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Genetic drivers of heterogeneity in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology

Nature 2024年第8003期627卷 347-357页

作者： Ken Suzuki Konstantinos Hatzikotoulas Lorraine Southam Henry J Taylor Xianyong Yin Kim M Lorenz Ravi Mandla Alicia Huerta-Chagoya Giorgio E M Melloni Stavroula Kanoni Nigel W Rayner Ozvan Bocher Ana Luiza Arruda Kyuto Sonehara Shinichi Namba Simon S K Lee Michael H Preuss Lauren E Petty Philip Schroeder Brett Vanderwerff Mart Kals Fiona Bragg Kuang Lin Xiuqing Guo Weihua Zhang Jie Yao Young Jin Kim Mariaelisa Graff Fumihiko Takeuchi Jana Nano Amel Lamri Masahiro Nakatochi Sanghoon Moon Robert A Scott James P Cook Jung-Jin Lee Ian Pan Daniel Taliun Esteban J Parra Jin-Fang Chai Lawrence F Bielak Yasuharu Tabara Yang Hai Gudmar Thorleifsson Niels Grarup Tamar Sofer Matthias Wuttke Chloé Sarnowski Christian Gieger Darryl Nousome Stella Trompet Soo-Heon Kwak Jirong Long Meng Sun Lin Tong Wei-Min Chen Suraj S Nongmaithem Raymond Noordam Victor J Y Lim Claudia H T Tam Yoonjung Yoonie Joo Chien-Hsiun Chen Laura M Raffield Bram Peter Prins Aude Nicolas Lisa R Yanek Guanjie Chen Jennifer A Brody Edmond Kabagambe Ping An Anny H Xiang Hyeok Sun Choi Brian E Cade Jingyi Tan K Alaine Broadaway Alice Williamson Zoha Kamali Jinrui Cui Manonanthini Thangam Linda S Adair Adebowale Adeyemo Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas Tarunveer S Ahluwalia Sonia S Anand Alain Bertoni Jette Bork-Jensen Ivan Brandslund Thomas A Buchanan Charles F Burant Adam S Butterworth Mickaël Canouil Juliana C N Chan Li-Ching Chang Miao-Li Chee Ji Chen Shyh-Huei Chen Yuan-Tsong Chen Zhengming Chen Lee-Ming Chuang Mary Cushman John Danesh Swapan K Das H Janaka de Silva George Dedoussis Latchezar Dimitrov Ayo P Doumatey Shufa Du Qing Duan Kai-Uwe Eckardt Leslie S Emery Daniel S Evans Michele K Evans Krista Fischer James S Floyd Ian Ford Oscar H Franco Timothy M Frayling Barry I Freedman Pauline Genter Hertzel C Gerstein Vilmantas Giedraitis Clicerio González-Villalpando Maria Elena González-Villalpando Penny Gordon-Larsen Myron Gross Lindsay A Guare Sophie Hackinger Liisa Hakaste Sohee Han Andrew T Hattersley Christian Herder Momoko Horikoshi Annie-Green Howard Willa Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Research Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences University of Manchester Manchester UK. Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Graduate School of Medicine University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan. Department of Statistical Genetics Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Suita Japan. Institute of Translational Genomics Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg Germany. konstantinos.hatzikotoulas@helmholtz-munich.de. Institute of Translational Genomics Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg Germany. Center for Precision Health Research National Human Genome Research Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA. British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit Department of Public Health and Primary Care University of Cambridge Cambridge UK. Heart and Lung Research Institute University of Cambridge Cambridge UK. Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China. Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA. Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center Philadelphia PA USA. Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PA USA. Department of Genetics University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PA USA. Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Cambridge MA USA. Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA. TIMI Study Group Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA. William Harvey Research Institute Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London L

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heterogeneous disease that develops through diverse pathophysiological processes and molecular mechanisms that are often specific to cell type. Here, to characterize the genetic contribution to these processes across ancestry groups, we aggregate genome-wide association study data from 2,535,601 individuals (39.7% not of European ancestry), including 428,452 cases of T2D. We identify 1,289 independent association signals at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10) that map to 611 loci, of which 145 loci are, to our knowledge, previously unreported. We define eight non-overlapping clusters of T2D signals that are characterized by distinct profiles of cardiometabolic trait associations. These clusters are differentially enriched for cell-type-specific regions of open chromatin, including pancreatic islets, adipocytes, endothelial cells and enteroendocrine cells. We build cluster-specific partitioned polygenic scores in a further 279,552 individuals of diverse ancestry, including 30,288 cases of T2D, and test their association with T2D-related vascular outcomes. Cluster-specific partitioned polygenic scores are associated with coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease and end-stage diabetic nephropathy across ancestry groups, highlighting the importance of obesity-related processes in the development of vascular outcomes. Our findings show the value of integrating multi-ancestry genome-wide association study data with single-cell epigenomics to disentangle the aetiological heterogeneity that drives the development and progression of T2D. This might offer a route to optimize global access to genetically informed diabetes care.

