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A review on the versatile applications of plant-based essential oils in food flavoring, culinary uses and health benefits

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Discover Food 2025年第1期5卷 1-17页

作者： Hassid, Alissar Salla, Mohamed Krayem, Maha Khaled, Sanaa Hassan, Hussein F. El Khatib, Sami Department of Food Sciences and Technology School of Arts and Sciences Lebanese International University Beirut Lebanon Department of Biological Sciences School of Arts and Sciences Lebanese International University Beirut Lebanon Nutrition Program Department of Natural Sciences School of Arts and Sciences Lebanese American University Beirut Lebanon Center for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics (CAMB) at Gulf University for Science and Technology Mubarak Al-Abdullah Kuwait

Plant-based essential oils are complex natural products composed of volatile compounds with wide applications in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Their bioactive properties, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects, make them promising candidates for food flavoring, preservation, and therapeutic uses. Variations in chemical composition are influenced by geographical, climatic, and extraction factors, necessitating further investigation into their functional roles. This review aims to explore the versatile applications of plant-based essential oils, emphasizing their use in food flavoring, culinary practices, and health benefits. The paper highlights their potential as natural preservatives, flavor enhancers, and bioactive agents, while also addressing challenges such as toxicity, allergenicity, and interactions with food components. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to analyze studies on the extraction methods, chemical compositions, and biological activities of essential oils. Data was gathered to evaluate their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and preservative properties, along with their impact on food quality and safety. Essential oils exhibit significant antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, enabling their use as natural preservatives in food systems, active packaging, and edible coatings. Their incorporation into products such as cheese, ice cream, and beverages has demonstrated enhanced sensory attributes and prolonged shelf life. Encapsulation techniques have shown promise in minimizing interactions with food matrices, ensuring stability, and preserving bioactivity. Plant-based essential oils represent versatile natural additives with functional and sensory benefits. Their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and flavor-enhancing properties support their use in food preservation and flavoring. Encapsulation techniques effectively address challenges related to solubility and stability, enhancing their practical applications

关键词： Food preservatives

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A physics informed neural network approach to simulating ice dynamics governed by the shallow ice approximation

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Chawla, Kapil Holmes, William Department of Mathematics Institute for Scientific Computing and Applied Mathematics Indiana University IN47405 United States Department of Mathematics Cognitive Science Program Indiana University IN47405 United States

In this article we develop a Physics Informed Neural Network (PINN) approach to simulate ice sheet dynamics governed by the Shallow Ice Approximation. This problem takes the form of a time-dependent parabolic obstacle problem [17]. Prior work has used this approach to address the stationary obstacle problem and here we extend it to the time dependent problem [4]. Through comprehensive 1D and 2D simulations, we validate the model’s effectiveness in capturing complex free-boundary conditions. By merging traditional mathematical modeling with cutting-edge deep learning methods, this approach provides a scalable and robust solution for predicting temporal variations in ice thickness. To illustrate this approach in a real world setting, we simulate the dynamics of the Devon Ice Cap, incorporating aerogeophysical data from 2000 [6] and 2018 [22]. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Approximation theory

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Can One Hear the Shape of a Crystal?

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Wang, Haina Torquato, Salvatore Department of Chemistry Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Department of Physics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Princeton Materials Institute Princeton University PrincetonNJ08540 United States Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics PrincetonNJ08544 United States

