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arXiv 2017年

作者： Zhao, Longhua Zhang, Li Ding, Yang Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin NT Hong Kong Hong Kong Division of Mechanics Beijing Computational Science Research Center Beijing100193 China Department of Mathematics Applied Mathematics and Statistics Case Western Reserve University ClevelandOH44106 United States

Nanowire fluidic tweezers have been developed to gently and accurately capture, manipulate and deliver micro objects. The mechanism behind the capture and release process has not yet been well explained. Utilizing the method of regularized Stokeslet, we study a cylindrical nanowire tumbling and interacting with spherical particles in the Stokes regime. The capture phenomenon observed in experiments is reproduced and illustrated with the trajectories of micro-spheres and fluid tracers. The flow structure and the region of capture are quantitatively examined and compared for different sizes of particles, various tumbling rates, and dimensions of the tweezers. We find that pure kinematic effects can explain the mechanism of capture and transport of particles. We further reveal the relation between the capture region and stagnation points in the displacement field, i.e., the displacement for tracer particles in the moving frame within one rotation of the wire. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nanowires

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The DESI Survey Validation: Results from Visual Inspection of Bright Galaxies, Luminous Red Galaxies, and Emission Line Galaxies

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Lan, Ting-Wen Tojeiro, R. Armengaud, E. Prochaska, J. Xavier Davis, T.M. Alexander, David M. Raichoor, A. Zhou, Rongpu Yèche, Christophe Balland, C. BenZvi, S. Berti, A. Canning, R. Carr, A. Chittenden, H. Cole, S. Cousinou, M.-C. Dawson, K. Dey, Biprateep Douglass, K. Edge, A. Escoffier, S. Glanville, A. Gontcho, S.A. Gontcho Guy, J. Hahn, C. Howlett, C. Hwang, Ho Seong Jiang, L. Kovács, A. Mezcua, M. Moore, S. Nadathur, S. Oh, M. Parkinson, D. Rocher, A. Ross, A.J. Ruhlmann-Kleider, V. Sabiu, C.G. Said, K. Saulder, C. Sierra-Porta, D. Weiner, B. Yu, J. Zarrouk, P. Zhang, Y. Zou, H. Ahlen, S. Bailey, S. Brooks, D. Cooper, A.P. de la Macorra, A. Dey, A. Dhungana, G. Doel, P. Eftekharzadeh, S. Fanning, K. Font-Ribera, A. Garrison, L. Gaztañaga, E. Kehoe, R. Kisner, T. Kremin, A. Landriau, M. Le Guillou, L. Levi, Michael E. Magneville, C. Meisner, Aaron M. Miquel, R. Moustakas, J. Myers, Adam D. Newman, Jeffrey A. Nie, J.D. Palanque-Delabrouille, N. Percival, W.J. Poppett, C. Prada, F. Schubnell, M. Tarlé, Gregory Weaver, B.A. Zhang, K. Zhou, Zhimin Graduate Institute of Astrophysics Department of Physics National Taiwan University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Rd. Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of California Santa Cruz 1156 High Street Santa CruzCA95065 United States SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy University of St Andrews St AndrewsKY16 9SS United Kingdom IRFU CEA Université Paris-Saclay Gif-sur-YvetteF-91191 France The University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa Kashiwa277-8583 Japan School of Mathematics and Physics University of Queensland 4072 Australia Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy Department of Physics Durham University South Road DurhamDH1 3LE United Kingdom Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road BerkeleyCA94720 United States ParisFR-75005 France Department of Physics & Astronomy University of Rochester 206 Bausch and Lomb Hall P.O. Box 270171 RochesterNY14627-0171 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy The University of Utah 115 South 1400 East Salt Lake CityUT84112 United States Institute of Cosmology & Gravitation University of Portsmouth Dennis Sciama Building PortsmouthPO1 3FX United Kingdom Institute for Computational Cosmology Department of Physics Durham University South Road DurhamDH1 3LE United Kingdom Aix Marseille Univ CNRS IN2P3 CPPM Marseille France University of Pittsburgh 3941 O’Hara Street PittsburghPA15260 United States Department of Astrophysical Sciences Princeton University Peyton Hall PrincetonNJ08544 United States Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory One Cyclotron Road BerkeleyCA94720 United States Astronomy Program Department of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of SNU Astronomy Research Center Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of 776 Daedeokdae-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon34055 Korea Republic of Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking Unive