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Modeling state-transition dynamics in resting-state brain signals by the hidden Markov and Gaussian mixture models

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Ezaki, Takahiro Himeno, Yu Watanabe, Takamitsu Masuda, Naoki Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology The University of Tokyo 4-6-1 Komaba Meguro-ku Tokyo153-8904 Japan PRESTO JST 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi Saitama332-0012 Japan Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-8656 Japan Laboratory for Cognition Circuit Dynamics RIKEN Centre for Brain Science Saitama351-0198 Japan International Research Center for Neurointelligence The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-0033 Japan Department of Mathematics State University of New York at Buffalo BuffaloNY14260-2900 United States Computational and Data-Enabled Science and Engineering Program State University of New York at Buffalo BuffaloNY14260-5030 United States

Recent studies have proposed that one can summarize brain activity into dynamics among a relatively small number of hidden states and that such an approach is a promising tool for revealing brain function. Hidden Markov models (HMMs) are a prevalent approach to inferring such neural dynamics among discrete brain states. However, the impact of assuming Markovian structure in neural time series data has not been sufficiently examined. Here, to address this situation and examine the performance of the HMM, we compare the model with the Gaussian mixture model (GMM), which is with no temporal regularization and thus a statistically simpler model than the HMM, by applying both models to synthetic time series generated from empirical resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. We compared the GMM and HMM for various sampling frequencies, lengths of recording per participant, numbers of participants, and numbers of independent component signals. We find that the HMM attains a better accuracy of estimating the hidden state than the GMM in a majority of cases. However, we also find that the accuracy of the GMM is comparable to that of the HMM under the condition that the sampling frequency is reasonably low (e.g., TR = 2.88 or 3.60 s) or the data is relatively short. These results suggest that the GMM can be a viable alternative to the HMM for investigating hidden-state dynamics under this condition. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hidden Markov models

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Small inter-event times govern epidemic spreading on temporal networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Masuda, Naoki Holme, Petter Department of Mathematics University at Buffalo State University of New York BuffaloNY14260-2900 United States Computational and Data-Enabled Science and Engineering Program University at Buffalo State University of New York BuffaloNY14260-5030 United States Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama226-8503 Japan

Just like the degrees of human and animal interaction networks, the distribution of the times between interactions is known to often be right-skewed and fat-tailed. Both these distributions affect epidemic dynamics strongly, but, as we show in this Letter, for very different reasons. Whereas the high degrees of the tail are critical for facilitating epidemics, it is the small interevent times that control the dynamics of epidemics. We investigate this effect both analytically and numerically for different versions of the Susceptible-Infected-Recovered model on different types of networks. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Epidemiology

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Comparison of volume transport in the Halmahera Sea between La Nina 2011 and El Nino 2015 events based on numerical model

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental science 2020年第1期618卷

作者： Muhammad Riza Mutiara R Putri Idris Mandang Department of Earth Science Faculty of Earth Science and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology Jalan Ganesha No 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia Hydro-Atmosphere Environment Research Group Physical Oceanography and Computational Modeling Laboratory Program Study of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Mulawarman University Jalan Barong Tongkok No 04 Samarinda 75123 Indonesia

Variations of volume transport in the Halmahera Sea are strongly influenced by the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Based on the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), in 2011 La Nina event took place with a strength of 3.02, while in 2015 El Nino occurred with a strength of -2.6. This paper discusses the variation of transport volume caused by the ENSO phenomenon based on the results of the Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS). On the Halmahera Sea at a latitude of 0.3°S with a width of 67 km and a depth of down to 200 m, net volume transport always moves southward. The largest volume transport in La Nina 2011 occurred in September-October, which was -8.9 Sv. Meanwhile, in El Nino 2015 the largest volume transport occurred in July-August, which was equal to -4.9 Sv. The cross correlation coefficient between volume transport and SOI in 2011 and 2015 was r = 0.55 and r = 0.61 respectively, where these results indicate a strong relationship.

