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arXiv 2020年

作者： Middlemas, Timothy M. Torquato, Salvatore Department of Chemistry Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Department of Physics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States

Disordered stealthy many-particle systems in d-dimensional Euclidean space Rd are exotic amorphous states of matter that suppress any single scattering events for a finite range of wavenumbers around the origin in reciprocal space. They are currently the subject of intense fundamental and practical interest. We derive analytical formulas for the nearest-neighbor functions of disordered stealthy many-particle systems. First, we analyze asymptotic small-r approximations and expansions of the nearest-neighbor functions based on the pseudo-hard-sphere ansatz. We then consider the problem of determining how many of the standard n-point correlation functions are needed to determine the nearest neighbor functions, and find that a finite number suffice. Via theoretical and computational methods, we are able to compare the large-r behavior of these functions for disordered stealthy systems to those belonging to crystalline lattices. Such ordered and disordered stealthy systems have bounded hole sizes, and thus compact support for their nearest-neighbor functions. However, we find that the approach to the critical-hole size can be quantitatively different, emphasizing the importance of hole statistics in distinguishing ordered and disordered stealthy configurations. We argue that the probability of finding a hole close to the critical-hole size should decrease as a power law with an exponent only dependent on the space dimension d for ordered systems, but that this probability decays asymptotically faster for disordered systems, with either an increase in the exponent of the power law or a crossover into a decay faster than any power law. This implies that holes close to the critical-hole size are rarer in disordered systems. The rarity of observing large holes in disordered systems creates substantial numerical difficulties in sampling the nearest neighbor distributions near the critical-hole size. This motivates both the need for new computational methods for efficient samp

关键词： computational methods

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Constraints on axionlike polarization oscillations in the cosmic microwave background with POLARBEAR

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Physical Review D 2023年第4期108卷 043017-043017页

作者： Shunsuke Adachi Tylor Adkins Kam Arnold Carlo Baccigalupi Darcy Barron Kolen Cheung Yuji Chinone Kevin T. Crowley Josquin Errard Giulio Fabbian Chang Feng Raphael Flauger Takuro Fujino Daniel Green Masaya Hasegawa Masashi Hazumi Daisuke Kaneko Nobuhiko Katayama Brian Keating Akito Kusaka Adrian T. Lee Yuto Minami Haruki Nishino Christian L. Reichardt Praween Siritanasak Jacob Spisak Osamu Tajima Satoru Takakura Sayuri Takatori Grant Paul Teply Kyohei Yamada Hakubi Center for Advanced Research Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8501 Japan Department of Physics Faculty of Science Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8502 Japan Department of Physics University of California Berkeley Berkeley California 94720 USA Department of Physics University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 USA Astrophysics and Cosmology The International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA) Trieste 34136 Italy Astrophysics and Cosmology Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe (IFPU) Trieste 34151 Italy Astrophysics and Cosmology The National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN) Trieste 34127 Italy Department of Physics and Astronomy University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico 87131 USA Space Sciences Laboratory University of California Berkeley Berkeley California 94720 USA Computational Cosmology Center Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA QUP (WPI) KEK Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI) UTIAS The University of Tokyo Kashiwa Chiba 277-8583 Japan Université de Paris Cité CNRS Astroparticule et Cosmologie F-75013 Paris France Center for Computational Astrophysics Flatiron Institute New York New York 10003 USA School of Physics and Astronomy Cardiff University Cardiff CF24 3AA United Kingdom Department of Astronomy School of Physical Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China Graduate School of Engineering Science Yokohama National University Yokohama 240-8501 Japan Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies (IPNS) High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) Tsukuba 305-0801 Japan SOKENDAI SOKENDAI Tsukuba 305-0801 Japan Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) Sagamihara 252-5210 Japan Physics Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA Department of Physics The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113