The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Survey has obtained a set of spectroscopic measurements of galaxies to validate the final survey design and target selections. To assist in these tasks, we visually inspect (VI) DESI spectra of approximately 2,500 bright galaxies, 3,500 luminous red galaxies (LRGs), and 10,000 emission line galaxies (ELGs), to obtain robust redshift identifications. We then utilize the VI redshift information to characterize the performance of the DESI operation. Based on the VI catalogs, our results show that the final survey design yields samples of bright galaxies, LRGs, and ELGs with purity greater than 99%. Moreover, we demonstrate that the precision of the redshift measurements is approximately 10 km/s for bright galaxies and ELGs and approximately 40 km/s for LRGs. The average redshift accuracy is within 10 km/s for the three types of galaxies. The VI process also helps improve the quality of the DESI data by identifying spurious spectral features introduced by the pipeline. Finally, we show examples of unexpected real astronomical objects, such as Lyα emitters and strong lensing candidates, identified by VI. These results demonstrate the importance and utility of visually inspecting data from incoming and upcoming surveys, especially during their early operation phases. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Galaxies

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Simulation of Semi-Autogenous Grinding (SAG) Mill using Circular-Disks-based Model

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2018年第1期1090卷

作者： R. Sari P. M. Widartiningsih M. A. Martoprawiro L. Hendrajaya S. Viridi Master Program in Computational Science Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Institut Teknologi Bandung Jalan Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia Master Program in Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Institut Teknologi Bandung Jalan Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia Chemistry Department Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Institut Teknologi Bandung Jalan Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia Physics Department Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Institut Teknologi Bandung Jalan Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia

System of semi-autogenous grinding (SAG) mill is modeled in this work based on circular-disk objects, which represents not only the ground materials but also the mill liners. Interaction between these objects is through linear spring dash-pot force, which is solved numerically in soft-sphere scheme using molecular dynamics (MD) method. There is also force due to earth gravity. For ground materials a grain consists of several smaller grains, which are attached through some adhesive force. As the ground materials are smashed to the mill liners, when they reach maximum compression, they will be shattered into the smaller grains. Shattering process happens in a special materials motion known as cataracting mode. Friction is not considered in this work due to its complexity.

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A space-time finite element method for neural field equations with transmission delays

arXiv

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Polner, Mónika van der Vegt, J.J.W. van Gils, S.A. Bolyai Institute University of Szeged Szeged Aradi vértanúk tere 1H-6720 Hungary ELI-ALPS ELI-HU Ltd Dugonics tér 13 Szeged6720 Hungary Mathematics of Computational Science Group Department of Applied Mathematics University of Twente P.O. Box 217 Enschede7500 AE Netherlands Applied Analysis Department of Applied Mathematics University of Twente P.O. Box 217 Enschede7500 AE Netherlands

We present and analyze a new space-time finite element method for the solution of neural field equations with transmission delays. The numerical treatment of these systems is rare in the literature and currently has several restrictions on the spatial domain and the functions involved, such as connectivity and delay functions. The use of a space-time discretization, with basis functions that are discontinuous in time and continuous in space (dGcG-FEM), is a natural way to deal with space-dependent delays, which is important for many neural field applications. In this article we provide a detailed description of a space-time dGcG-FEM algorithm for neural delay equations, including an a-priori error analysis. We demonstrate the application of the dGcG-FEM algorithm on several neural field models, including problems with an inhomogeneous kernel.65M60, 65M15, 65R20, 37M05, 92C20 Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Finite element method

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resonance production in Pb–Pb collisions at TeV

