponding graph states. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Error correction

A metagenomic approach to dissect the genetic composition of enterotypes in Han Chinese and two Muslim groups

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Systematic and applied Microbiology 2018年第1期41卷 1-12页

作者： Li, Jing Fu, Ruiqing Yang, Yajun Horz, Hans-Peter Guan, Yaqun Lu, Yan Lou, Haiyi Tian, Lei Zheng, Shijie Liu, Hongjiao Shi, Meng Tang, Kun Wang, Sijia Xu, Shuhua Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Computational Biology Max Planck Independent Research Group on Population Genomics CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology (PICB) Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences CAS Shanghai 200031 China School of Life Science and Technology China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China Institute of Medical Microbiology RWTH Aachen University Hospital 52074 Aachen Germany Department of Biochemistry Preclinical Medicine College XinJiang Medical University Urumqi 830011 China Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 United States School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development Shanghai 200438 China

AbstractDistinct enterotypes have been observed in the human gut but little is known about the genetic basis of the microbiome. Moreover, it is not clear how many genetic differences exist between enterotypes within or between populations. In this study, both the 16S rRNA gene and the metagenomes of the gut microbiota were sequenced from 48 Han Chinese, 48 Kazaks, and 96 Uyghurs, and taxonomies were assigned after de novo assembly. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were also identified by referring to data from the Human Microbiome Project. Systematic analysis of the gut communities in terms of their abundance and genetic composition was also performed, together with a genome-wide association study of the host genomes. The gut microbiota of 192 subjects was clearly classified into two enterotypes ( Bacteroides and Prevotella). Interestingly, both enterotypes showed a clear genetic differentiation in terms of their functional catalogue of genes, especially for genes involved in amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism. In addition, several differentiated genera and genes were found among the three populations. Notably, one human variant (rs878394) was identified that showed significant association with the abundance of Prevotella, which is linked to LYPLAL1, a gene associated with body fat distribution, the waist-hip ratio and insulin sensitivity. Taken together, considerable differentiation was observed in gut microbes between enterotypes and among populations that was reflected in both the taxonomic composition and the genetic makeup of their functional genes, which could have been influenced by a variety of factors, such as diet and host genetic variation.

关键词： Metagenome Next-generation sequencing 16S rRNA Enterotype Genome-wide association study

Correction: CEPC Technical Design Report: Accelerator

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2024年第1期9卷 184-192页

作者： Abdallah, Waleed de Freitas, Tiago CarlosAdorno Afanaciev, Konstantin Ahmad, Shakeel Ahmed, Ijaz Ai, Xiaocong Aleem, Abid Altmannshofer, Wolfgang Alves, Fabio An, Weiming An, Rui Anderle, Daniele Paolo Antusch, Stefan Arai, Yasuo Arbuzov, Andrej Arhrib, Abdesslam Ashry, Mustafa Bai, Sha Bai, Yu Bai, Yang Bairathi, Vipul Balazs, Csaba Bambade, Philip Ban, Yong Bandyopadhyay, Triparno Bao, Shou-Shan Barber, Desmond P. Bat, Ays¸e Batozskaya, Varvara Behera, Subash Chandra Belyaev, Alexander Bertucci, Michele Bi, Xiao-Jun Bi, Yuanjie Bian, Tianjian Bianchi, Fabrizio Bieko¨tter, Thomas Biglietti, Michela Bilanishvili, Shalva Binglin, Deng Bodrov, Denis Bogomyagkov, Anton Bondarenko, Serge Boogert, Stewart Boonekamp, Maarten Borri, Marcello Bosotti, Angelo Boudry, Vincent Boukidi, Mohammed Boyko, Igor Bozovic, Ivanka Bozzi, Giuseppe Brient, Jean-Claude Budzinskaya, Anastasiia Bukhari, Masroor Bytev, Vladimir Cacciapaglia, Giacomo Cai, Hua Cai, Wenyong Cai, Wujun Cai, Yijian Cai, Yizhou Cai, Yuchen Cai, Haiying Cai, Huacheng Calibbi, Lorenzo Cang, Junsong Cao, Guofu Cao, Jianshe Chance, Antoine Chang, Xuejun Chang, Yue Chang, Zhe Chang, Xinyuan Chao, Wei Chatrabhuti, Auttakit Che, Yimin Che, Yuzhi Chen, Bin Chen, Danping Chen, Fuqing Chen, Fusan Chen, Gang Chen, Guoming Chen, Hua-Xing Chen, Huirun Chen, Jinhui Chen, Ji-Yuan Chen, Kai Chen, Mali Chen, Mingjun Chen, Mingshui Chen, Ning Chen, Shanhong Chen, Shanzhen Chen, Shao-Long Chen, Shaomin Chen, Shiqiang Chen, Tianlu Chen, Wei Chen, Xiang Chen, Xiaoyu Chen, Xin Chen, Xun Chen, Xurong Chen, Ye Chen, Ying Chen, Yukai Chen, Zelin Chen, Zilin Chen, Boping Chen, Chunhui Cheng, Hok Chuen Cheng, Huajie Cheng, Shan Cheng, Tongguang Chi, Yunlong Chimenti, Pietro Chiu, Wen Han Cho, Guk Chu, Ming-Chung Chu, Xiaotong Chu, Ziliang Coloretti, Guglielmo Crivellin, Andreas Cui, Hanhua Cui, Xiaohao Cui, Zhaoyuan D’Anzi, Brunella Dai, Ling-Yun Dai, Xinchen Dai, Xuwen De Maria, Antonio De Filippis, Nicola De La Taille, Christophe De Mori, Francesca De Sio, Chiara Del Core, Elisa Deng, Cairo University Giza Egypt Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University Suzhou China Institute of Power Engineering of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus Minsk Belarus Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH) Islamabad Pakistan Applied Physics Department Science and Technology Federal Urdu University of Arts Islamabad Pakistan Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz USA Nanjing University Nanjing China Beijing Normal University Beijing China Harvard University Cambridge USA South China Normal University Guangzhou China University of Basel Basel Switzerland High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) Tsukuba Japan Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Dubna Russia Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Université Abdelmalek Essaadi Tangier Morocco Southeast University Nanjing China Department of Physics University of Wisconsin–Madison Madison USA Instituto de Alta Investigación Universidad de Tarapacá Arica Chile Monash University Melbourne Australia Laboratoire de Physique des 2 infinis Irène Joliot-Curie – IJCLab Orsay France Peking University Beijing China Department of Physics and Nanotechnology SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur India Shandong University Jinan China University of New Mexico Albuquerque USA Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University Bandırma Turkey National Centre for Nuclear Research Warsaw Poland Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IN) Chennai India University of Southampton Southampton UK INFN Milano - LASA Segrate Italy Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing China INFN-University of Torino Turin Italy Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Theoretical Physics Karlsruhe Germany INFN-Sezione di Roma Tre Rome Italy Kutaisi International University Kutaisi Georgia Soochow University Suzhou China Budker Institute