Very light pseudoscalar fields, often referred to as axions, are compelling dark matter candidates and can potentially be detected through their coupling to the electromagnetic field. Recently a novel detection technique using the cosmic microwave background (CMB) was proposed, which relies on the fact that the axion field oscillates at a frequency equal to its mass in appropriate units, leading to a time-dependent birefringence. For appropriate oscillation periods this allows the axion field at the telescope to be detected via the induced sinusoidal oscillation of the CMB linear polarization. We search for this effect in two years of POLARBEAR data. We do not detect a signal, and place a median 95% upper limit of 0.65° on the sinusoid amplitude for oscillation frequencies between 0.02 days−1 and 0.45 days−1, which corresponds to axion masses between 9.6×10−22 eV and 2.2×10−20 eV. Under the assumptions that (1) the axion constitutes all the dark matter and (2) the axion field amplitude is a Rayleigh-distributed stochastic variable, this translates to a limit on the axion-photon coupling gϕγ<2.4×10−11 GeV−1×(mϕ/10−21 eV).

关键词： Cosmic microwave background Cosmology Dark matter Particle astrophysics Particle dark matter Axions

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Search for the Majorana Nature of Neutrinos in the Inverted Mass Ordering Region with KamLAND-Zen

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Physical Review Letters 2023年第5期130卷 051801-051801页

作者： S. Abe S. Asami M. Eizuka S. Futagi A. Gando Y. Gando T. Gima A. Goto T. Hachiya K. Hata S. Hayashida K. Hosokawa K. Ichimura S. Ieki H. Ikeda K. Inoue K. Ishidoshiro Y. Kamei N. Kawada Y. Kishimoto M. Koga M. Kurasawa N. Maemura T. Mitsui H. Miyake T. Nakahata K. Nakamura R. Nakamura H. Ozaki T. Sakai H. Sambonsugi I. Shimizu J. Shirai K. Shiraishi A. Suzuki Y. Suzuki A. Takeuchi K. Tamae K. Ueshima H. Watanabe Y. Yoshida S. Obara A. K. Ichikawa D. Chernyak A. Kozlov K. Z. Nakamura S. Yoshida Y. Takemoto S. Umehara K. Fushimi K. Kotera Y. Urano B. E. Berger B. K. Fujikawa J. G. Learned J. Maricic S. N. Axani J. Smolsky Z. Fu L. A. Winslow Y. Efremenko H. J. Karwowski D. M. Markoff W. Tornow S. Dell’Oro T. O’Donnell J. A. Detwiler S. Enomoto M. P. Decowski C. Grant A. Li H. Song Research Center for Neutrino Science Tohoku University Sendai 980-8578 Japan Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI) The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study The University of Tokyo Kashiwa Chiba 277-8583 Japan Graduate Program on Physics for the Universe Tohoku University Sendai 980-8578 Japan Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences Tohoku University Sendai 980-8578 Japan Department of Physics Tohoku University Sendai 980-8578 Japan Kyoto University Department of Physics Kyoto 606-8502 Japan Graduate School of Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan Research Center for Nuclear Physics Osaka University Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan Department of Physics Tokushima University Tokushima 770-8506 Japan Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima 770-8502 Japan Nuclear Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu Hawaii 96822 USA Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee 37996 USA Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory Durham North Carolina 27708 USA Physics Departments at Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708 USA North Carolina Central University Durham North Carolina 27707 USA and The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599 USA Center for Neutrino Physics Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg Virginia 24061 USA Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam Science Park Amsterdam Netherlands Boston University Boston Massachusetts 02215 USA

The KamLAND-Zen experiment has provided stringent constraints on the neutrinoless double-beta (0νββ) decay half-life in Xe136 using a xenon-loaded liquid scintillator. We report an improved search using an upgraded detector with almost double the amount of xenon and an ultralow radioactivity container, corresponding to an exposure of 970 kg yr of Xe136. These new data provide valuable insight into backgrounds, especially from cosmic muon spallation of xenon, and have required the use of novel background rejection techniques. We obtain a lower limit for the 0νββ decay half-life of T1/20ν>2.3×1026 yr at 90% C.L., corresponding to upper limits on the effective Majorana neutrino mass of 36–156 meV using commonly adopted nuclear matrix element calculations.