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The European Physical Journal C 2023年第5期83卷 1-16页

作者： Acharya, S. Adamová, D. Adler, A. Aglieri Rinella, G. Agnello, M. Agrawal, N. Ahammed, Z. Ahmad, S. Ahn, S. U. Ahuja, I. Akindinov, A. Al-Turany, M. Aleksandrov, D. Alessandro, B. Alfanda, H. M. Alfaro Molina, R. Ali, B. Ali, Y. Alici, A. Alizadehvandchali, N. Alkin, A. Alme, J. Alocco, G. Alt, T. Altsybeev, I. Anaam, M. N. Andrei, C. Andronic, A. Anguelov, V. Antinori, F. Antonioli, P. Anuj, C. Apadula, N. Aphecetche, L. Appelshäuser, H. Arata, C. Arcelli, S. Arnaldi, R. Arsene, I. C. Arslandok, M. Augustinus, A. Averbeck, R. Aziz, S. Azmi, M. D. Badalà, A. Baek, Y. W. Bai, X. Bailhache, R. Bailung, Y. Bala, R. Balbino, A. Baldisseri, A. Balis, B. Banerjee, D. Banoo, Z. Barbera, R. Barioglio, L. Barlou, M. Barnaföldi, G. G. Barnby, L. S. Barret, V. Barreto, L. Bartels, C. Barth, K. Bartsch, E. Baruffaldi, F. Bastid, N. Basu, S. Batigne, G. Battistini, D. Batyunya, B. Bauri, D. Alba, J. L. Bazo Bearden, I. G. Beattie, C. Becht, P. Behera, D. Belikov, I. Bell Hechavarria, A. D. C. Bellini, F. Bellwied, R. Belokurova, S. Belyaev, V. Bencedi, G. Beole, S. Bercuci, A. Berdnikov, Y. Berdnikova, A. Bergmann, L. Besoiu, M. G. Betev, L. Bhaduri, P. P. Bhasin, A. Bhat, M. A. Bhattacharjee, B. Bianchi, L. Bianchi, N. Bielčík, J. Bielčíková, J. Biernat, J. Bigot, A. P. Bilandzic, A. Biro, G. Biswas, S. Bize, N. Blair, J. T. Blau, D. Blidaru, M. B. Bluhme, N. Blume, C. Boca, G. Bock, F. Bodova, T. Bogdanov, A. Boi, S. Bok, J. Boldizsár, L. Bolozdynya, A. Bombara, M. Bond, P. M. Bonomi, G. Borel, H. Borissov, A. Bossi, H. Botta, E. Bratrud, L. Braun-Munzinger, P. Bregant, M. Broz, M. Bruno, G. E. Buckland, M. D. Budnikov, D. Buesching, H. Bufalino, S. Bugnon, O. Buhler, P. Buthelezi, Z. Butt, J. B. Bylinkin, A. Bysiak, S. A. Cai, M. Caines, H. Caliva, A. Calvo Villar, E. Camacho, J. M. M. Camerini, P. Canedo, F. D. M. Carabas, M. Carnesecchi, F. Caron, R. Castillo Castellanos, J. Catalano, F. Ceballos Sanchez, C. Chakaberia, I. Chakraborty, P. Chandra, S. Chapeland, S. Chartier, M. Chattopadhyay, S. Chavez, T. G. Cheng, T. Ch Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS/IN2P3 LPC Clermont-Ferrand France Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre Homi Bhabha National Institute Kolkata India Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences Husinec-Řež Czech Republic Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität Frankfurt Institut für Informatik Fachbereich Informatik und Mathematik Frankfurt Germany European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) Geneva Switzerland Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN Turin Italy INFN Sezione di Bologna Bologna Italy Department of Physics Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information Daejeon Republic of Korea Faculty of Science P.J. Šafárik University Košice Slovak Republic Affiliated with an Institute Covered by a Cooperation Agreement with CERN Geneva Switzerland Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH Darmstadt Germany INFN Sezione di Torino Turin Italy Central China Normal University Wuhan China Instituto de Física Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City Mexico COMSATS University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN Bologna Italy University of Houston Houston USA Department of Physics and Technology University of Bergen Bergen Norway INFN Sezione di Cagliari Cagliari Italy Institut für Kernphysik Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering Bucharest Romania Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Institut für Kernphysik Münster Germany Physikalisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany INFN Sezione di Padova Padua Italy Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley USA SUBATECH IMT Atlantique Nantes Université CNRS-IN2P3 Nantes France Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie Université Grenoble-Alpes CNRS-IN2P3 Grenoble