Evolution of non-stationary pulses in a cold magnetized quark-gluon plasma

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Fogaça, D.A. Fariello, R. Navarra, F.S. Stepanyants, Y.A. Instituto de Física Universidade de São Paulo Rua do Matão Travessa R 187 São Paulo SP05508-090 Brazil Departamento de Ciências da Computação Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros Avenida Rui Braga sn Vila Mauriceia Montes Claros Minas Gerais39401-089 Brazil School of Agricultural Computational and Environmental Sciences University of Southern Queensland QLD4350 Australia Department of Applied Mathematics Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University Nizhny Novgorod603950 Russia

We study weakly nonlinear wave perturbations propagating in a cold nonrelativistic and magnetized ideal quark-gluon plasma. We show that such perturbations can be described by the Ostrovsky equation. The derivation of this equation is presented for the baryon density perturbations. Then we show that the generalised nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation can be derived from the Ostrovsky equation for the description of quasi-harmonic wave trains. This equation is modulationally stable for the wave number k m and unstable for k > km, where km is the wave number where the group velocity has a maximum. We study numerically the dynamics of initial wave packets with the different carrier wave numbers and demonstrate that depending on initial parameters they can evolve either into the NLS envelop solitons or into dispersive wave trains. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nonlinear equations

The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Constraints on Cosmic Birefringence

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Namikawa, Toshiya Guan, Yilun Darwish, Omar Sherwin, Blake D. Aiola, Simone Battaglia, Nicholas Beall, James A. Becker, Daniel T. Bond, J. Richard Calabrese, Erminia Chesmore, Grace E. Choi, Steve K. Sifón, Cristóbal Devlin, Mark J. Dunkley, Joanna Dünner, Rolando Fox, Anna E. Gallardo, Patricio A. Gluscevic, Vera Han, Dongwon Hasselfield, Matthew Hilton, Gene C. Hincks, Adam D. Hložek, Renée Hubmayr, Johannes Huffenberger, Kevin Hughes, John P. Koopman, Brian J. Kosowsky, Arthur Louis, Thibaut Lungu, Marius MacInnis, Amanda Madhavacheril, Mathew S. Mallaby-Kay, Maya Maurin, Loïc McMahon, Jeffrey Moodley, Kavilan Naess, Sigurd Nati, Federico Newburgh, Laura B. Nibarger, John P. Niemack, Michael D. Page, Lyman A. Qu, Frank J. Robertson, Naomi Schillaci, Alessandro Sehgal, Neelima Simon, Sara M. Spergel, David N. Staggs, Suzanne T. Storer, Emilie R. van Engelen, Alexander van Lanen, Jeff Wollack, Edward J. Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics University of Cambridge Wilberforce Road CambridgeCB3 0WA United Kingdom Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA15260 United States Center for Computational Astrophysics Flatiron Institute 162 5th Avenue New YorkNY10010 United States Department of Astronomy Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States National Institute of Standards and Technology 325 Broadway BoulderCO80305 United States Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics University of Toronto TorontoONM5S 3H8 Canada School of Physics and Astronomy Cardiff University CardiffCF10 3AT United Kingdom Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Astronomy Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States Instituto de Física Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso CasillaValparaíso4059 Chile Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pennsylvania 209 South 33rd Street PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States Department of Astrophysical Sciences Princeton University 4 Ivy Lane PrincetonNJ08544 United States Joseph Henry Laboratories of Physics Jadwin Hall Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Instituto de Astrofísica Centro de Astro-Ingeniería Facultad de Física Pontificia Spain Universidad Católica de Chile Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860 Macul Santiago7820436 Chile Department of Physics Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Southern California Los AngelesCA90089-0484 United States Physics and Astronomy Department Stony Brook University Stony BrookNY11794 United States Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics 60 St George St TorontoONM5S 3H8 Canada Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics University of Toronto 50 St George Street TorontoONM5S 3H4 Canada David A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of Toronto 50