关键词： Neutrinoless double beta decay

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Optimized large hyperuniform binary colloidal suspensions in two dimensions

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Ma, Zheng Lomba, Enrique Torquato, Salvatore Department of Physics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano CSIC Calle Serrano 119 MadridE-28006 Spain Department of Chemistry Department of Physics Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States

The creation of disordered hyperuniform materials with potentially extraordinary optical properties requires a capacity to synthesize large samples that are effectively hyperuniform down to the nanoscale. Motivated by this challenge, we propose a fabrication protocol using binary paramagnetic colloidal particles confined in a 2D plane. The strong and long-ranged dipolar interaction induced by a tunable magnetic field is free from screening effects that attenuates long-ranged electrostatic interactions in charged colloidal systems. Specifically, we find a family of optimal size ratios that makes the two-phase system effectively hyperuniform. We show that hyperuniformity is a general consequence of low isothermal compressibilities, which makes our protocol suitable to systems with other long-ranged soft interactions, dimensionalities and/or polydispersity. Our methodology paves the way to synthesize large photonic hyperuniform materials that function in the visible to infrared range and hence may accelerate the discovery of novel photonic materials. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Suspensions (fluids)

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Corrigendum to "Synergetic effect of bismuth vanadate over copolymerized carbon nitride composites for highly efficient photocatalytic H2 and O2 generation" [J. Colloid Interface Sci. 627 (2022) 621-629]

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Journal of colloid and interface science 2022年第PT A期628卷 366-367页

作者： Asif Hayat Muhammad Sohail T A Taha Sunil Kumar Baburao Mane Abdullah G Al-Sehemi Ahmed A Al-Ghamdi W I Nawawi Arkom Palamanit Mohammed A Amin Ahmed M Fallatah Zeeshan Ajmal Hamid Ali Wasim Ullah Khan Muhammad Wajid Shah Javid Khan S Wageh State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350116 China. Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou) University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Huzhou 313001 China. Physics Department College of Science Jouf University P.O. Box: 2014 Sakaka Saudi Arabia Physics and Engineering Mathematics Department Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufia University Menouf 32952 Egypt. Department of Chemistry Khaja Bandanawaz University Kalaburagi Karnataka 585104 India. Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS) King Khalid University P.O. Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia Department of Chemistry College of Science King Khalid University P.O. Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia. Department of Physics Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia. Faculty of Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Perlis Arau Perlis 02600 Malaysia. Energy Technology Program Department of Specialized Engineering Faculty of Engineering Prince of Songkla University 15 Karnjanavanich Rd. Hat Yai Songkhla 90110 Thailand. Department of Chemistry College of Science Taif University P.O. Box 11099 Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xian 710072 China. Multiscale Computational Materials Facility Key Laboratory of Eco-Materials Advanced Technology College of Materials Science and Engineering Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350100 China. State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies School of Materials Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China. Electronic address: wasimullah89@***. School Of Chemistry Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China. Electronic address: m.wajidshah@***. College of Materials Science and Engineering Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China. Electronic address: javidchemist@yahoo.com.

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First measurement of the strange axial coupling constant using neutral-current quasielastic interactions of atmospheric neutrinos at KamLAND

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Physical Review D 2023年第7期107卷 072006-072006页