Hadronic resonances are used to probe the hadron gas produced in the late stage of heavy-ion collisions since they decay on the same timescale, of the order of 1–10 fm/c, as the decoupling time of the system. In the hadron gas, (pseudo)elastic scatterings among the products of resonances that decayed before the kinetic freeze-out and regeneration processes counteract each other, the net effect depending on the resonance lifetime, the duration of the hadronic phase, and the hadronic cross sections at play. In this context, the $$\Sigma (1385)^{\pm }$$ particle is of particular interest as models predict that regeneration dominates over rescattering despite its relatively short lifetime of about 5.5 fm/c. The first measurement of the $$\Sigma (1385)^{\pm }$$ resonance production at midrapidity in Pb–Pb collisions at $$\sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}}= 5.02$$ TeV with the ALICE detector is presented in this Letter. The resonances are reconstructed via their hadronic decay channel, $$\Lambda \pi $$ , as a function of the transverse momentum ( $$p_\textrm{T}$$ ) and the collision centrality. The results are discussed in comparison with the measured yield of pions and with expectations from the statistical hadronization model as well as commonly employed event generators, including PYTHIA8/Angantyr and EPOS3 coupled to the UrQMD hadronic cascade afterburner. None of the models can describe the data. For $$\Sigma (1385)^{\pm }$$ , a similar behaviour as $$\textrm{K}^{*} (892)^{0}$$ is observed in data unlike the predictions of EPOS3 with afterburner.

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Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Component-separated maps of CMB temperature and the thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect

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Physical Review D 2020年第2期102卷 023534-023534页

作者： Mathew S. Madhavacheril J. Colin Hill Sigurd Næss Graeme E. Addison Simone Aiola Taylor Baildon Nicholas Battaglia Rachel Bean J. Richard Bond Erminia Calabrese Victoria Calafut Steve K. Choi Omar Darwish Rahul Datta Mark J. Devlin Joanna Dunkley Rolando Dünner Simone Ferraro Patricio A. Gallardo Vera Gluscevic Mark Halpern Dongwon Han Matthew Hasselfield Matt Hilton Adam D. Hincks Renée Hložek Shuay-Pwu Patty Ho Kevin M. Huffenberger John P. Hughes Brian J. Koopman Arthur Kosowsky Martine Lokken Thibaut Louis Marius Lungu Amanda MacInnis Loïc Maurin Jeffrey J. McMahon Kavilan Moodley Federico Nati Michael D. Niemack Lyman A. Page Bruce Partridge Naomi Robertson Neelima Sehgal Emmanuel Schaan Alessandro Schillaci Blake D. Sherwin Cristóbal Sifón Sara M. Simon David N. Spergel Suzanne T. Staggs Emilie R. Storer Alexander van Engelen Eve M. Vavagiakis Edward J. Wollack Zhilei Xu Centre for the Universe Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics Waterloo Ontario Canada N2L 2Y5 Department of Astrophysical Sciences Princeton University 4 Ivy Lane Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA Department of Physics Columbia University 550 West 120th Street New York New York 10027 USA Center for Computational Astrophysics Flatiron Institute 162 5th Avenue New York New York 10010 USA School of Natural Sciences Institute for Advanced Study Princeton New Jersey 08540 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland 21218 USA Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48103 USA Department of Astronomy Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics University of Toronto 60 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S 3H8 Canada School of Physics and Astronomy Cardiff University The Parade Cardiff CF24 3AA United Kingdom Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics University of Cambridge Wilberforce Road Cambridge CB3 0WA United Kingdom Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pennsylvania 209 South 33rd Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104 USA Joseph Henry Laboratories of Physics Jadwin Hall Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA Instituto de Astrofísica and Centro de Astro-Ingeniería Facultad de Física Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860 7820436 Macul Santiago Chile Physics Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA Department of Physics Cornell University 109 Clark Hall Ithaca New York 14853 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Southern California Los Angeles California 90089-0484 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada V6T 1Z1 Physics and Astronomy Department Stony Brook University Stony Brook New York 11794 USA Astrophysics & Cosmology Research Unit Sc

