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Electrokinetic effects in nematic suspensions: Single-particle electro-osmosis and interparticle interactions

Physical Review E 2018年第2期98卷 022703-022703页

作者： Christopher Conklin O. M. Tovkach Jorge Viñals M. Carme Calderer Dmitry Golovaty Oleg D. Lavrentovich Noel J. Walkington School of Physics and Astronomy University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455 USA Department of Mathematics The University of Akron Akron Ohio 44325 USA Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics NAS of Ukraine Metrologichna 14-b Kyiv 03680 Ukraine School of Mathematics University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455 USA Liquid Crystal Institute Department of Physics and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program Kent State University Kent Ohio 44242 USA Department of Mathematical Sciences Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA

Electrokinetic phenomena in a nematic suspension are considered when one or more dielectric particles are suspended in a liquid crystal matrix in its nematic phase. The long-range orientational order of the nematic constitutes a fluid with anisotropic properties. This anisotropy enables charge separation in the bulk under an applied electric field, and leads to streaming flows even when the applied field is oscillatory. In the cases considered, charge separation is seen to result from director field distortions in the matrix that are created by the suspended particles. We use a recently introduced electrokinetic model to study the motion of a single-particle hyperbolic hedgehog pair. We find this motion to be parallel to the defect-particle center axis, independent of field orientation. For a two-particle configuration, we find that the relative force of electrokinetic origin is attractive in the case of particles with perpendicular director anchoring, and repulsive for particles with tangential director anchoring. The study reveals large scale flow properties that are respectively derived from the topology of the configuration alone and from short scale hydrodynamics phenomena in the vicinity of the particle and defect.

关键词： Electrophoresis Colloids Liquid crystals

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Multifunctional Hyperuniform Cellular Networks: Optimality, Anisotropy and Disorder

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Torquato, S. Chen, D. Department of Chemistry Department of Physics Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Department of Chemistry Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States

Disordered hyperuniform heterogeneous materials are new, exotic amorphous states of matter that behave like crystals in the manner in which they suppress volume-fraction fluctuations at large length scales, and yet are statistically isotropic with no Bragg peaks. It has recently been shown that disordered hyperuniform dielectric two-dimensional cellular network solids possess complete photonic band gaps comparable in size to photonic crystals, while at the same time maintaining statistical isotropy, enabling waveguide geometries not possible with photonic crystals. Motivated by these developments, we explore other functionalities of various two-dimensional ordered and disordered hyperuniform cellular networks, including their effective thermal or electrical conductivities and elastic moduli. We establish the multifunctionality of a class of such low-density networks by demonstrating that they maximize or virtually maximize the effective conductivities and elastic moduli. This is accomplished using the machinery of homogenization theory, including optimal bounds and cross-property bounds, and statistical mechanics. We rigorously prove that anisotropic networks consisting of sets of intersecting parallel channels in the low-density limit, ordered or disordered, possess optimal effective conductivity tensors. For a variety of different disordered networks, we show that when short-range and long-range order increases, there is an increase in both the effective conductivity and elastic moduli of the network. Moreover, we demonstrate that the effective conductivity and elastic moduli of various disordered networks derived from disordered "stealthy" hyperuniform point patterns possess virtually optimal values. We note that the optimal networks for conductivity are also optimal for the fluid permeability associated with slow viscous flow through the channels as well as the mean survival time associated with diffusion-controlled reactions in the channels. In summary, we have

关键词： Elastic moduli

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Stochastic block models with multiple continuous attributes

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Stanley, Natalie Bonacci, Thomas Kwitt, Roland Niethammer, Marc Mucha, Peter J. Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Department of Pharmacology & Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Department of Computer Science University of Salzburg Department of Computer Science & Biomedical Research Imaging Center University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Carolina Center for Interdisciplinary Applied Mathematics Department of Mathematics University of North Carolina Chapel Hill