作者： S. Abe S. Asami M. Eizuka S. Futagi A. Gando Y. Gando T. Gima A. Goto T. Hachiya K. Hata K. Ichimura S. Ieki H. Ikeda K. Inoue K. Ishidoshiro Y. Kamei N. Kawada Y. Kishimoto M. Koga M. Kurasawa T. Mitsui H. Miyake T. Nakahata K. Nakamura R. Nakamura H. Ozaki T. Sakai I. Shimizu J. Shirai K. Shiraishi A. Suzuki Y. Suzuki A. Takeuchi K. Tamae H. Watanabe Y. Yoshida S. Obara A. K. Ichikawa S. Yoshida S. Umehara K. Fushimi K. Kotera Y. Urano B. E. Berger B. K. Fujikawa J. G. Learned J. Maricic S. N. Axani Z. Fu J. Smolsky L. A. Winslow Y. Efremenko H. J. Karwowski D. M. Markoff W. Tornow J. A. Detwiler S. Enomoto M. P. Decowski C. Grant A. Li H. Song S. Dell’Oro T. O’Donnell Research Center for Neutrino Science Tohoku University Sendai 980-8578 Japan Department of Human Science Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Obihiro 080-8555 Japan Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI) The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study The University of Tokyo Kashiwa Chiba 277-8583 Japan Graduate Program on Physics for the Universe Tohoku University Sendai 980-8578 Japan Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences Tohoku University Sendai 980-8578 Japan Department of Physics Tohoku University Sendai 980-8578 Japan Graduate School of Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan Research Center for Nuclear Physics Osaka University Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan Department of Physics Tokushima University Tokushima 770-8506 Japan Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima 770-8502 Japan Nuclear Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu Hawaii 96822 USA University of Delaware Newark Delaware 19716 USA Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee 37996 USA Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory Durham North Carolina 27708 USA Physics Departments at Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708 USA North Carolina Central University Durham North Carolina 27707 USA and The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599 USA Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam Science Park Amsterdam The Netherlands Boston University Boston Massachusetts 02215 USA Center for Neutrino Physics Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg Virginia 24061 US

We report a measurement of the strange axial coupling constant gAs using atmospheric neutrino data at KamLAND. This constant is a component of the axial form factor of the neutral-current quasielastic (NCQE) interaction. The value of gAs significantly changes the ratio of proton and neutron NCQE cross sections. KamLAND is suitable for measuring NCQE interactions as it can detect nucleon recoils with low-energy thresholds and measure neutron multiplicity with high efficiency. KamLAND data, including the information on neutron multiplicity associated with the NCQE interactions, makes it possible to measure gAs with a suppressed dependence on the axial mass MA, which has not yet been determined. For a comprehensive prediction of the neutron emission associated with neutrino interactions, we establish a simulation of particle emission via nuclear deexcitation of C12, a process not considered in existing neutrino Monte Carlo event generators. Energy spectrum fitting for each neutron multiplicity gives gAs=−0.14−0.26+0.25, which is the most stringent limit obtained using NCQE interactions without MA constraints. The two-body current contribution considered in this analysis relies on a theoretically effective model and electron scattering experiments and requires future verification by direct measurements and future model improvement.

关键词： Neutrinos

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Concurrency measures in the era of temporal network epidemiology: A review

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Masuda, Naoki Miller, Joel C. Holme, Petter Department of Mathematics State University of New York Buffalo United States Computational and Data-Enabled Science and Engineering Program State University of New York Buffalo United States School of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences La Trobe University Australia Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama226-8503 Japan

Diseases spread over temporal networks of interaction events between individuals. Structures of these temporal networks hold the keys to understanding epidemic propagation. One early concept of the literature to aid in discussing these structures is concurrency-quantifying individuals' tendency to form time-overlapping "partnerships". Although conflicting evaluations and an overabundance of operational definitions have marred the history of concurrency, it remains important, especially in the area of sexually transmitted infections. Today, much of theoretical epidemiology uses more direct models of contact patterns, and there is an emerging body of literature trying to connect methods to the concurrency literature. In this review, we will cover the development of the concept of concurrency and these new approaches. © 2020, CC BY.