We present new constraints on anisotropic birefringence of the cosmic microwave background polarization using two seasons of data from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope covering 456 square degrees of sky. The birefringence power spectrum, measured using a curved-sky quadratic estimator, is consistent with zero. Our results provide the tightest current constraint on birefringence over a range of angular scales between 5 arcminutes and 9 degrees. We improve previous upper limits on the amplitude of a scale-invariant birefringence power spectrum by a factor of between 2 and 3. Assuming a nearly-massless axion field during inflation, our result is equivalent to a 2σ upper limit on the Chern-Simons coupling constant between axions and photons of gαγ −2/HI where HI is the inflationary Hubble scale. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Birefringence

Perspective: Energy Landscapes for Machine Learning

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Ballard, Andrew J. Das, Ritankar Martiniani, Stefano Mehta, Dhagash Sagun, Levent Stevenson, Jacob D. Wales, David J. University Chemical Laboratories Lensfield Road CambridgeCB2 1EW United Kingdom Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics University of Notre Dame IN United States Mathematics Department Courant Institute New York University NY United States Microsoft Research Ltd 21 Station Road CambridgeCB1 2FB United Kingdom

Machine learning techniques are being increasingly used as flexible non-linear fitting and prediction tools in the physical sciences. Fitting functions that exhibit multiple solutions as local minima can be analysed in terms of the corresponding machine learning landscape. Methods to explore and visualise molecular potential energy landscapes can be applied to these machine learning landscapes to gain new insight into the solution space involved in training and the nature of the corresponding predictions. In particular, we can define quantities analogous to molecular structure, thermodynamics, and kinetics, and relate these emergent properties to the structure of the underlying landscape. This Perspective aims to describe these analogies with examples from recent applications, and suggest avenues for new interdisciplinary research. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Potential energy

Understanding Rollover Data

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Understanding Rollover Data

IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops

作者： Liang Zheng Carlee Joe-Wong Department of Electrical Engineering Princeton University USA Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781467399562

Internet service providers (ISPs) have been facing heavy competition to attract more users in the mobile data market, along with growing operational costs. Most mobile data plans charge users a fixed fee for a monthly data quota, and any unused data at the end of each month will be wasted. In the beginning of 2015, both AT&T and T-Mobile reinstated rollover data plans with constrained eligibility. Users could then keep the unused portion of their monthly data quotas for use in a future month(s). In this work, we evaluate the benefits of rollover data for both ISPs and users as well as identify the types of users who would upgrade to rollover data plans. To do so, we consider two alternatives: a smaller data plan without rollover data, and a more expensive data plan with larger monthly quota that does include rollover data. We find that moderately price-sensitive users benefit from rollover data: price-insensitive users would not have any data to rollover, while extremely price-sensitive users would not find the rollover data worth its higher cost. Under specific bounds on the size of the rollover data plan's monthly quota, we find that users can obtain more utility and ISPs can profit from rollover data, which is verified on one year of usage data from a U.S. ISP.

关键词： Mobile communication Data models Pricing Conferences Switches Aggregates Computers

Infimal convolution regularisation functionals of BV and Lp spaces. The case p = ∞ 27th

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Infimal convolution regularisation functionals of BV and Lp ...

27th IFIP TC7 Conference on System Modeling and Optimization, CSMO 2015

作者： Burger, Martin Papafitsoros, Konstantinos Papoutsellis, Evangelos Schönlieb, Carola-Bibiane Institute for Computational and Applied Mathematics University of Münster Münster Germany Weierstrass Institute for Applied Analysis and Stochastics Berlin Germany Laboratoire MAPMO Fédération Denis Poisson Université d’Orléans Orléans France Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9783319557946

In this paper we analyse an infimal convolution type regularisation functional called TVL∞ , based on the total variation (TV) and the L ∞ norm of the gradient. The functional belongs to a more general family of TVLp functionals (1 ∞ functional promotes piecewise affine structures in the reconstructed images similar to the state of the art total generalised variation (TGV) but improving upon preservation of hat–like structures. We also propose a spatially adapted version of our model that produces results comparable to TGV and allows space for further improvement. © IFIP International Federation for Information Processing 2016.

关键词： Convolution