The stochastic block model (SBM) is a probabilistic model for community structure in networks. Typically, only the adjacency matrix is used to perform SBM parameter inference. In this paper, we consider circumstances in which nodes have an associated vector of continuous attributes that are also used to learn the node-to-community assignments and corresponding SBM parameters. While this assumption is not realistic for every application, our model assumes that the attributes associated with the nodes in a network’s community can be described by a common multivariate Gaussian model. In this augmented, attributed SBM, the objective is to simultaneously learn the SBM connectivity probabilities with the multivariate Gaussian parameters describing each community. While there are recent examples in the literature that combine connectivity and attribute information to inform community detection, our model is the first augmented stochastic block model to handle multiple continuous attributes. This provides the flexibility in biological data to, for example, augment connectivity information with continuous measurements from multiple experimental modalities. Because the lack of labeled network data often makes community detection results difficult to validate, we highlight the usefulness of our model for two network prediction tasks: link prediction and collaborative filtering. As a result of fitting this attributed stochastic block model, one can predict the attribute vector or connectivity patterns for a new node in the event of the complementary source of information (connectivity or attributes, respectively). We also highlight two biological examples where the attributed stochastic block model provides satisfactory performance in the link prediction and collaborative filtering tasks. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Population dynamics

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A Lagrangian Method for Reactive Transport with Solid/Aqueous Chemical Phase Interaction i

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Schmidt, Michael J. Pankavich, Stephen D. Navarre-Sitchler, Alexis Benson, David A. Hydrologic Science and Engineering Program Department of Geology and Geological Engineering Colorado School of Mines GoldenCO80401 United States Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics Colorado School of Mines GoldenCO80401 United States

A significant drawback of Lagrangian (particle-tracking) reactive transport models has been their inability to properly simulate interactions between solid and liquid chemical phases, such as dissolution and precipitation reactions. This work addresses that problem by implementing a mass-transfer algorithm between mobile and immobile sets of particles that allows aqueous species of reactant that are undergoing transport to interact with stationary solid species. This mass-transfer algorithm is demonstrated to solve the diffusion equation for an arbitrarily small level of diffusion and thus does not introduce any spurious mixing. The algorithm can be combined with random walks to simulate the desired total level of diffusion in a reactive transport system. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Diffusion

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Nonbacktracking bounds on the influence in independent cascade models 17

Nonbacktracking bounds on the influence in independent casca...

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Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems

作者： Emmanuel Abbe Sanjeev Kulkarni Eun Jee Lee Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics and The Department of Electrical Engineering Princeton University The Department of Electrical Engineering Princeton University Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics

ISBN: (纸本)9781510860964

This paper develops upper and lower bounds on the influence measure in a network, more precisely, the expected number of nodes that a seed set can influence in the independent cascade model. In particular, our bounds exploit nonbacktracking walks, Fortuin-Kasteleyn-Ginibre type inequalities, and are computed by message passing algorithms. Nonbacktracking walks have recently allowed for headways in community detection, and this paper shows that their use can also impact the influence computation. Further, we provide parameterized versions of the bounds that control the trade-off between the efficiency and the accuracy. Finally, the tightness of the bounds is illustrated with simulations on various network models.

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Hyperuniformity of generalized random organization models

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Ma, Zheng Torquato, Salvatore Department of Physics Princeton University and Princeton New Jersey08544 United States Department of Chemistry Department of Physics Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States

Studies of random organization models of monodisperse (i.e., identical) spherical particles have shown that a hyperuniform state is achievable when the system goes through an absorbing phase transition to a critical state. Here we investigate to what extent hyperuniformity is preserved when the model is generalized to particles with a size distribution and/or nonspherical shapes. We begin by examining binary disks in two dimensions and demonstrate that their critical states are hyperuniform as two-phase media, but not hyperuniform nor multihyperuniform as point patterns formed by the particle centroids. We further confirm the generality of our findings by studying particles with a continuous size distribution. Finally, to study the effect of rotational degrees of freedom, we extend our model to noncircular particles, namely, hard rectangles with various aspect ratios, including the hard-needle limit. Although these systems exhibit only short-range orientational order, hyperuniformity is still preserved. Our analysis reveals that the redistribution of the "mass" of the particles rather than the particle centroids is central to this dynamical process. The consideration of the "active volume fraction" of generalized random organization models may help to resolve which universality class they belong to and hence may lead to a deeper theoretical understanding of absorbing-state models. Our results suggest that general particle systems subject to random organization can be a robust way to fabricate a wide class of hyperuniform states of matter by tuning the structures via different particle-size and -shape distributions. This in turn potentially enables the creation of multifunctional hyperuniform materials with desirable optical, transport and mechanical properties. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Critical current density (superconductivity)

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Investigating the Nature of the Luminous Ambiguous Nuclear Transient ASASSN-17jz