Optimal analyses of many signals in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) require map-level extraction of individual components in the microwave sky, rather than measurements at the power spectrum level alone. To date, nearly all map-level component separation in CMB analyses has been performed exclusively using satellite data. In this paper, we implement a component separation method based on the internal linear combination (ILC) approach which we have designed to optimally account for the anisotropic noise (in the 2D Fourier domain) often found in ground-based CMB experiments. Using this method, we combine multifrequency data from the Planck satellite and the Atacama Cosmology Telescope Polarimeter (ACTPol) to construct the first wide-area (≈2100 sq. deg.), arcminute-resolution component-separated maps of the CMB temperature anisotropy and the thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (tSZ) effect sourced by the inverse-Compton scattering of CMB photons off hot, ionized gas. Our ILC pipeline allows for explicit deprojection of various contaminating signals, including a modified blackbody approximation of the cosmic infrared background (CIB) spectral energy distribution. The cleaned CMB maps will be a useful resource for CMB lensing reconstruction, kinematic SZ cross-correlations, and primordial non-Gaussianity studies. The tSZ maps will be used to study the pressure profiles of galaxies, groups, and clusters through cross-correlations with halo catalogs, with dust contamination controlled via CIB deprojection. The data products described in this paper are available on LAMBDA.

关键词： Cosmic microwave background Cosmology

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Influence of Ionization and Beam Quality on Interaction of TW-Peak CO2 Laser With Hydrogen Plasma

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2018年第4期1067卷

作者： P Kumar K Yu R Samulyak Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics Stony Brook University Stony Brook New York 11794 USA Computational Science Initiative Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973 USA

3D numerical simulations of the interaction of a powerful CO2 laser with hydrogen jets demonstrating the role of ionization and laser beam quality are presented. Simulations are performed in support of the plasma wakefield accelerator experiments being conducted at the BNL Accelerator Test Facility (ATF). The CO2 laser at BNL ATF has several potential advantages for laser wakefield acceleration compared to widely used solid-state lasers. SPACE, a parallel relativistic Particle-in-Cell code, developed at SBU and BNL, has been used in these studies. A novelty of the code is its set of efficient atomic physics algorithms that compute ionization and recombination rates on the grid and transfer them to particles. The primary goal of the initial BNL experiments was to characterize the plasma density by measuring the sidebands in the spectrum of the probe laser. Simulations, that resolve hydrogen ionization and laser spectra, help explain several trends that were observed in the experiments[1].

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A multi-resolution spatial model for large datasets based on the skew-t distribution

arXiv

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Tagle, Felipe F. Castruccio, Stefano Genton, Marc G. Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics University of Notre Dame Notre DameIN46556 United States CEMSE Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia

Large, non-Gaussian spatial datasets pose a considerable modeling challenge as the dependence structure implied by the model needs to be captured at different scales, while retaining feasible inference. Skew-normal and skew-t distributions have only recently begun to appear in the spatial statistics literature, without much consideration, however, for the ability to capture dependence at multiple resolutions, and simultaneously achieve feasible inference for increasingly large data sets. This article presents the first multi-resolution spatial model inspired by the skew-t distribution, where a large-scale effect follows a multivariate normal distribution and the fine-scale effects follow a multivariate skew-normal distributions. The resulting marginal distribution for each region is skew-t, thereby allowing for greater flexibility in capturing skewness and heavy tails characterizing many environmental datasets. Likelihood-based inference is performed using a Monte Carlo EM algorithm. The model is applied as a stochastic generator of daily wind speeds over Saudi Arabia. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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First Measurement of A=4 Hypernuclei and Antihypernuclei at the LHC

