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IEEE International Conference on Soft Robotics (RoboSoft)

作者： Jacobo Cervera-Torralba Yuxiang Kang Eesa M. Khan Iman Adibnazari Michael T. Tolley Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California San Diego (UCSD) La Jolla CA USA Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California San Diego (UCSD) La Jolla CA USA

Biologically inspired soft anguilliform swimming robots show great promise in underwater exploration. Their soft bodies promise to reduce the chance of harming humans or wildlife with which they come into contact, and also to reduce their chance of becoming stuck in complex environments. Furthermore, the efficiency of anguilliform swimming may enable long duration operation. However, the design and fabrication of soft anguilliform swimming robots remain challenging. Here we present a design concept for a modular soft anguilliform robot. To address the challenge of consistently fabricating modules for this design, we also present a new fabrication method that combines injection molding and lost-core molding for the consistent fabrication of bi-directional fluidic elastomer actuator modules. We evaluate the consistency of the fabrication method through visual inspection, weight measurements, bending angle measurements and the measurement of force output of the actuator. This work represents a step towards an autonomous eel-inspired soft robot, as well as a new fabrication approach that may enable a number of other new soft robotic systems.

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Manufacturing of PEEK-PDMS Composite materials for Intervertebral Disc Implants

Manufacturing of PEEK-PDMS Composite Materials for Intervert...

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International Conference on Electronics Packaging (ICEP)

作者： Heng-ching Mie Yu-chen Liu Jun Mizuno Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Cheng Kung University Program on Smart and Sustainable Manufacturing Academy of Innovative Semiconductor and Sustainable Manufacturing National Cheng Kung University Department of Mechanical Engineering National Cheng Kung University

ISBN: (数字)9784991191176

ISBN: (纸本)9798350385908

The current treatment approach for lower back pain caused by intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration involves the use of PEEK (polyether ether ketone) polymer or titanium alloy based spinal cages to replace the degenerated IVD. However, this method not only restricts the natural mobility of the vertebrae but also fails to mimic the structure and function of the human IVD with a single material. Additionally, the use of high-hardness materials may lead to vertebral settling, further contributing to lower back pain. Therefore, this study is dedicated to utilizing high-biocompatibility polymer (PEEK and Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)) composites to create an artificial IVD closely mimics the real intervertebral disc. Through adjusting the manufacture parameters, the proportion of PEEK and PDMS, and the porosity we were able to achieve the elastic modulus that is close to those of humans' IVD. Furthermore, the dual-layer structure can better replicate the functions and structure of human intervertebral disc then spinal cage.

关键词： Titanium alloys Pain Spine Implants Back mechanical factors Manufacturing

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Computational inverse design of acoustoplasmonic metasurfaces

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Holland, Julia E. Boechler, Nicholas Poulikakos, Lisa V. Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering UC La Jolla San DiegoCA92093-0021 United States Program in Materials Science & Engineering UC La Jolla San DiegoCA92093-0021 United States

Optical and acoustic metasurfaces are two-dimensional arrays of subwavelength elements that locally modulate or phase shift incident waves. Acoustoplasmonic metasurfaces combine the physics of light and sound, producing acoustic wavefronts in response to optical stimuli. Herein, we present a computational inverse acoustoplasmonic metasurface design algorithm for desired optically-generated acoustic wave fields. We consider gold nanoparticles producing spherical acoustic waves in water, and the resulting acoustic wave propagation along the plane containing the nanoparticle array. We demonstrate how our algorithm can be used to design metasurfaces that can be used to achieve complex acoustic wave fields. This includes the design of a single metasurface that produces acoustic wave fields mimicking two different Morse code patterns upon stimulation with two orthogonal polarization states of light. This work provides a new tool for the design of complex optically generated acoustic wavefronts, enabling functionality beyond what would be achievable with off-optical-resonance optoacoustic excitation. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Acoustic wave propagation

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Chemically Recovered Lithium Dendrites Enabled by Gradient-Distributed Liquid Metal Particles in Composite Polymer Electrolytes

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ACS Nano 2025年第21期19卷 20163-20171页

作者： Zheng, Tianrui Ju, Zhengyu Marschilok, Amy C. Takeuchi, Esther S. Takeuchi, Kenneth J. Yu, Guihua Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Institute of Energy: Sustainability Environment and Equity Stony Brook University Stony BrookNY11794 United States Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Stony Brook University Stony BrookNY11794 United States Department of Chemistry Stony Brook University Stony BrookNY11794 United States Interdisciplinary Science Department Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNY11973 United States

The increasing demand for high-energy-density rechargeable batteries has spurred significant advancements in lithium (Li) metal batteries employing solid polymer electrolytes. Extensive efforts have been devoted to tackling the crucial shorting problem in cycled polymer electrolytes via tuning the polymer chemistries and polymer-metal interfacial properties. However, the working principles of these designs mainly focus on physical/chemical suppression, instead of full recovery of the grown dendrites. Here, we propose an effective gradient design in polymer electrolytes by introducing Ga-based liquid metal (LM) particles with a depth-dependent content, enabling effective recovery of Li dendrites via spontaneous alloying reaction. Such an asymmetric electrolyte configuration is capable of fully chemically alloying the dendrites upon their puncturing into the LM-rich layer, while inhibiting electrical percolation at the LM-free layer, especially under mechanical pressure during cell assembly. Post-mortem analyses reveal the structural deformation of piercing dendrites into spherical Li-LM alloys, thereby preventing shorting even with extended cycles. Consequently, ultrastable cycling stabilities are achieved in both symmetric cells (>2000 h) and Li/LiFePO4 full cells (>400 cycles;average CE of 99.86%). These findings not only exploit dendrite recovery functionality by using LM-based gradient electrolytes but also highlight the potential of incorporating gradient designs in various battery systems. © 2025 American Chemical Society.