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Holoien, Thomas W.-S. Neustadt, Jack M.M. Vallely, Patrick J. Auchettl, Katie Hinkle, Jason T. Romero-Cañizales, Cristina Shappee, Benjamin J. Kochanek, Christopher S. Stanek, K.Z. Chen, Ping Dong, Subo Prieto, Jose L. Thompson, Todd A. Brink, Thomas G. Filippenko, Alexei V. Zheng, Weikang Bersier, David Bose, Subhash Burgasser, Adam J. Channa, Sanyum De Jaeger, Thomas Hestenes, Julia Im, Myungshin Jeffers, Benjamin Jun, Hyunsung D. Lansbury, George Post, Richard S. Ross, Timothy W. Stern, Daniel Tang, Kevin Tucker, Michael A. Valenti, Stefano Yunus, Sameen Zhang, Keto D. The Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science 813 Santa Barbara St. PasadenaCA91101 United States Department of Astronomy The Ohio State University 140 West 18th Avenue ColumbusOH43210 United States School of Physics The University of Melbourne ParkvilleVIC3010 Australia Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of California Santa CruzCA95064 United States Institute for Astronomy University of Hawai'i 2680 Woodlawn Drive HonoluluHI96822 United States Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica 11F of Astronomy-Mathematics Building AS/NTU No. 1 Roosevelt Rd Taipei10617 Taiwan The Ohio State University 191 W. Woodruff Ave. ColumbusOH43210 United States Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking University Yi He Yuan Road 5 Hai Dian District Beijing100871 China Núcleo de Astronomía de la Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Universidad Diego Portales Av. Ejército 441 Santiago Chile Millennium Institute of Astrophysics Santiago Chile Department of Astronomy University of California BerkeleyCA94720-3411 United States Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Astrophysics Research Institute Liverpool John Moores University 146 Brownlow Hill LiverpoolL3 5RF United Kingdom Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences University of California San Diego La Jolla CA92093 United States Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics Columbia University New YorkNY10027-6623 United States SNU Astronomy Research Center Astronomy Program Dept. of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of School of Physics Korea Institute for Advanced Study 85 Hoegiro Dongdaemun-gu Seoul02455 Korea Republic of European Southern Observatory Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2 GarchingD-85748 Germany Post Observatory LexingtonMA02421 United States Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology 4800 Oa

We present observations of the extremely luminous but ambiguous nuclear transient (ANT) ASASSN-17jz, spanning roughly 1200 days of the object's evolution. ASASSN-17jz was discovered by the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae (ASAS-SN) in the galaxy SDSS J171955.84+414049.4 on UT 2017 July 27 at a redshift of z = 0:1641. The transient peaked at an absolute B-band magnitude of MB,peak=-22:81, corresponding to a bolometric luminosity of Lbol,peak= 8.3×1044erg s-1, and exhibited late-time ultraviolet emission that was still ongoing in our latest observations. Integrating the full light curve gives a total emitted energy of Etot= (1.36±0.08)×1052erg, with (0.80±0.02)×1052erg of this emitted within 200 days of peak light. This late-time ultraviolet emission is accompanied by increasing X-ray emission that becomes softer as it brightens. ASASSN-17jz exhibited a large number of spectral emission lines most commonly seen in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with little evidence of evolution. It also showed transient Balmer features which became fainter and broader over time, and are still being detected > 1000 days after peak brightness. We consider various physical scenarios for the origin of the transient, including supernovae (SNe), tidal disruption events (TDEs), AGN outbursts, and ANTs. We find that the most likely explanation is that ASASSN-17jz was an SN IIn occurring in or near the disk of an existing AGN, and that the late-time emission is caused by the AGN transitioning to a more active state. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Supernovae

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Local symmetry and global structure in adaptive voter models

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2018年

作者： Chodrow, Philip S. Mucha, Peter J. Operations Research Center Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Carolina Center for Interdisciplinary Applied Mathematics Department of Mathematics University of North Carolina Chapel HillNC27599-3250 United States Department of Applied Physical Sciences University of North Carolina Chapel HillNC27599-3050