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Selective dynamical imaging of interferometric data

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Farah, Joseph Galison, Peter Akiyama, Kazunori Bouman, Katherine L. Bower, Geoffrey C. Chael, Andrew Fuentes, Antonio Gómez, José L. Honma, Mareki Johnson, Michael D. Kofuji, Yutaro Marrone, Daniel P. Moriyama, Kotaro Narayan, Ramesh Pesce, Dominic W. Tiede, Paul Wielgus, Maciek Zhao, Guang-Yao Alberdi, Antxon Alef, Walter Algaba, Juan Carlos Anantua, Richard Asada, Keiichi Azulay, Rebecca Bach, Uwe Baczko, Anne-Kathrin Ball, David Baloković, Mislav Barrett, John Bauböck, Michi Benson, Bradford A. Bintley, Dan Blackburn, Lindy Blundell, Raymond Boland, Wilfred Boyce, Hope Bremer, Michael Brinkerink, Christiaan D. Brissenden, Roger Britzen, Silke Broderick, Avery E. Broguiere, Dominique Bronzwaer, Thomas Bustamante, Sandra Byun, Do-Young Carlstrom, John E. Ceccobello, Chiara Chan, Chi-Kwan Chatterjee, Koushik Chatterjee, Shami Chen, Ming-Tang Chen, Yongjun Cho, Ilje Christian, Pierre Conroy, Nicholas S. Conway, John E. Cordes, James M. Crawford, Thomas M. Crew, Geoffrey B. Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro Cui, Yuzhu Davelaar, Jordy De Laurentis, Mariafelicia Deane, Roger Dempsey, Jessica Desvignes, Gregory Doeleman, Sheperd S. Dhruv, Vedant Dzib Quijano, Sergio Abraham Eatough, Ralph P. Emami, Razieh Falcke, Heino Fish, Vincent L. Fomalont, Ed Ford, H. Alyson Fraga-Encinas, Raquel Freeman, William T. Friberg, Per Fromm, Christian M. Gammie, Charles F. García, Roberto Gentaz, Olivier Georgiev, Boris Goddi, Ciriaco Gold, Roman Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I. Gu, Minfeng Gurwell, Mark Hada, Kazuhiro Haggard, Daryl Hecht, Michael H. Hesper, Ronald Ho, Luis C. Ho, Paul Huang, Chih-Wei L. Huang, Lei Hughes, David H. Ikeda, Shiro Impellizzeri, C.M. Violette Inoue, Makoto Issaoun, Sara James, David J. Jannuzi, Buell T. Janssen, Michael Jeter, Britton Jiang, Wu Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra Jorstad, Svetlana Joshi, Abhishek V. Jung, Taehyun Karami, Mansour Karuppusamy, Ramesh Kawashima, Tomohisa Keating, Garrett K. Kettenis, Mark Kim, Dong-Jin Kim, Jae-Young Kim, Jongsoo Kim, Junhan Kino, Motoki Koay, Jun Yi Kocherlakota, Prashant Koch, Patrick Las Cumbres Observatory 6740 Cortona Drive Suite 102 GoletaCA93117-5575 United States Department of Physics University of California Santa BarbaraCA93106-9530 United States Black Hole Initiative Harvard University 20 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of History of Science Harvard University CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Physics Harvard University CambridgeMA02138 United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory 99 Millstone Road WestfordMA01886 United States National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Center for Astrophysics — Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States California Institute of Technology 1200 East California Boulevard PasadenaCA91125 United States Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica 645 N. A’ohoku Place HiloHI96720 United States Princeton Center for Theoretical Science Princeton University Jadwin Hall PrincetonNJ08544 United States NASA Hubble Fellowship Program Einstein Fellow United States Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n GranadaE-18008 Spain Mizusawa VLBI Observatory National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-12 Hoshigaoka Mizusawa Iwate Oshu023-0861 Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Tokyo Mitaka181-8588 Japan Department of Astronomy Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-0033 Japan Steward Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Arizona 933 N. Cherry Ave. TucsonAZ85721 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue West WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Waterloo Centre for Astrophysics University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 BonnD-53121 Germany Department of Physics Faculty of Science Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur50603 Malaysia Department of Physics & Ast