关键词： Epidemiology

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SI-spreading-based network embedding in static and temporal networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Zhan, Xiu-Xiu Li, Ziyu Masuda, Naoki Holme, Petter Wang, Huijuan Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Delft University of Technology Mekelweg 4 Delft2628 CD Netherlands Department of Mathematics University at Buffalo State University of New York Buffalo New YorkNY14260-2900 United States Computational and Data-Enabled Science and Engineering Program University at Buffalo State University of New York Buffalo New YorkNY14260-2900 United States Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama226-8503 Japan

Link prediction can be used to extract missing information, identify spurious interactions as well as forecast network evolution. Network embedding is a methodology to assign coordinates to nodes in a low-dimensional vector space. By embedding nodes into vectors, the link prediction problem can be converted into a similarity comparison task. Nodes with similar embedding vectors are more likely to be connected. Classic network embedding algorithms are random-walk-based. They sample trajectory paths via random walks and generate node pairs from the trajectory paths. The node pair set is further used as the input for a Skip-Gram model, a representative language model that embeds nodes (which are regarded as words) into vectors. In the present study, we propose to replace random walk processes by a spreading process, namely the susceptible-infected (SI) model, to sample paths. Specifically, we propose two SI-spreading-based algorithms, SINE and TSINE, to embed static and temporal networks, respectively. The performance of our algorithms is evaluated by the missing link prediction task in comparison with state-of-the-art static and temporal network embedding algorithms. Results show that SINE and TSINE outperform the baselines across all six empirical datasets. We further find that the performance of SINE is mostly better than TSINE, suggesting that temporal information does not necessarily improve the embedding for missing link prediction. Moreover, we study the effect of the sampling size, quantified as the total length of the trajectory paths, on the performance of the embedding algorithms. The better performance of SINE and TSINE requires a smaller sampling size in comparison with the baseline algorithms. Hence, SI-spreading-based embedding tends to be more applicable to large-scale networks. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Network embeddings

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Small inter-event times govern epidemic spreading on networks

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Physical Review Research 2020年第2期2卷 023163-023163页

作者： Naoki Masuda Petter Holme Department of Mathematics University at Buffalo State University of New York Buffalo New York 14260-2900 USA Computational and Data-Enabled Science and Engineering Program University at Buffalo State University of New York Buffalo New York 14260-5030 USA Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI) Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama 226-8503 Japan

Many aspects of human and animal interaction, such as the frequency of contacts of an individual, the number of interaction partners, and the time between the contacts of two individuals, are characterized by heavy-tailed distributions. These distributions affect the spreading of, e.g., infectious diseases or rumors, often because of impacts of the right tail of the distributions (i.e., the large values). In this paper we show that when it comes to inter-event time distributions, it is not the tail but the small values that control spreading dynamics. We investigate this effect both analytically and numerically for different versions of the susceptible-infected-recovered model on different types of networks.

关键词： Epidemic Epidemic evolution Epidemic growth Epidemic prevalence

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Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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The Lancet 2023年第10397期402卷 203-234页

