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Detection of latent brain states from spontaneous neural activity in the amygdala

PLoS Computational Biology 2025年第2期21卷 e1012247页

作者： Aucoin, Alexa Lin, Kevin K. Gothard, Katalin M. Program in Applied Mathematics University of Arizona TucsonAZ United States Department of Mathematics University of Arizona TucsonAZ United States Department of Physiology University of Arizona TucsonAZ United States

The amygdala responds to a large variety of socially and emotionally salient environmental and interoceptive stimuli. The context in which these stimuli occur determines their social and emotional significance. In canonical neurophysiological studies, the fast-paced succession of stimuli and events induce phasic changes in neural activity. During inter-trial intervals neural activity is expected to return to a stable and featureless level of spontaneous activity, often called baseline. In previous studies we found that context, such as the presence of a social partner, induces brain states that can transcend the fast-paced succession of stimuli and can be recovered from the spontaneous, inter-trial firing rate of neurons. Indeed, the spontaneous firing rates of neurons in the amygdala are different during blocks of gentle grooming touches delivered by a trusted social partner, and during blocks of non-social airflow stimuli delivered by a computer-controlled air valve. Here, we examine local field potentials (LFPs) recorded during periods of spontaneous activity to determine whether information about context can be extracted from these signals. We found that information about social vs. non-social context is present in the local field potential during periods of spontaneous activity between the application of grooming and airflow stimuli, as machine learning techniques can reliably decode context from spectrograms of spontaneous LFPs. No significant differences were detected between the nuclei of the amygdala that receive direct or indirect inputs from areas of the prefrontal cortex known to coordinate flexible, context-dependent behaviors. The lack of nuclear specificity suggests that context-related synaptic inputs arise from a shared source, possibly interoceptive inputs, that signal the physiological state of the body during social and non-social blocks of tactile stimulation. © 2025 Aucoin et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the

关键词： Neurons

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Exploring Human Attribution of Emotional Intent to Motion Features in a Humanoid Robot 16th

Exploring Human Attribution of Emotional Intent to Motion ...

引用

16th International Conference on Social Robotics, ICSR + AI 2024

作者： Otterdijk, Marieke van Neggers, Margot Torresen, Jim Barakova, Emilia RITMO Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm Time and Motion and the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Department of Informatics University of Oslo Oslo Norway Academy for AI Games & Media Breda University of Applied Sciences Breda Netherlands Department of Industrial Design University of Technology Eindhoven Eindhoven Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9789819635184

Nonverbal communication is essential for acceptance and seamless interaction with robots. However, which features of a social robot influence the perception of valance, arousal, and dominance? Our pilot study addresses this question by letting 30 senior adult participants observe twenty-seven short videos of a Pepper robot moving into an expressive pose, after which they filled out a questionnaire. Our results indicate that the torso influences the perceived valence, movement speed influences the perceived arousal, and the position of the arms influences the perceived dominance. These findings can aid in designing emotional intent behaviors for robots more effectively and intuitively in future studies. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Microrobots

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Fast alignment of heterogeneous images in sliced Wasserstein distance

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Shi, Yunpeng Singer, Amit Verbeke, Eric J. Department of Mathematics University of California at Davis DavisCA United States Department of Mathematics Princeton University PrincetonNJ United States Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University PrincetonNJ United States

Many applications of computer vision rely on the alignment of similar but non-identical images. We present a fast algorithm for aligning heterogeneous images based on optimal transport. Our approach combines the speed of fast Fourier methods with the robustness of sliced probability metrics and allows us to efficiently compute the alignment between two L × L images using the sliced 2-Wasserstein distance in O(L2 log L) operations. We show that our method is robust to translations, rotations and deformations in the images. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

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Radiative Vlasov-Maxwell Equations

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Constantin, Peter Grayer, Hezekiah Department of Mathematics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Program in Applied an Computational Mathematics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States

In the radiative Vlasov-Maxwell equations, the Lorentz force is modified by the addition of radiation reaction forces. The radiation forces produce damping of particle energy but the forces are no longer divergence-free in momentum space, which has an effect of concentration to zero momentum. We prove unconditional global regularity of solutions for a class of radiative Vlasov-Maxwell equations with large initial *** Codes 35Q70, 35Q83 © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Maxwell equations

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Machine learning of microstructure–property relationships in materials with robust features from foundational vision transformers