Recent developments in very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) have made it possible for the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) to resolve the innermost accretion flows of the largest supermassive black holes on the sky. The sparse nature of the EHT’s (u, v) coverage presents a challenge when attempting to resolve highly time-variable sources. We demonstrate that the changing (u, v) coverage of the EHT can contain regions of time over the course of a single observation that facilitate dynamical imaging. These optimal time regions typically have projected baseline distributions that are approximately angularly isotropic and radially homogeneous. We derive a metric of coverage quality based on baseline isotropy and density that is capable of ranking array configurations by their ability to produce accurate dynamical reconstructions. We compare this metric to existing metrics in the literature, and investigate their utility by performing dynamical reconstructions on synthetic data from simulated EHT observations of sources with simple orbital variability. We then use these results to make recommendations for imaging the 2017 EHT Sgr A∗ dataset. © 2024, CC BY.

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Numerical Modeling of Currents Circulation in Balikpapan Bay during Oil Spill Event on March 31, 2018

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental science 2020年第1期618卷

作者： A A Nur I M Radjawane T Suprijo I Mandang Department of Earth Science Faculty of Earth Science and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology Jalan Ganesha No 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia Hydro-Atmosphere Environment Research Group Physical Oceanography and Computational Modeling Laboratory Program Study of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Mulawarman University Jalan Barong Tongkok No 04 Samarinda 75123 Indonesia

The coastal area in Balikpapan Bay and its surrounding area has been devastated after the burst of an underwater oil pipe at the bay on March 31st, 2018, and the crude oil still continues spreading for a few days later. A three-dimensional hydrodynamic model is used to simulate the currents dynamic and investigate the influence of the current circulation on the spreading of the oil spill in Balikpapan Bay from March 31th to April 15th, 2018, to cover the event i.e. several weeks after the oil spill incident. Model results are validated by calculating the RMSE, MAPE and model skill using water level between available observation data at Semayang Port, Balikpapan station and numerical model from October 1st, 2012 to January 1st, 2013. Verification result of tidal elevation data from observation and model prediction shows a good agreement with RMSE = 7.8 cm, MAPE = 14.3% and model skill = 0.995. Surface currents circulation in Balikpapan Bay can be distinguished by the currents pattern on the spring tide and neap tide condition. During the spring tide condition, the surface currents mostly move to the east after coming out from the bay. However, the surface currents are strongly going southward after come out from the bay on the neap tide condition. Based on the satellite images captured for the next days after the event, the spreading pattern of the oil spill seems to be matched to the pattern of surface currents circulation on the spring tide condition. From the analysis of the model result, it shows that the currents circulation playing the main role to disperse the oil spill in Balikpapan Bay towards the Makassar Strait.

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Ordered magnetic fields around the 3C 84 central black hole