Adaptive voter models (AVMs) are simple mechanistic systems that model the emergence of mesoscopic structure from local networked processes driven by conflict and homophily. AVMs display rich behavior, including a phase transition from a fully-fragmented regime of "echo-chambers" to a regime of long-time disagreement governed by low-dimensional quasistable manifolds. Many extant methods for approximating the behavior of AVMs are either restricted in scope, expensive in computation, or inaccurate in predicting important statistics. In this work, we develop a novel, second-order moment closure approximation method for binary-state rewire-to-random and rewire-to-same model variants. We incorporate a small amount of noise via a random mutation term, which renders the system ergodic. Using ergodicity, we then approximate the voting process, which is non-Markovian in the second moments of the system, with a Markovian term near the phase transition. This approximation exploits an asymmetry between different classes of voting events. The resulting scheme enables us to predict the location of the phase transition and the active edge density in the regime of persistent disagreement, across the entire space of parameters and opinion densities. Numerically, our results are nearly exact for the rewire-to-random model, and competitive with extant approaches for the rewire-to-same model. Moreover, our computations display constant scaling in the mean degree, enabling approximations for denser systems than previously possible. We conclude with suggestions for model refinements and extensions. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

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The evolutionary history of 2,658 cancers (vol 578, pg 122, 2020)

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NATURE 2023年第7948期614卷 E42-E42页

作者： Gerstung, Moritz Jolly, Clemency Leshchiner, Ignaty Dentro, Stefan C. Gonzalez, Santiago Rosebrock, Daniel Mitchell, Thomas J. Rubanova, Yulia Anur, Pavana Yu, Kaixian Tarabichi, Maxime Deshwar, Amit Wintersinger, Jeff Kleinheinz, Kortine Vazquez-Garcia, Ignacio Haase, Kerstin Jerman, Lara Sengupta, Subhajit Macintyre, Geoff Malikic, Salem Donmez, Nilgun Livitz, Dimitri G. Cmero, Marek Demeulemeester, Jonas Schumacher, Steven Fan, Yu Yao, Xiaotong Lee, Juhee Schlesner, Matthias Boutros, Paul C. Bowtell, David D. Zhu, Hongtu Getz, Gad Imielinski, Marcin Beroukhim, Rameen Sahinalp, S. Cenk Ji, Yuan Peifer, Martin Markowetz, Florian Mustonen, Ville Yuan, Ke Wang, Wenyi Morris, Quaid D. Spellman, Paul T. Wedge, David C. Van Loo, Peter European Molecular Biology Laboratory European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) Cambridge UK European Molecular Biology Laboratory Genome Biology Unit Heidelberg Germany Wellcome Sanger Institute Cambridge UK Genome Biology Unit European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Heidelberg Germany University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia The Francis Crick Institute London UK Big Data Institute University of Oxford Oxford UK Wellcome Sanger Institute Wellcome Genome Campus Hinxton UK Big Data Institute Li Ka Shing Centre University of Oxford Oxford UK University of Cambridge Cambridge UK Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Cambridge UK Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics Centre for Mathematical Sciences University of Cambridge Cambridge UK Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA Department of Statistics Columbia University New York NY USA Department of Haematology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK University of Leuven Leuven Belgium Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Center for Cancer Research Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown MA USA Department of Pathology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Center for Cancer Research Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston MA USA Department of Medical Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston MA USA Department of Cancer Biology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston MA USA Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Oxford UK Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre University of Oxford Oxford UK University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada Vector Institute Toronto Ontario Canada Vector Institute Toronto ON Canada Department of Computer Science University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada Ontario Institute for Cancer Research Toronto Ontario Canada University of California Los Angeles

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Observation of the γγ→ττ Process in Pb+Pb Collisions and Constraints on the τ-Lepton Anomalous Magnetic Moment with the ATLAS Detector

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Physical Review Letters 2023年第15期131卷 151802-151802页

