Single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has recently joined X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy as a high-resolution structural method for biological macromolecules. Cryo-EM was selected by Nature Me...
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The article discusses the partial solution to image deblurring. In this problem, the best way to choose the regularization parameter is by eye. Some nonlinear reconstruction algorithms that reduce the problem are also...
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The article discusses the partial solution to image deblurring. In this problem, the best way to choose the regularization parameter is by eye. Some nonlinear reconstruction algorithms that reduce the problem are also discussed. In many applications, one must choose the regularization parameter by automatic methods rather than by eye.
Without rapid emission reduction, it is increasingly likely that global temperatures will overshoot 1.5°C before carbon dioxide removal may help reverse warming. Such temperature overshoots affect the future hydr...
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Signaling interactions between cancer cells and nonmalignant cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are believed to influence tumor progression and drug resistance. However, the genomic machineries mediating such a...
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Signaling interactions between cancer cells and nonmalignant cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are believed to influence tumor progression and drug resistance. However, the genomic machineries mediating such an influence remain elusive, making it difficult to determine therapeutic targets on the tumor and its microenvironment. Here, we argue that a computational model, derived from the integration of evolutionary game theory and ecosystem theory through allometric scaling law, can chart the genomic atlas of high-order interaction networks involving tumor cells, TME, and tumor mass. We assess the application of this model to identify the causal influence of gene-induced tumor-TME crosstalk on tumor growth. The findings demonstrate that cooperation and competition between tumor cells and their infiltrating microenvironment promote or inhibit tumor growth in diverse ways. We identify specific genes that govern this promotion or inhibition, which can be used as genetic targets to alter tumor growth. This model opens up a new avenue to precisely infer the genomic underpinnings of tumor-TME interactions and their impact on tumor progression from any omics data.
The behavior of interacting electrons in a perfect crystal under macroscopic external electric and magnetic fields is studied. Effective Maxwell equations for the macroscopic electric and magnetic fields are derived s...
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The behavior of interacting electrons in a perfect crystal under macroscopic external electric and magnetic fields is studied. Effective Maxwell equations for the macroscopic electric and magnetic fields are derived starting from time-dependent density functional theory. Effective permittivity and permeability coefficients are obtained.
In this paper we establish an asymptotic expansion near the boundary for solutions to the Dirichlet problem of elliptic equations with singularities near the *** expansion formula shows the singularity profile of solu...
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In this paper we establish an asymptotic expansion near the boundary for solutions to the Dirichlet problem of elliptic equations with singularities near the *** expansion formula shows the singularity profile of solutions at the *** deal with both linear and nonlinear elliptic equations,including fully nonlinear elliptic equations and equations of Monge-Ampère type.
Cell packs a lot of genetic and regulatory information through a structure known as chromatin,*** is wrapped around histone proteins and is tightly packed in a remarkable *** express a gene in a specific coding region...
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Cell packs a lot of genetic and regulatory information through a structure known as chromatin,*** is wrapped around histone proteins and is tightly packed in a remarkable *** express a gene in a specific coding region,the chromatin would open up and DNA loop may be formed by interacting enhancers and ***,the mediator and cohesion complexes,sequence-specific transcription factors,and RNA polymerase Ⅱ are recruited and work together to elaborately regulate the expression *** is in pressing need to understand how the information,about when,where,and to what degree genes should be expressed,is embedded into chromatin structure and gene regulatory *** to large consortia such as Encyclopedia of DNA Elements(ENCODE) and Roadmap Epigenomic projects,extensive data on chromatin accessibility and transcript abundance are available across many tissues and cell *** rich data offer an exciting opportunity to model the causal regulatory ***,we will review the current experimental approaches,foundational data,computational problems,interpretive frameworks,and integrative models that will enable the accurate interpretation of regulatory ***,we will discuss the efforts to organize,analyze,model,and integrate the DNA accessibility data,transcriptional data,and functional genomic regions *** believe that these efforts will eventually help us understand the information flow within the cell and will influence research directions across many fields.
We present a new formulation of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equation in terms of an auxiliary field that differs from the velocity by a gauge transformation. The gauge freedom allows us to assign simple and speci...
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