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Paraschos, Georgios Filippos Kim, J.-Y. Wielgus, M. Röder, J. Krichbaum, T.P. Ros, E. Agudo, I. Myserlis, I. Moscibrodzka, M. Traianou, E. Zensus, J.A. Blackburn, L. Chan, C.-K. Issaoun, S. Janssen, M. Johnson, M.D. Fish, V.L. Akiyama, K. Alberdi, A. Alef, W. Algaba, J.C. Anantua, R. Asada, K. Azulay, R. Bach, U. Baczko, A.-K. Ball, D. Baloković, M. Barrett, J. Bauböck, M. Benson, B.A. Bintley, D. Blundell, R. Bouman, K.L. Bower, G.C. Boyce, H. Bremer, M. Brinkerink, C.D. Brissenden, R. Britzen, S. Broderick, A.E. Broguiere, D. Bronzwaer, T. Bustamante, S. Byun, D.-Y. Carlstrom, J.E. Ceccobello, C. Chael, A. Chang, D.O. Chatterjee, K. Chatterjee, S. Chen, M.T. Chen, Y. Cheng, X. Cho, I. Christian, P. Conroy, N.S. Conway, J.E. Cordes, J.M. Crawford, T.M. Crew, G.B. Cruz-Osorio, A. Cui, Y. Dahale, R. Davelaar, J. De Laurentis, M. Deane, R. Dempsey, J. Desvignes, G. Dexter, J. Dhruv, V. Doeleman, S.S. Dougal, S. Dzib, S.A. Eatough, R.P. Emami, R. Falcke, H. Farah, J. Fomalont, E. Ford, H.A. Foschi, M. Fraga-Encinas, R. Freeman, W.T. Friberg, P. Fromm, C.M. Fuentes, A. Galison, P. Gammie, C.F. García, R. Gentaz, O. Georgiev, B. Goddi, C. Gold, R. Gómez-Ruiz, A.I. Gómez, J.L. Gu, M. Gurwell, M. Hada, K. Haggard, D. Haworth, K. Hecht, M.H. Hesper, R. Heumann, D. Ho, L.C. Ho, P. Honma, M. Huang, C.L. Huang, L. Hughes, D.H. Ikeda, S. Impellizzeri, C.M.V. Inoue, M. James, D.J. Jannuzi, B.T. Jeter, B. Jaing, W. Jiménez-Rosales, A. Jorstad, S. Joshi, A.V. Jung, T. Karami, M. Karuppusamy, R. Kawashima, T. Keating, G.K. Kettenis, M. Kim, D.-J. Kim, J. Kim, J. Kino, M. Koay, J.Y. Kocherlakota, P. Kofuji, Y. Koch, P.M. Koyama, S. Kramer, C. Kramer, J.A. Kramer, M. Kuo, C.-Y. La Bella, N. Lauer, T.R. Lee, D. Lee, S.-S. Leung, P.K. Levis, A. Li, Z. Lico, R. Lindahl, G. Lindqvist, M. Lisakov, M. Liu, J. Liu, K. Liuzzo, E. Lo, W.-P. Lobanov, A.P. Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 BonnD-53121 Germany Department of Astronomy and Atmospheric Sciences Kyungpook National University Daegu702-701 Korea Republic of Institute of Physics Silesian University in Opava Bezručovo nám. 13 OpavaCZ-746 01 Czech Republic Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n GranadaE-18008 Spain Avenida Divina Pastora 7 Local 20 GranadaE-18012 Spain Radboud University P.O. Box 9010 Nijmegen6500 GL Netherlands Black Hole Initiative Harvard University 20 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Steward Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Arizona 933 N. Cherry Ave. TucsonAZ85721 United States Data Science Institute University of Arizona 1230 N. Cherry Ave. TucsonAZ85721 United States Program in Applied Mathematics University of Arizona 617 N. Santa Rita TucsonAZ85721 United States NASA Hubble Fellowship Program Einstein Fellow United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory 99 Millstone Road WestfordMA01886 United States National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Department of Physics Faculty of Science Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur50603 Malaysia Department of Physics & Astronomy The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San AntonioTX78249 United States Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica 11F of Astronomy-Mathematics Building AS/NTU No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Rd. Taipei10617 Taiwan Departament d’Astronomia i Astrofísica Universitat de València C. Dr. Moliner 50 Burjassot ValènciaE-46100 Spain Observatori Astronòmic Universitat de València C. Catedrático José Beltrán 2 València PaternaE-46980 Spain Department of Space Earth and Environment Chalmers University of Technology Onsala Space Observatory OnsalaSE-43992 Sweden Yale C

Context. 3C 84 is a nearby radio source with a complex total intensity structure, showing linear polarisation and spectral patterns. A detailed investigation of the central engine region necessitates the use of very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) above the hitherto available maximum frequency of 86 GHz. Aims. Using ultrahigh resolution VLBI observations at the currently highest available frequency of 228 GHz, we aim to perform a direct detection of compact structures and understand the physical conditions in the compact region of 3C 84. Methods. We used Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) 228 GHz observations and, given the limited (u, v)-coverage, applied geometric model fitting to the data. Furthermore, we employed quasi-simultaneously observed, ancillary multi-frequency VLBI data for the source in order to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the core structure. Results. We report the detection of a highly ordered, strong magnetic field around the central, supermassive black hole of 3C 84. The brightness temperature analysis suggests that the system is in equipartition. We also determined a turnover frequency of νm = (113 ± 4) GHz, a corresponding synchrotron self-absorbed magnetic field of BSSA = (2.9 ± 1.6) G, and an equipartition magnetic field of Beq = (5.2 ± 0.6) G. Three components are resolved with the highest fractional polarisation detected for this object (mnet = (17.0 ± 3.9)%). The positions of the components are compatible with those seen in low-frequency VLBI observations since 2017-2018. We report a steeply negative slope of the spectrum at 228 GHz. We used these findings to test existing models of jet formation, propagation, and Faraday rotation in 3C 84. Conclusions. The findings of our investigation into different flow geometries and black hole spins support an advection-dominated accretion flow in a magnetically arrested state around a rapidly rotating supermassive black hole as a model of the jet-launching system in the core of 3C 84. However,