作者： G. Aad B. Abbott D. C. Abbott K. Abeling S. H. Abidi A. Aboulhorma H. Abramowicz H. Abreu Y. Abulaiti A. C. Abusleme Hoffman B. S. Acharya B. Achkar L. Adam C. Adam Bourdarios L. Adamczyk L. Adamek S. V. Addepalli J. Adelman A. Adiguzel S. Adorni T. Adye A. A. Affolder Y. Afik M. N. Agaras J. Agarwala A. Aggarwal C. Agheorghiesei J. A. Aguilar-Saavedra A. Ahmad F. Ahmadov W. S. Ahmed S. Ahuja X. Ai G. Aielli I. Aizenberg M. Akbiyik T. P. A. Åkesson A. V. Akimov K. Al Khoury G. L. Alberghi J. Albert P. Albicocco M. J. Alconada Verzini S. Alderweireldt M. Aleksa I. N. Aleksandrov C. Alexa T. Alexopoulos A. Alfonsi F. Alfonsi M. Alhroob B. Ali S. Ali M. Aliev G. Alimonti C. Allaire B. M. M. Allbrooke P. P. Allport A. Aloisio F. Alonso C. Alpigiani E. Alunno Camelia M. Alvarez Estevez M. G. Alviggi Y. Amaral Coutinho A. Ambler C. Amelung C. G. Ames D. Amidei S. P. Amor Dos Santos S. Amoroso K. R. Amos C. S. Amrouche V. Ananiev C. Anastopoulos N. Andari T. Andeen J. K. Anders S. Y. Andrean A. Andreazza S. Angelidakis A. Angerami A. V. Anisenkov A. Annovi C. Antel M. T. Anthony E. Antipov M. Antonelli D. J. A. Antrim F. Anulli M. Aoki T. Aoki J. A. Aparisi Pozo M. A. Aparo L. Aperio Bella C. Appelt N. Aranzabal V. Araujo Ferraz C. Arcangeletti A. T. H. Arce E. Arena J-F. Arguin S. Argyropoulos J.-H. Arling A. J. Armbruster O. Arnaez H. Arnold Z. P. Arrubarrena Tame G. Artoni H. Asada K. Asai S. Asai N. A. Asbah E. M. Asimakopoulou J. Assahsah K. Assamagan R. Astalos R. J. Atkin M. Atkinson N. B. Atlay H. Atmani P. A. Atmasiddha K. Augsten S. Auricchio A. D. Auriol V. A. Austrup G. Avner G. Avolio K. Axiotis M. K. Ayoub G. Azuelos D. Babal H. Bachacou K. Bachas A. Bachiu F. Backman A. Badea P. Bagnaia M. Bahmani A. J. Bailey V. R. Bailey J. T. Baines C. Bakalis O. K. Baker P. J. Bakker E. Bakos D. Bakshi Gupta S. Balaji R. Balasubramanian E. M. Baldin P. Balek E. Ballabene F. Balli L. M. Baltes W. K. Balunas J. Balz E. Banas M. Bandieramonte A. Bandyopadhyay S. Bansal L. Barak E. L. Barberio D. Barberis M. Barbero G. Ba CPPM Aix-Marseille Université CNRS/IN2P3 Marseille France Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma USA Department of Physics University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts USA II. Physikalisches Institut Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Göttingen Germany Physics Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York USA Faculté des sciences Université Mohammed V Rabat Morocco Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel Department of Physics Technion Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel Department of Physics New York University New York New York USA Departamento de Física Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine Sezione di Trieste Udine Italy ICTP Trieste Italy Institut für Physik Universität Mainz Mainz Germany LAPP Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS/IN2P3 Annecy France AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science Krakow Poland Department of Physics University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada Department of Physics Brandeis University Waltham Massachusetts USA Department of Physics Northern Illinois University DeKalb Illinois USA Department of Physics Istanbul University Istanbul Türkiye Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire Université de Genève Genève Switzerland Particle Physics Department Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot United Kingdom Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics University of California Santa Cruz California USA CERN Geneva Switzerland Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain INFN Sezione di Pavia Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Pavia Pavia Italy Department of Physics Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi Iasi Romania Departamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos Universidad de Granada Granada (Spain) Spain Affiliated with an

This Letter reports the observation of τ-lepton-pair production in ultraperipheral lead-lead collisions Pb+Pb→Pb(γγ→ττ)Pb and constraints on the τ-lepton anomalous magnetic moment aτ. The dataset corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.44 nb−1 of LHC Pb+Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV recorded by the ATLAS experiment in 2018. Selected events contain one muon from a τ-lepton decay, an electron or charged-particle track(s) from the other τ-lepton decay, little additional central-detector activity, and no forward neutrons. The γγ→ττ process is observed in Pb+Pb collisions with a significance exceeding 5 standard deviations and a signal strength of μττ=1.03−0.05+0.06 assuming the standard model value for aτ. To measure aτ, a template fit to the muon transverse-momentum distribution from τ-lepton candidates is performed, using a dimuon (γγ→μμ) control sample to constrain systematic uncertainties. The observed 95% confidence-level interval for aτ is −0.057

关键词： Particle production Quantum electrodynamics Leptons Precision measurements

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