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Physical Review Letters 2025年第16期134卷 162301-162301页

作者： S. Acharya A. Agarwal G. Aglieri Rinella L. Aglietta M. Agnello N. Agrawal Z. Ahammed S. Ahmad S. U. Ahn I. Ahuja A. Akindinov V. Akishina M. Al-Turany D. Aleksandrov B. Alessandro H. M. Alfanda R. Alfaro Molina B. Ali A. Alici N. Alizadehvandchali A. Alkin J. Alme G. Alocco T. Alt A. R. Altamura I. Altsybeev J. R. Alvarado C. O. R. Alvarez M. N. Anaam C. Andrei N. Andreou A. Andronic E. Andronov V. Anguelov F. Antinori P. Antonioli N. Apadula L. Aphecetche H. Appelshäuser C. Arata S. Arcelli R. Arnaldi J. G. M. C. A. Arneiro I. C. Arsene M. Arslandok A. Augustinus R. Averbeck D. Averyanov M. D. Azmi H. Baba A. Badalà J. Bae Y. W. Baek X. Bai R. Bailhache Y. Bailung R. Bala A. Balbino A. Baldisseri B. Balis Z. Banoo V. Barbasova F. Barile L. Barioglio M. Barlou B. Barman G. G. Barnaföldi L. S. Barnby E. Barreau V. Barret L. Barreto C. Bartels K. Barth E. Bartsch N. Bastid S. Basu G. Batigne D. Battistini B. Batyunya D. Bauri J. L. Bazo Alba I. G. Bearden C. Beattie P. Becht D. Behera I. Belikov A. D. C. Bell Hechavarria F. Bellini R. Bellwied S. Belokurova L. G. E. Beltran Y. A. V. Beltran G. Bencedi A. Bensaoula S. Beole Y. Berdnikov A. Berdnikova L. Bergmann M. G. Besoiu L. Betev P. P. Bhaduri A. Bhasin B. Bhattacharjee L. Bianchi J. Bielčík J. Bielčíková A. P. Bigot A. Bilandzic G. Biro S. Biswas N. Bize J. T. Blair D. Blau M. B. Blidaru N. Bluhme C. Blume G. Boca F. Bock T. Bodova J. Bok L. Boldizsár M. Bombara P. M. Bond G. Bonomi H. Borel A. Borissov A. G. Borquez Carcamo E. Botta Y. E. M. Bouziani L. Bratrud P. Braun-Munzinger M. Bregant M. Broz G. E. Bruno V. D. Buchakchiev M. D. Buckland D. Budnikov H. Buesching S. Bufalino P. Buhler N. Burmasov Z. Buthelezi A. Bylinkin S. A. Bysiak J. C. Cabanillas Noris M. F. T. Cabrera M. Cai H. Caines A. Caliva E. Calvo Villar J. M. M. Camacho P. Camerini F. D. M. Canedo S. L. Cantway M. Carabas A. A. Carballo F. Carnesecchi R. Caron L. A. D. Carvalho J. Castillo Castellanos M. Castoldi F. Catalano S. Cattaruzzi R. Cerri I. Chakaberia P. Chakraborty S. Chandra S. Cha Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS/IN2P3 LPC Clermont-Ferrand France Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre Homi Bhabha National Institute Kolkata India European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) Geneva Switzerland Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN Turin Italy Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN Turin Italy Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN Bologna Italy Department of Physics Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information Daejeon Republic of Korea Faculty of Science P.J. Šafárik University Košice Slovak Republic Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH Darmstadt Germany INFN Sezione di Torino Turin Italy Central China Normal University Wuhan China Instituto de Física Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City Mexico University of Houston Houston Texas USA Sungkyunkwan University Suwon City Republic of Korea Department of Physics and Technology University of Bergen Bergen Norway INFN Sezione di Cagliari Cagliari Italy Institut für Kernphysik Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany INFN Sezione di Bari Bari Italy Physik Department Technische Universität München Munich Germany High Energy Physics Group Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Puebla Mexico Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering Bucharest Romania University of Derby Derby United Kingdom Universität Münster Institut für Kernphysik Münster Germany Physikalisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany INFN Sezione di Padova Padova Italy INFN Sezione di Bologna Bologna Italy Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA SUBATECH I