关键词： Magnetic fields

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Basic Understanding of Condensed Phases of Matter via Packing Models

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Torquato, S. Department of Chemistry Department of Physics Princeton Center for Theoretical Science Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University Princeton New Jersey08544 United States

Packing problems have been a source of fascination for millenia and their study has produced a rich literature that spans numerous disciplines. Investigations of hard-particle packing models have provided basic insights into the structure and bulk properties of condensed phases of matter, including low-temperature states (e.g., molecular and colloidal liquids, crystals and glasses), multiphase heterogeneous media, granular media, and biological systems. The densest packings are of great interest in pure mathematics, including discrete geometry and number theory. This perspective reviews pertinent theoretical and computational literature concerning the equilibrium, metastable and nonequilibrium packings of hard-particle packings in various Euclidean space dimensions. In the case of jammed packings, emphasis will be placed on the "geometric-structure" approach, which provides a powerful and unified means to quantitatively characterize individual packings via jamming categories and "order" maps. It incorporates extremal jammed states, including the densest packings, maximally random jammed states, and lowest-density jammed structures. Packings of identical spheres, spheres with a size distribution, and nonspherical particles are also surveyed. We close this review by identifying challenges and open questions for future research. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Geometry

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science with the Daksha High Energy Transients Mission

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Bhalerao, Varun Sawant, Disha Pai, Archana Tendulkar, Shriharsh Vadawale, Santosh Bhattacharya, Dipankar Rana, Vikram Adalja, Hitesh Kumar L. Anupama, G.C. Bala, Suman Banerjee, Smaranika Basu, Judhajeet Belatikar, Hrishikesh Beniamini, Paz Bhaganagare, Mahesh Bhaskar, Ankush Bhattacharjee, Soumyadeep Bose, Sukanta Cenko, Brad Chanda, Mehul Vijay Dewangan, Gulab Dixit, Vishal Dutta, Anirban Gawade, Priyanka Ghodgaonkar, Abhijeet Goyal, Shiv Kumar Gunasekaran, Suresh Hemanth, Manikantan Hotokezaka, Kenta Iyyani, Shabnam Guruprasad, P.J. Kasliwal, Mansi Koyande, Jayprakash G. Kulkarni, Salil Kutty, A.P.K. Ladiya, Tinkal Mahapatra, Suddhasatta Marla, Deepak Mate, Sujay Mehla, Advait Mithun, N.P.S. More, Surhud Mote, Rakesh Mukherjee, Dipanjan Narang, Sanjoli Narendranath, Shyama Nema, Ayush Nimbalkar, Sudhanshu Nissanke, Samaya Palit, Sourav Patel, Jinaykumar Patel, Arpit Paul, Biswajit Pradeep, Priya Ramachandran, Prabhu Roy, Kinjal Saiguhan, B.S. Bharath Saji, Joseph Saleem, M. Saraogi, Divita Sastry, Parth Shanmugam, M. Sharma, Piyush Shetye, Amit Singh, Nishant Singh, Shreeya Singhal, Akshat Sreekumar, S. Sridhar, Srividhya Srinivasan, Rahul Tallur, Siddharth Tiwari, Neeraj K. Vadladi, Amrutha Lakshmi Vaishnava, C.S. Vishwakarma, Sandeep Waratkar, Gaurav Department of Physics IIT Bombay Powai Mumbai400076 India Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Mumbai400005 India Physical Research Laboratory Navrangpura Ahmedabad380009 India Ashoka University Department of Physics Haryana Sonepat131029 India Raman Research Institute C. V. Raman Avenue Sadashivanagar Bengaluru560080 India Indian Institute of Astrophysics 2nd Block 100 Feet Rd Koramangala Bengaluru560034 India Tohoku University Aoba Sendai980-0845 Japan Stockholm University AlbaNova StockholmSE 10691 Sweden Department of Electrical Engineering IIT Bombay Powai Mumbai400076 India Department of Natural Sciences The Open University of Israel P.O Box 808 Ra'anana4353701 Israel Department of Physics Indian Institute of Science Karnataka Bengaluru560012 India Inter-University Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics Maharashtra Pune411007 India University of Maryland College Park United States Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies IIT Bombay Powai Mumbai400076 India Department of Aerospace Engineering IIT Bombay Powai Mumbai400076 India University of Tokyo Bunkyo City Tokyo113-8654 Japan School of Physics IISER Kerala Thiruvananthapuram695551 India Division of Physics Mathematics and Astronomy California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering IIT Bombay Powai Mumbai400076 India Space Astronomy Group U R Rao Satellite Centre ISRO Bengaluru560037 India Nikhef Science Park 105 Amsterdam1098 XG Netherlands Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering The University of Texas at Arlington ArlingtonTX76019 United States Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre Kochuveli Thiruvananthapuram695022 India Chennai Mathematical Institute Tamilnadu Siruseri603103 India School of Physics and Astronomy University of Minnesota MinneapolisMN55455 United States Department of Chemical Engineering IIT Bombay Powai Mumbai400076 Ind