Isospectrality is a general fundamental concept often involving whether various operators can have identical spectra, i.e., the same set of eigenvalues. In the context of the Laplacian operator, the famous question "Can one hear the shape of a drum?" concerns whether different shaped drums can have the same vibrational modes. The isospectrality of a lattice in d-dimensional Euclidean space Rd is a tantamount to whether it is uniquely determined by its theta series, i.e., the radial distribution function g2(r). While much is known about the isospectrality of Bravais lattices across dimensions, little is known about this question of more general crystal (periodic) structures with an n-particle basis (n ≥ 2). Here, we ask, What is nmin(d), the minimum value of n for inequivalent (i.e., unrelated by isometric symmetries) crystals with the same theta function in space dimension d? To answer these questions, we use rigorous methods as well as a precise numerical algorithm that enables us to determine the minimum multi-particle basis of inequivalent isospectral crystals. Our algorithm identifies isospectral 4-, 3- and 2-particle bases in one, two and three spatial dimensions, respectively. For many of these isospectral crystals, we rigorously show that they indeed possess identical g2(r) up to infinite r. Based on our analyses, we conjecture that nmin(d) = 4, 3, 2 for d = 1, 2, 3, respectively. The identification of isospectral crystals enables one to study the degeneracy of the ground-state under the action of isotropic pair potentials. Indeed, using inverse statistical-mechanical techniques, we find an isotropic pair potential whose low-temperature configurations in two dimensions obtained via simulated annealing can lead to both of two isospectral crystal structures with n = 3, the proportion of which can be controlled by the cooling rate. Our findings provide general insights into the structural and ground-state degeneracies of crystal structures as determined by radia

关键词： Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions

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Application of Fibonacci wavelets using operational matrix and differential transform method to study rectangular porous fin for nonlinear temperature in moving condition

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Ain Shams Engineering Journal 2025年第7期16卷

作者： Iqbal, Azhar Vivek Akram, Tayyaba Koh, Wei Sin Alsharif, Abdullah M. Mathematics and Natural Sciences Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University Al Khobar31952 Saudi Arabia Applied Sciences and Humanities Department Institute of Engineering and Technology An Autonomous Constituent Institute of Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University U.P. Lucknow226021 India Department of Mathematics King Fahd University of Petroleum Minerals Dhahran Saudi Arabia Interdisciplinary Research Center for Biosystems and Machines King Fahd University of Petroleum Minerals Dhahran Saudi Arabia Faculty of Business and Communications INTI International University Negeri Sembilan Nilai71800 Malaysia Department of Mathematics and Statistics College of Science Taif University P. O. Box 11099 Taif21944 Saudi Arabia

In this study, a novel numerical technique, the Fibonacci Wavelet Collocation Method (FWCM), is developed to analyze the nonlinear temperature distribution in a permeable moving fin within a rectangular domain. The governing highly nonlinear ordinary differential equation is formulated using Darcy's model and solved using FWCM and the Differential Transformation Method (DTM). The accuracy and efficiency of FWCM are validated by comparing its results with exact solutions and DTM. The proposed method demonstrates superior accuracy, achieving deviations of less than 0.001% from exact solutions, while DTM exhibits relatively higher errors. Additionally, FWCM requires 40% fewer computational resources compared to conventional numerical techniques, making it a more efficient alternative for solving complex heat transfer problems. The impact of key physical parameters on temperature distribution is analyzed through graphical and tabular representations. The findings confirm the robustness of FWCM in handling highly nonlinear ordinary differential equations, making it a promising approach for engineering applications involving heat transfer in porous media. © 2025 The Author(s)

关键词： Ordinary differential equations

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A Traffic Evacuation Model for Enhancing Resilience During Railway Disruption

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Ge, Hangli Yang, Xiaojie Chen, Jinyu Flammini, Francesco Koshizuka, Noboru Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Information Studies The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Ulisse Dini University of Florence Florence Italy IDSIA USI-SUPSI University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland Lugano Switzerland

This paper introduces a traffic evacuation model for railway disruptions to improve resilience. The research focuses on the problem of failure of several nodes or lines on the railway network topology. We proposed a holistic approach that integrates lines of various operator companies as well as external geographical features of the railway system. The optimized evacuation model was mathematically derived based on matrix computation using nonlinear programming. The model also takes into account the capacity of the surrounding evacuation stations, as well as the travel cost. Moreover, our model can flexibly simulate disruptions at multiple stations or any number of stations and lines, enhancing its applicability. We collected the large-scale railway network of the Greater Tokyo area for experimentation and evaluation. We simulated evacuation plans for several major stations, including Tokyo, Shinjuku, and Shibuya. The results indicate that the evacuation passenger flow (EPF) and the average travel time (ATT) during emergencies were optimized, staying within both the capacity limits of the targeted neighboring stations and the disruption recovery time. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Nonlinear programming