In this Letter, the first evidence of the He¯Λ¯4 antihypernucleus is presented, along with the first measurement at the LHC of the production of (anti)hypernuclei with mass number A=4, specifically (anti)HΛ4 and (anti)HeΛ4. In addition, the antiparticle-to-particle ratios for both hypernuclei (H¯Λ¯4/HΛ4 and He¯Λ¯4/HeΛ4) are shown, which are sensitive to the baryochemical potential of the strongly interacting matter created in heavy-ion collisions. The results are obtained from a data sample of central Pb-Pb collisions, collected during the 2018 LHC data taking at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of sNN=5.02 TeV. The yields measured for the average of the charge-conjugated states are found to be [0.78±0.19(stat)±0.17(syst)]×10−6 for the (anti)HΛ4 and [1.08±0.34(stat)±0.20(syst)]×10−6 for the (anti)HeΛ4, and the measured antiparticle-to-particle ratios are in agreement with unity. The presence of (anti)HΛ4 and (anti)HeΛ4 excited states is expected to strongly enhance the production yield of these hypernuclei. The yield values exhibit a combined deviation of 3.3σ from the theoretical ground-state-only expectation, while the inclusion of the excited states in the calculations leads to an agreement within 0.6σ with the present measurements. Additionally, the measured (anti)HΛ4 and (anti)HeΛ4 masses are compatible with the world-average values within the uncertainties.

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Full Dissolution of the Whole Lithium Sulfide Family (Li2S8to Li2S) in a Safe Eutectic Solvent for Rechargeable Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

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Angewandte Chemie 2019年第17期131卷

作者： Qian Cheng Weiheng Xu Shiyi Qin Subhabrata Das Tianwei Jin Aijun Li Alex Ceng Li Boyu Qie Pengcheng Yao Haowei Zhai Changmin Shi Xin Yong Yuan Yang Program of Materials Science and Engineering Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics Columbia University 500 W 120th St New York NY 10027 USA Department of Mechanical Engineering The State University of New York Binghamton 85 Murray Hill Rd. Suite 1300 Rm#1320 Binghamton NY 13902 USA Langmuir Center of Colloids and Interfaces Columbia University 500 W 120th St New York NY 10027 USA

The lithium–sulfur battery is an attractive option for next‐generation energy storage owing to its much higher theoretical energy density than state‐of‐the‐art lithium‐ion batteries. However, the massive volume changes of the sulfur cathode and the uncontrollable deposition of Li 2 S 2 /Li 2 S significantly deteriorate cycling life and increase voltage polarization. To address these challenges, we develop an ϵ‐caprolactam/acetamide based eutectic‐solvent electrolyte, which can dissolve all lithium polysulfides and lithium sulfide (Li 2 S 8 –Li 2 S). With this new electrolyte, high specific capacity (1360 mAh g −1 ) and reasonable cycling stability are achieved. Moreover, in contrast to conventional ether electrolyte with a low flash point (ca. 2 °C), such low‐cost eutectic‐solvent‐based electrolyte is difficult to ignite, and thus can dramatically enhance battery safety. This research provides a new approach to improving lithium–sulfur batteries in aspects of both safety and performance.

关键词： Elektrolyte Eutektische Lösungsmittel Feuerschutzmittel Lithium-Schwefel-Batterien Sicherheit

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