We present the science case for the proposed Daksha high energy transients mission. Daksha will comprise of two satellites covering the entire sky from 1 keV to > 1 MeV. The primary objectives of the mission are to discover and characterize electromagnetic counterparts to gravitational wave source;and to study Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs). Daksha is a versatile all-sky monitor that can address a wide variety of science cases. With its broadband spectral response, high sensitivity, and continuous all-sky coverage, it will discover fainter and rarer sources than any other existing or proposed mission. Daksha can make key strides in GRB research with polarization studies, prompt soft spectroscopy, and fine time-resolved spectral studies. Daksha will provide continuous monitoring of X-ray pulsars. It will detect magnetar outbursts and high energy counterparts to Fast Radio Bursts. Using Earth occultation to measure source fluxes, the two satellites together will obtain daily flux measurements of bright hard X-ray sources including active galactic nuclei, X-ray binaries, and slow transients like Novae. Correlation studies between the two satellites can be used to probe primordial black holes through lensing. Daksha will have a set of detectors continuously pointing towards the Sun, providing excellent hard X-ray monitoring data. Closer to home, the high sensitivity and time resolution of Daksha can be leveraged for the characterization of Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Gravity waves

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A Tale of Three: Magnetic Fields along the Orion Integral-shaped Filament as Revealed by the JCMT BISTRO Survey

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Astrophysical Journal Letters 2024年第2期977卷 L31-L31页