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On the relationship between r and R₀ and its role in the bifurcation of stable equilibria of Darwinian matrix models

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Journal of Biological Dynamics 2011年第3期5卷 277-297页

作者： Cushing, J.M. Department of Mathematics Interdisciplinary Program in Applied Mathematics University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 United States

If the demographic parameters in a matrix model for the dynamics of a structured population are dependent on a parameter u, then the population growth rate r = r(u) and the net reproductive number R₀ = R₀(u) are functions of u. For a general matrix model, we showthat r and R₀ share critical values and extrema at values u = u^* for which r(u^*) = R₀(u^*) = 1. This allows us to re-interpret, in terms of the more analytically tractable quantity R₀, a fundamental bifurcation theorem for non-linear Darwinian matrix models from the evolutionary game theory that concerns the destabilization of the extinction equilibrium and creation of positive equilibria. Two illustrations are given: a theoretical study of trade-offs between fertility and survivorship in the evolution of an evolutionarily stable strategies and an application to an experimental study of the evolution to a genetic polymorphism. © 2011 Taylor & Francis.

关键词： Bifurcation Darwinian matrix models Equilibria Net reproductive number The evolutionary game theory

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Existence of Nonequilibrium Glasses in the Degenerate Stealthy Hyperuniform Ground-State Manifold

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Torquato, Salvatore Kim, Jaeuk Department of Chemistry Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Department of Physics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Princeton Materials Institute Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States

Stealthy interactions are an emerging class of nontrivial, bounded long-ranged oscillatory pair potentials with classical ground states that can be disordered, hyperuniform, and infinitely degenerate. Their hybrid crystal-liquid nature endows them with novel physical properties with advantages over their crystalline counterparts. Here, we show the existence of nonequilibrium hard-sphere glasses within this unusual ground-state manifold as the stealthiness parameter χ tends to zero that are remarkably configurationally extremely close to hyperuniform 3D maximally random jammed (MRJ) sphere packings. The latter are prototypical glasses since they are maximally disordered, perfectly rigid, and perfectly nonergodic. Our optimization procedure, which leverages the maximum cardinality of the infinite ground-state set, not only guarantees that our packings are hyperuniform with the same structure-factor scaling exponent as the MRJ state, but they share other salient structural attributes, including a packing fraction of 0.638, a mean contact number per particle of 6, gap exponent of 0.44(1), and pair correlation functions g2(r) and structures factors S(k) that are virtually identical to one another for all r and k, respectively. Moreover, we demonstrate that stealthy hyperuniform packings can be created within the disordered regime (0 © 2025, CC0.

关键词： Liquid crystals

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Effective Transport and Mechanical Properties of Two-Phase Materials Across the Order-Disorder Spectrum

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Skolnick, Murray Torquato, Salvatore Department of Chemistry Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Department of Physics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Princeton Institute of Materials Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States

Two-phase heterogeneous materials arise in a plethora of natural and synthetic situations, such as alloys, composites, geological media, complex fluids, and biological media, exhibit a wide-variety of microstructures, and thus display a broad-spectrum of effective physical properties. Elucidating how microstructural details (e.g., specific surface, phase volume fractions, geometries, and topologies) influence two-phase materials’ effective transport and mechanical properties enhances our fundamental understanding of microstructure-property relationships, and is of great practical use in the design of structural and functional materials. Here, we compute the three-point microstructural parameters ζ2 and η2 for phase 2 to evaluate bounds and accurate approximation formulas on the effective thermal/electrical conductivities σe as well as the bulk Ke and shear Ge moduli of a wide class of disordered 2D and 3D material microstructures;including various dispersions of hard and penetrable particles, certain amorphous dispersions, and networks. These parameters are determined using a Monte Carlo integration scheme that incorporates certain algorithmic enhancements that improve upon the accuracy and performance of previous methods. Our results reveal that ζ2 and η2 are sensitive to the phase-connectedness properties of microstructures. Using numerical simulations and rigorous approximations that incorporate ζ2 and η2, we show that certain disordered microstructures nearly realize the Hashin-Shtrikman lower and upper bounds on σe, Ke, and Ge across volume-fractions. We also describe how our algorithm can be used in inverse methodologies to realize ordered and disordered materials with desirable effective physical properties by targeting specific values of ζ2 and η2, and hence aid in materials by design. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Inverse problems

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Principal Curvatures Estimation with Applications to Single Cell Data

Principal Curvatures Estimation with Applications to Single ...