作者： Ong, Kanyin Liane Stafford, Lauryn K. McLaughlin, Susan A. Boyko, Edward J. Vollset, Stein Emil Smith, Amanda E. Dalton, Bronte E. Duprey, Joe Cruz, Jessica A. Hagins, Hailey Lindstedt, Paulina A. Aali, Amirali Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate, Melsew Dagne Abbasian, Mohammadreza Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen ElHafeez, Samar Abd Abd-Rabu, Rami Abdulah, Deldar Morad Abdullah, Abu Yousuf Md Abedi, Vida Abidi, Hassan Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abolhassani, Hassan Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abu-Zaid, Ahmed Adane, Tigist Demssew Adane, Denberu Eshetie Addo, Isaac Yeboah Adegboye, Oyelola A. Adekanmbi, Victor Adepoju, Abiola Victor Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Afolabi, Rotimi Felix Agarwal, Gina Aghdam, Zahra Babaei Agudelo-Botero, Marcela Arriagada, Constanza Elizabeth Aguilera Agyemang-Duah, Williams Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Danish Ahmad, Rizwan Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Aqeel Ahmadi, Ali Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmed, Ali Ahmed, Luai A. Ahmed, Syed Anees Ajami, Marjan Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola Al Hamad, Hanadi Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz AL-Ahdal, Tareq Mohammed Ali Alalwan, Tariq A. Al-Aly, Ziyad AlBataineh, Mohammad T. Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alemi, Sharifullah Ali, Hassam Alinia, Tahereh Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Almustanyir, Sami Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Amare, Firehiwot Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amiri, Sohrab Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi Andrei, Catalina Liliana Anjana, Ranjit Mohan Ansar, Adnan Ansari, Golnoosh Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Arabloo, Jalal Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. Areda, Demelash Arifin, Hidayat Arkew, Mesay Armocida, Benedetta Arnlov, Johan Artamonov, Anton A. Arulappan, Judie Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo Arumugam, Ashokan Aryan, Zahra Asemu, Mulu Tiruneh Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad Askari, Elaheh Asmelash, Daniel Astell-Burt, Thomas Athar, Mohammad Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Avila-Burgos, Leticia Awaisu, Ahmed Azadnajafabad, Sina Darshan, B.B. Babamohamadi, Hassan Badar, Muhammad Badawi, Alaa Badiye, Ashish D. Baghcheghi, Nayereh Baghe Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation School of Medicine General Medicine Service Department of Veterans Affairs Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine France Department of Clinical Governance and Quality Improvement Aleta Wondo Hospital Aleta Wondo Ethiopia Department of Nursing Woldia University Woldia Ethiopia Department of Nursing Department of Orthopedic Surgery Orthopaedic Surgery Social Determinants of Health Research Center Non-communicable Diseases Research Center Epidemiology Department Evidence-Based Practice Center Community and Maternity Nursing Unit University of Duhok Duhok Iraq School of Planning Faculty of Environment Department of Public Health Sciences Penn State College of Medicine Pennsylvania State University Hershey PA United States Biocomplexity Institute Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA United States College of Medicine Department of Public Health Laboratory Technology Sciences Department Department of Family and Community Health University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Department of Biosciences and Nutrition Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Sweden Clinical Sciences Department Department of Surgery Department of Surgery Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology College of Graduate Health Sciences University of Tennessee Memphis TN United States Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Department of Clinical and Psychosocial Epidemiology Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Centre for Social Research in Health Quality and Systems Performance Unit Cancer Institute NSW Sydney NSW Australia Department of Public Health and Tropical Medicine HIV and Infectious Diseases Department Jhpiego Abuja Nigeria Adolescent Research and Care Department Adolescent Friendly Research Initiative and Care Ado Ekiti Nigeria Department of Epidemiology Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Department of Family Medicine McMaster University

Background: Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and affects people regardless of country, age group, or sex. Using the most recent evidentiary and analytical framework from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD), we produced location-specific, age-specific, and sex-specific estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden from 1990 to 2021, the proportion of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in 2021, the proportion of the type 2 diabetes burden attributable to selected risk factors, and projections of diabetes prevalence through 2050. Methods: Estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden were computed in 204 countries and territories, across 25 age groups, for males and females separately and combined;these estimates comprised lost years of healthy life, measured in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs;defined as the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]). We used the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) approach to estimate deaths due to diabetes, incorporating 25 666 location-years of data from vital registration and verbal autopsy reports in separate total (including both type 1 and type 2 diabetes) and type-specific models. Other forms of diabetes, including gestational and monogenic diabetes, were not explicitly modelled. Total and type 1 diabetes prevalence was estimated by use of a Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, to analyse 1527 location-years of data from the scientific literature, survey microdata, and insurance claims;type 2 diabetes estimates were computed by subtracting type 1 diabetes from total estimates. Mortality and prevalence estimates, along with standard life expectancy and disability weights, were used to calculate YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs. When appropriate, we extrapolated estimates to a hypothetical population with a standardised age structure to allow comparison in populations with different age structures. We used the comparative r

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