作者： Wu, Jintai Qiu, Keping Poidevin, Frédérick Bastien, Pierre Liu, Junhao Ching, Tao-Chung Bourke, Tyler L. Ward-Thompson, Derek Pattle, Kate Johnstone, Doug Koch, Patrick M. Arzoumanian, Doris Lee, Chang Won Fanciullo, Lapo Onaka, Takashi Hwang, Jihye Le Gouellec, Valentin J.M. Soam, Archana Tamura, Motohide Tahani, Mehrnoosh Eswaraiah, Chakali Li, Hua-Bai Berry, David Furuya, Ray S. Coudé, Simon Kwon, Woojin Lin, Sheng-Jun Wang, Jia-Wei Hasegawa, Tetsuo Lai, Shih-Ping Byun, Do-Young Chen, Zhiwei Chen, Huei-Ru Vivien Chen, Wen Ping Chen, Mike Cho, Jungyeon Choi, Youngwoo Choi, Yunhee Choi, Minho Chrysostomou, Antonio Chung, Eun Jung Dai, Sophia Di Francesco, James Diep, Pham Ngoc Doi, Yasuo Duan, Hao-Yuan Duan, Yan Eden, David Fiege, Jason Fissel, Laura M. Franzmann, Erica Friberg, Per Friesen, Rachel Fuller, Gary Gledhill, Tim Graves, Sarah Greaves, Jane Griffin, Matt Gu, Qilao Han, Ilseung Hayashi, Saeko Hoang, Thiem Houde, Martin Inoue, Tsuyoshi Inutsuka, Shu-Ichiro Iwasaki, Kazunari Jeong, Il-Gyo Könyves, Vera Kang, Ji-Hyun Kang, Miju Karoly, Janik Kataoka, Akimasa Kawabata, Koji Kim, Shinyoung Kim, Mi-Ryang Kim, Kyoung Hee Kim, Kee-Tae Kim, Jongsoo Kim, Hyosung Kim, Gwanjeong Kirchschlager, Florian Kirk, Jason Kobayashi, Masato I.N. Kusune, Takayoshi Kwon, Jungmi Lacaille, Kevin Law, Chi-Yan Lee, Hyeseung Lee, Chin-Fei Lee, Sang-Sung Lee, Jeong-Eun Li, Dalei Li, Di Li, Guangxing Liu, Sheng-Yuan Liu, Tie Liu, Hong-Li Lu, Xing Lyo, A-Ran Mairs, Steve Matsumura, Masafumi Matthews, Brenda Moriarty-Schieven, Gerald Nagata, Tetsuya Nakamura, Fumitaka Nakanishi, Hiroyuki Ngoc, Nguyen Bich Ohashi, Nagayoshi Park, Geumsook Parsons, Harriet Peretto, Nicolas Priestley, Felix Pyo, Tae-Soo Qian, Lei Rao, Ramprasad Rawlings, Jonathan Rawlings, Mark Retter, Brendan Richer, John Rigby, Andrew Sadavoy, Sarah Saito, Hiro Savini, Giorgio Seta, Masumichi Sharma, Ekta Shimajiri, Yoshito Shinnaga, Hiroko Tang, Ya-Wen Tang, Xindi Thuong, Hoang Duc Tomisaka, Kohji Tram, Le Ngoc Tsukamoto, Yusuke Viti, Serena Wang, Hongchi Whitworth, School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University 163 Xianlin Avenue Nanjing 210023 China Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics Nanjing University Ministry of Education Nanjing 210023 China Instituto de Astrofisíca de Canarias La Laguna Canary Islands Tenerife E-38205 Spain Universidad de La Laguna Dpto. Astrofísica La Laguna Tenerife E-38206 Spain Centre de Recherche en Astrophysique du Québec Département de Physique Université de Montréal 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux Montréal H2V OB3 QC Canada Division of ALMA National Astronomical Observatory of Japan Mitaka Tokyo 181-8588 Japan National Radio Astronomy Observatory 1003 Lopezville Road Socorro 87801 NM United States SKA Observatory Jodrell Bank Lower Withington Macclesfield SK11 9FT United Kingdom Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics School of Physics and Astronomy University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL United Kingdom Jeremiah Horrocks Institute University of Central Lancashire Preston PR1 2HE United Kingdom Department of Physics and Astronomy University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT United Kingdom NRC Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics 5071 West Saanich Road Victoria V9E 2E7 BC Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Victoria Victoria V8W 2Y2 BC Canada Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics No.1 Sec. 4. Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan Division of Science National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute 776 Daedeokdae-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34055 South Korea University of Science and Technology 217 Gajeong-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34113 South Korea National Chung Hsing University 145 Xingda Road South District Taichung City 402 Taiwan Department of Astronomy Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan NASA Ames Research Center Space Science and

As part of the B-fields In Star-forming Region Observations survey, we present James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) 850 μm polarimetric observations toward the Orion integral-shaped filament (ISF) that covers three portions known as OMC-1, OMC-2, and OMC-3. The magnetic field threading the ISF seen in the JCMT POL-2 map appears as a tale of three: pinched for OMC-1, twisted for OMC-2, and nearly uniform for OMC-3. A multiscale analysis shows that the magnetic field structure in OMC-3 is very consistent at all the scales, whereas the field structure in OMC-2 shows no correlation across different scales. In OMC-1, the field retains its mean orientation from large to small scales but shows some deviations at small scales. Histograms of relative orientations between the magnetic field and filaments reveal a bimodal distribution for OMC-1, a relatively random distribution for OMC-2, and a distribution with a predominant peak at 90^o for OMC-3. Furthermore, the magnetic fields in OMC-1 and OMC-3 both appear to be aligned perpendicular to the fibers, which are denser structures within the filament, but the field in OMC-2 is aligned along with the fibers. All these suggest that gravity, turbulence, and magnetic field are each playing a leading role in OMC-1, 2, and 3, respectively. While OMC-2 and 3 have almost the same gas mass, density, and nonthermal velocity dispersion, there are on average younger and fewer young stellar objects in OMC-3, providing evidence that a stronger magnetic field will induce slower and less efficient star formation in molecular clouds. © 2024. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

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