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Whitman, Sheila E. Latypov, Marat I. Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Applied Mathematics University of Arizona TucsonAZ85721 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Arizona TucsonAZ85721 United States

Machine learning of microstructure–property relationships from data is an emerging approach in computational materials science. Most existing machine learning efforts focus on the development of task-specific models for each microstructure–property relationship. We propose utilizing pre-trained foundational vision transformers for the extraction of task-agnostic microstructure features and subsequent light-weight machine learning of a microstructure-dependent property. We demonstrate our approach with pre-trained state-of-the-art vision transformers (CLIP, DINOV2, SAM) in two case studies on machine-learning: (i) elastic modulus of two-phase microstructures based on simulations data;and (ii) Vicker’s hardness of Ni-base and Co-base superalloys based on experimental data published in literature. Our results show the potential of foundational vision transformers for robust microstructure representation and efficient machine learning of microstructure–property relationships without the need for expensive task-specific training or fine-tuning of bespoke deep learning models. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Elastic moduli

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SECOND-ORDER FLOWS FOR APPROACHING STATIONARY POINTS OF A CLASS OF NONCONVEX ENERGIES VIA CONVEX-SPLITTING SCHEMES

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SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing 2025年第3期47卷 A1604-A1627页

作者： Chen, Haifan Dong, Guozhi Iglesias, José A. Liu, Wei Xie, Ziqing MOE-LCSM School of Mathematics and Statistics Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies Hunan Normal University Changsha410081 China Institute for Math & AI Wuhan University Wuhan430072 China School of Mathematics and Statistics Hunan Research Center of the Basic Discipline for Analytical Mathematics HNP-LAMA Central South University Changsha410083 China Department of Applied Mathematics University of Twente Enschede7500 AE Netherlands Department of Mathematics National University of Defense Technology Changsha410073 China

This paper contributes to the exploration of a recently introduced computational paradigm known as second-order flows, which are characterized by novel dissipative hyperbolic partial differential equations extending accelerated gradient flows to energy functionals defined on Sobolev spaces, and exhibiting significant performance particularly for the minimization of nonconvex energies. Our approach hinges upon convex-splitting schemes, a tool which is not only pivotal for clarifying the well-posedness of second-order flows, but also yields a versatile array of robust numerical schemes through temporal (and spatial) discretization. We prove the convergence to stationary points of such schemes in the semidiscrete setting. Further, we establish their convergence to time-continuous solutions as the timestep tends to zero. Finally, these algorithms undergo thorough testing and validation in approaching stationary points of representative nonconvex variational models in scientific computing. © 2025 Society for Industrial and applied mathematics.

关键词： Partial differential equations

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Supports of quasi-copulas

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2025年

作者： Fernández-Sánchez, Juan Quesada-Molina, José Juan Úbeda-Flores, Manuel Research Group of Theory of Copulas and Applications University of Almería Almería04120 Spain Interdisciplinary Mathematics Institute Complutense University of Madrid Madrid28040 Spain Department of Applied Mathematics University of Granada Granada18071 Spain Department of Mathematics University of Almería Almería04120 Spain

It is known that for every s ∈]1, 2[ there is a copula whose support is a self-similar fractal set with Hausdorff —and box-counting— dimension s. In this paper we provide similar results for (proper) quasi-copulas,... 详细信息

关键词： Fractal dimension

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MathReader : Text-to-Speech for Mathematical Documents

MathReader : Text-to-Speech for Mathematical Documents

引用

International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Sieun Hyeon Kyudan Jung Nam-Joon Kim Hyun Gon Ryu Jaeyoung Do Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul National University Department of Mathematics Chung-Ang University NVIDIA Interdisciplinary Program in Artificial Intelligence Seoul National University

ISBN: (数字)9798350368741

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368758

TTS (Text-to-Speech) document reader from Microsoft, Adobe, Apple, and OpenAI have been serviced worldwide. They provide relatively good TTS results for general plain text, but sometimes skip contents or provide unsatisfactory results for mathematical expressions. This is because most modern academic papers are written in LaTeX, and when LaTeX formulas are compiled, they are rendered as distinctive text forms within the document. However, traditional TTS document readers output only the text as it is recognized, without considering the mathematical meaning of the formulas. To address this issue, we propose MathReader, which effectively integrates OCR, a fine-tuned T5 model, and TTS. MathReader demonstrated a lower Word Error Rate (WER) than existing TTS document readers, such as Microsoft Edge and Adobe Acrobat, when processing documents containing mathematical formulas. MathReader reduced the WER from 0.510 to 0.281 compared to Microsoft Edge, and from 0.617 to 0.281 compared to Adobe Acrobat. This will significantly contribute to alleviating the inconvenience faced by users who want to listen to documents, especially those who are visually impaired. The code is available at https://***/hyeonsieun/MathReader.

