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ICO International Conference on Information Photonics

作者： El-Khozondar, Hala J. Muller, Mathias S. El-Khozondar, Rifa J. Koch, Alexander W. Electrical Engineering Department Islamic University of Gaza P.O. Box 108 Gaza Palestinian Territory Israel Institute for Measurement Systems and Sensor Technology Technical University Munich Germany Physics Department Al-Aqsa University Gaza Palestinian Territory Israel

ISBN: (纸本)9781612843155

The growth in the capacity of electric power system creates a necessity demand on protection relaying systems. Optical current transducers (OCT) which are mainly single mode optical fiber subjected to Faraday rotation are used as replacement for EM transducers for their immunity to the EM interference. However, the sensitivity to currents depends on the Verdet constant which is low in optical fiber but the optical path length can be increased to compensate for it by winding the fiber around a current carrying element a large number of turns. In this work, we would like to study the effect of the inhomogeneity of the magnetic field induced by the current in the sensitivity of the optical fiber sensor. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Optical fibers

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Magnetic field inhomogeneity induced on the magneto-optical current sensors

Magnetic field inhomogeneity induced on the magneto-optical ...

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ICO International Conference on Information Photonics (IP)

作者： Hala J. El-Khozondar Mathias S. Müller Rifa J. El-Khozondar Alexander W. Koch Electrical Engineering Department Palestinian Territory Islamic University of Gaza Gaza UAE Institute for Measurement Systems and Sensor Technology Technical University Munich Germany Physics Department Palestinian Territory Al-Aqsa University Gaza UAE

关键词： Optical polarization Optical fiber sensors Solenoids Optical fibers

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Position estimation using artificial generated magnetic fields

Position estimation using artificial generated magnetic fiel...

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International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN)

作者： Jörg Blankenbach Abdelmoumen Norrdine Geodetic Institute Department of Geodetic Measurement Systems and Sensor Technology Technische Universität Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany

A positioning system is introduced which overcomes the limitations of existing indoor positioning systems by the use of artificial quasi static magnetic fields. The proposed DC magnetic signals show no special multipath effects and have excellent characteristics for penetrating various obstacles. In this contribution the theory of coil-based magnetic fields as well as the basic function principle of the positioning system are described. Furthermore, a prototype that is currently under development is presented.

关键词： Magnetic fields Coils Magnetic field measurement Mathematical model Accuracy Equations Magnetic sensors

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Modelling the capacitive coupling of sensors applied to the contactless inspection of planar electronics

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Procedia Engineering 2010年 5卷 400-403页

作者： M. Koerdel F. Alatas A. Schick S.J. Rupitsch R. Lerch Corporate Technology CT T DE HW2 Siemens AG Munich Germany Department of of Sensor Technology Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg Germany Institute of Measurement Systems and Sensor Technology Technische Universität München Germany

A model aimed to describe the capacitance between probe electrodes and the conductive parts of planar electronic devices is presented. The probe electrodes are the constitutive part of a sensor chip used in an inspection system which is exclusively based on capacitive coupling and employed for the inspection of devices such as flat panel displays and printed electronic circuits. Finite element (FE) simulations of the sensor signal are used to determine the model parameters and to verify the obtained results. The capacitive coupling for arbitrary configurations of parallel arranged conductor tracks and various distances between the tracks and the sensor chip is reproduced by the model. Absolute values of the capacitance with deviations below 5% can be obtained.

关键词： Flat panel display (FPD) Planar electronic device Contactless inspection system Capacitive coupling Finite element (FE) simulation Nonmatching grids

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A basic study of ultrasonic shear wave elastography in tissue-mimicking phantoms

A basic study of ultrasonic shear wave elastography in tissu...

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IEEE International Workshop on Medical measurement and Applications (MEMEA)

作者： V. Rengaraju A.F.F. da Silva I. Sack Ch. Kargel Institute for Measurement and Automation Division of Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems Bundeswehr University of Munich Neubiberg Germany Department of Radiology Charité Universitatsmedizin Berlin Campus Mitte Berlin Germany

Since many diseases cause changes in the mechanical properties of soft tissues, it is of interest to image their elasticity. Detection of tumors in early stages is challenging but paramount for the proper treatment of patients and thus to reduce the mortality rate. Elasticity imaging (elastography) has great potential to improve tumor diagnosis and is being developed and tested by several research groups with ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). As opposed to MRI, medical ultrasound is widely available, much more cost-effective and most of all a real-time imaging modality. In this paper we evaluate ultrasonic shear wave elastography, a dynamic approach to determine soft tissue properties. Our feasibility study using tissue-mimicking phantoms demonstrates that low frequency shear wave oscillation amplitudes in the micrometer range can be measured using commercial ultrasound scanners in combination with a particular signal processing method. Stiff tissue regions (tumors) show smaller shear wave amplitudes than the surrounding normal tissue. Not only can the examination time be reduced from about 10-20 minutes (MRI) to a few seconds, it may also soon be possible to detect certain cardiovascular dysfunctions in real-time using ultrasonic shear wave elastography.