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2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2025

作者： Zhang, Yanlei Mezrag, Lydia Sun, Xingzhi Xu, Charles Macdonald, Kincaid Bhaskar, Dhananjay Krishnaswamy, Smita Wolf, Guy Rieck, Bastian Université de Montréal Dept. of Math. & Stat Canada Mila - Quebec AI Institute MontréalQC Canada Yale University Dept. of Comp. Sci. United States Dept. of Genetics United States Applied Mathematics Program New HavenCT United States Université de Fribourg Department of Informatics FR Fribourg Switzerland Helmholtz Zentrum München Institute of AI for Health BY Munich Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368741

The rapidly growing field of single-cell transcriptomic sequencing (scRNAseq) presents challenges for data analysis due to its massive datasets. A common method in manifold learning consists in hypothesizing that datasets lie on a lower dimensional manifold. This allows to study the geometry of point clouds by extracting meaningful descriptors like curvature. In this work, we will present Adaptive Local PCA (AdaL-PCA), a data-driven method for accurately estimating various notions of intrinsic curvature on data manifolds, in particular principal curvatures for surfaces. The model relies on local PCA to estimate the tangent spaces. The evaluation of AdaL-PCA on sampled surfaces shows state-of-the-art results. Combined with a PHATE embedding, the model applied to single-cell RNA sequencing data allows us to identify key variations in the cellular differentiation. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Gaussian curvature Principal curvature principal directions single-cell

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Three-dimensional construction of hyperuniform, nonhyperuniform, and antihyperuniform disordered heterogeneous materials and their transport properties via spectral density functions

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Physical Review E 2025年第3期111卷 035310-035310页

作者： Wenlong Shi Yang Jiao Salvatore Torquato Materials Science and Engineering Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287 USA Department of Physics Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287 USA Department of Chemistry Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA Department of Physics Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA Princeton Institute of Materials Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA

Rigorous theories connecting physical properties of a heterogeneous material to its microstructure offer a promising avenue to guide the computational material design and optimization. The spectral density function χ̃V(k), which can be obtained experimentally from scattering data, enables accurate determination of various transport and wave propagation characteristics, including the time-dependent diffusion spreadability S(t) and effective dynamic dielectric constant εe for electromagnetic wave propagation. Moreover, χ̃V(k) determines rigorous upper bounds on the fluid permeability K. Given the importance of χ̃V(k), we present here an efficient Fourier-space based computational framework to construct three-dimensional (3D) statistically isotropic two-phase heterogeneous materials corresponding to targeted spectral density functions. In particular, we employ a variety of analytical functional forms for χ̃V(k) that satisfy all known necessary conditions to construct disordered stealthy hyperuniform, standard hyperuniform, nonhyperuniform, and antihyperuniform two-phase heterogeneous material systems at varying phase volume fractions. We show that by tuning the correlations in the system across length scales via the targeted functions, one can generate a rich spectrum of distinct structures within each of the above classes of materials. Importantly, we present the first realization of antihyperuniform two-phase heterogeneous materials in 3D, which are characterized by autocovariance function χV(r) with a power-law tail, resulting in microstructures that contain clusters of dramatically different sizes and morphologies. We also determine the diffusion spreadability S(t) and estimate the fluid permeability K associated with all of the constructed materials directly from the corresponding spectral densities. Although it is well established that the long-time asymptotic scaling behavior of S(t) only depends on the functional form of χ̃V(k), with the stealthy hyperuniform a

关键词： Spectral density

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