关键词： Text recognition Error analysis Pipelines Optical character recognition Graphics processing units Signal processing Real-time systems Mathematical models Text to speech Speech processing

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Synergetic effects of multiple junction and surface hydroxyl in Cu/CuO/Cu2O/TiO2 heterostructures towards highly efficient photocatalysts for hydrogen generation

引用

Materials Science for Energy Technologies 2025年 8卷 131-142页

作者： Subagyo, Riki Anindika, Garcelina Rizky Aufkani, Afif Akmal Zhang, Lei Ardhyananta, Hosta Burhan, R.Y. Perry Nugraheni, Zjahra Vianita Akhlus, Syafsir Bahruji, Hasliza Prasetyoko, Didik Wellia, Diana Vanda Ivansyah, Atthar Luqman Arramel Kusumawati, Yuly Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Analytic Data Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya60111 Indonesia Center of Excellence Applied Physics and Chemistry Nano Center Indonesia Jl PUSPIPTEK South Tangerang Banten15314 Indonesia Department of Physics National University of Singapore Singapore117551 Singapore Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya60111 Indonesia Centre of Advanced Material and Energy Science Universiti Brunei Darussalam Jalan Tungku Link BE 1410 Brunei Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Andalas Padang25163 Indonesia Master Program in Computational Science Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science Institut Teknologi Bandung Jalan Ganesha No. 10 Bandung40132 Indonesia Instrumentation and Computational Physics Research Group Department of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Institut Teknologi Bandung Jalan Ganesha No.10 West Java Bandung40132 Indonesia

The implementation of titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a photocatalyst material in hydrogen (H2) evolution reaction (HER) has embarked renewed interest in the past decade. Rapid electron-hole pairs recombination and wide band gap of a photo-sensitive material of TiO2 are detrimental toward the targeted catalytical reaction. In this study, we present the rational design, fabrication, photocatalytic performance of TiO2-Cu/CuO/Cu2O heterostructures (CuTi) using viable chemical reduction method. The Z-scheme and S-scheme are succesfully generated across the TiO2/CuO/Cu2O interfaces, while the Schottky junction arises on the Cu perimeters. This is evidenced from the blue shifted about 0.3 eV of Cu 2p core level determined by using X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), in combination with the formation of inverse V-shape of the Mott-Schottky plots. In addition, we find that Cu/CuO/Cu2O facilitates photon absorption range up to the visible region. The multiple heterojunction and the large number of OHsurface enhanced charge carrier transfer are associated to the suppression of photoluminescence (PL) intensity, high surface hydroxyl (OHsurface) density in CuTi probed by XPS, and fast electron transfer based on the electrochemical measurements. The presence of OHsurface inhibits the recombination of electron. A significant H2 photogeneration rate enhancement is achieved when an optimized 5 wt% Cu/CuO/Cu2O concentration is used on TiO2 to achieve 7,157.19 μmol·g−1 (1,789.30 μmol·g−1·h−1). Based on this finding, zero emission energy innitiative could be materialized under multiple heterojunctions in photocatalytic process is beneficial for enhancing the H2 production. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Titanium dioxide

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Learning algorithms for mean field optimal control

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Soner, H. Mete Teichmann, Josef Yan, Qinxin Department of Operations Research and Financial Engineering Princeton University PrincetonNJ08540 United States Department of Mathematics ETH Zürich Switzerland Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08540 United States

We analyze an algorithm to numerically solve the mean-field optimal control problems by approximating the optimal feedback controls using neural networks with problem specific architectures. We approximate the model by an N-particle system and leverage the exchangeability of the particles to obtain substantial computational efficiency. In addition to several numerical examples, a convergence analysis is provided. We also developed a universal approximation theorem on Wasserstein *** Codes 35Q89, 35D40, 49L25, 60G99 © 2025, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Optimal control systems

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