关键词： Imaging phantoms Magnetic resonance imaging Ultrasonic imaging Neoplasms Biological tissues Elasticity Diseases Mechanical factors Medical treatment Testing

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Hysteresis modelling of NiZn-Ferrites

Hysteresis modelling of NiZn-Ferrites

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International Spring Seminar on Electronics technology

作者： Paul Fulmek Peter Haumer Gert Holler Department of Applied Electronic Materials Institute of Sensor and Actuator Systems University of Technology Vienna Vienna Austria Institute of Electrical Measurement and Measurement Signal Processing Graz University of Technology Austria

The energetic model of ferromagnetic hysteresis (EM) is applied to typical MnZn-ferrite-material. The EM simulates hysteresis loops from the demagnetised state up to saturation, including all sorts of major and minor loops and their dependence on the rate of change with time. Due to the high specific resistivity of ferrites the hysteresis losses dominate the losses of ferrite components, even at high frequencies. The EM is used to directly determine hysteresis losses for small excitations by a Rayleigh-law-approximation. The simulation results are compared to measurements on a typical commercial MnZn-ferrite-torus.

关键词： Magnetic hysteresis Magnetic materials Anisotropic magnetoresistance Toroidal magnetic fields Magnetic anisotropy Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy Biological system modeling Saturation magnetization Magnetostriction Equations

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Stress effect on optical nonlinear waveguide sensor

Stress effect on optical nonlinear waveguide sensor

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作者： El-Khozondar, H.J. El-Khozondar, R.J. Shabat, M.M. Koch, A.W. Islamic University Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Palestinian Authority P.O.Box 108 Gaza Strip Al-Aqsa University Physics Department Palestinian Authority Gaza Gaza Strip Islamic University Physics Department Palestinian Authority P.O.Box 108 Gaza Strip Technische Universität München Institute for Measurement Systems and Sensor Technology D-80290 München Germany Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems Nöthnitzer Straße 38 01187 Dresden Germany

It has been observed in photoelectric devices that stresses and strains can cause inhomogeneous distribution of the refractive index which affects their performance. The purpose of this paper is to study the stress effect on the behavior of optical waveguide sensor containing a dielectric film sandwiched between a linear substrate and a nonlinear cladding. The cladding refractive index profile is assumed to have Kerr like intensity dependence. The effective refractive indices and mode shapes of the optical waveguide sensor subject to different stress states are calculated analytically. The effect of such variation on the light intensity and implications on the sensor sensitivity are investigated. It is found that stress can affect the optical sensitivity performance.

关键词： Optical sensors

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Reflection-based surface segmentation using active illumination

Reflection-based surface segmentation using active illuminat...

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IMTC'06 - IEEE Instrumentation and measurement technology Conference

作者： Lindner, C. Puente León, F. Department of Measurement Systems and Sensor Technology Technische Universität München Theresienstr. 90/N5 80333 München Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0780393600

Segmentation plays an important role in image processing. Its goal is to divide an image into disjoint parts by defined rules. We present a method to accomplish an illumination-based segmentation of structured surfaces based on surface properties. To this end, an illumination series-i.e. a series of images taken with directional light from different directions-is recorded. For each location of the surface, a signal is extracted which describes the intensity of the corresponding point depending on the illumination angle. From this signal, features are extracted that enable a pointwise segmentation of the surface. Aided by suitable parametric models, the surface reflectance is described, and the corresponding parameters are estimated from the intensity signal. Moreover, the effect of sampling the illumination space is discussed. On the one hand, it is desirable to keep the number of illumination angles as small as possible. On the other hand, a minimum number of images is needed to achieve a reliable segmentation. The performance of the proposed approach is demonstrated with real images. They prove that the higher data acquisition expense is compensated by a significant increase of both the spatial resolution and the robustness. ©2006 IEEE.

关键词： Image segmentation

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Reflection-based Surface Segmentation using Active Illumination

Reflection-based Surface Segmentation using Active Illuminat...

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IEEE Instrumentation and measurement technology Conference

作者： C. Lindner F. Puente Leon Department of Measurement Systems and Sensor Technology Technische Universität München Munchen Germany

Segmentation plays an important role in image processing. Its goal is to divide an image into disjoint parts by defined rules. We present a method to accomplish an illumination-based segmentation of structured surfaces based on surface properties. To this end, an illumination series - i.e. a series of images taken with directional light from different directions - is recorded. For each location of the surface, a signal is extracted which describes the intensity of the corresponding point depending on the illumination angle. From this signal, features are extracted that enable a pointwise segmentation of the surface. Aided by suitable parametric models, the surface reflectance is described, and the corresponding parameters are estimated from the intensity signal. Moreover, the effect of sampling the illumination space is discussed. On the one hand, it is desirable to keep the number of illumination angles as small as possible. On the other hand, a minimum number of images is needed to achieve a reliable segmentation. The performance of the proposed approach is demonstrated with real images. They prove that the higher data acquisition expense is compensated by a significant increase of both the spatial resolution and the robustness

关键词： Lighting Image segmentation Image processing Feature extraction Parametric statistics Reflectivity Parameter estimation Image sampling Data acquisition Spatial resolution

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