关键词： Lithium batteries

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Stiffness of In-Situ Formed Interleaving Polymeric Nanofiber-Epoxy Nanocomposites

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Open Journal of Composite materials 2024年第4期14卷 147-157页

作者： Farzin Javanshour Kaan Bilge Abdul Bari Abdul Raheman Melih Papila VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd. Tampere Finland Insight Technology Development and Consultancy Kozyata Istanbul Trkiye Materials Science & Nano Engineering Program Sabanci University Istanbul Trkiye Department of Mechanical Engineering California State University Northridge Northridge USA

This study proposes a facile, but precise method to back-calculate the effective modulus of nanocomposite interleaving plies. Adaptation of a conventional dry-reinforcement resin film infusion (RFI) approach allows interleaving neat epoxy layers (NE) with the epoxy-infused nanofibrous plies (XE) of constant thickness. The final cured nanocomposite laminate thus has the form (NE/XE)n, where “n” denotes the number of the repeats and enables clear distinction of the nanocomposite interlayers through the thickness. mechanical testing of neat epoxy and laminated nanocomposite specimens can be coupled with the classical lamination theory for back-calculating in-plane elastic modulus of the individual epoxy-infused nanofibrous plies (EXE). Finite element analysis (FEA) and testing the laminated nanocomposite subject to flexural loading (3-point bending) are proposed to validate the analytically back-calculated EXE. It is shown that the FEA prediction incorporating EXE and testing for flexural modulus of (NE/XE)20 laminated nanocomposites correlate well and the results are within 5%. This finding suggests that the back-calculation scheme reported herein would be attractive for accurately determining the properties of an individual nanocomposite building block layer. The proposed framework is beneficial for modelling laminated structural composites incorporating XE-like nanocomposite interlayers.

关键词： Lamination Theory Resin Film Infusion Electrospun Nanofibers mechanical Properties

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First-principles investigation of elastic, vibrational, and thermodynamic properties of kagome metals CsM3Te5 (M = Ti, Zr, Hf)

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Physical Review materials 2024年第12期8卷 126201-126201页

作者： Yifan Wei Arjyama Bordoloi Chaon-En (Aaron) Chuang Sobhit Singh Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Rochester Rochester New York 14627 USA Materials Science Program University of Rochester Rochester New York 14627 USA Center for Coherence and Quantum Optics University of Rochester Rochester NY 14627 USA

Kagome metals are a unique class of quantum materials characterized by their distinct atomic lattice arrangement, featuring interlocking triangles and expansive hexagonal voids. These lattice structures impart exotic properties, including superconductivity, interaction-driven topological many-body phenomena, and magnetism, among others. The kagome metal CsM3Te5 (where M = Ti, Zr, or Hf) exhibits both superconductivity and nontrivial topological electronic properties, offering a promising platform for exploring topological superconductivity. This study employs first-principles density functional theory calculations to systematically analyze the elastic, mechanical, vibrational, thermodynamic, and electronic properties of CsM3Te5 (M = Ti, Zr, Hf). Our calculations reveal that the studied compounds—CsTi3Te5, CsZr3Te5, and CsHf3Te5—are ductile metals with elastic properties akin to the hexagonal Bi and Sb, with average elastic constants, including a bulk modulus of 27 GPa, a shear modulus of 11 GPa, and Young's modulus of 29 GPa. We observe peculiar dispersionless, flat, phonon branches in the vibrational spectra of these metals. Additionally, we thoroughly analyze the symmetries of the zone-center phonon eigenvectors and predict vibrational fingerprints of the Raman- and infrared-active phonon modes. The analysis of thermodynamic properties reveals the Einstein temperature for CsTi3Te5, CsZr3Te5, and CsHf3Te5 to be 66, 54, and 53 K, respectively. Our orbital-decomposed electronic structure calculations reveal significant in-plane steric interactions and multiple Dirac band crossings near the Fermi level. We further investigate the role of spin-orbit coupling effect on the studied properties. This theoretical investigation sheds light on the intriguing quantum behavior of kagome metals.

关键词： Spin orbit coupling

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Resolving Contradictory Estimates of Band Gaps of Bulk PdSe2: A Wannier-Localized Optimally-Tuned Screened Range-Separated Hybrid Density Functional Theory Study

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Florio, Fred Camarasa-Gómez, María Ohad, Guy Naveh, Doron Kronik, Leeor Ramasubramaniam, Ashwin Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst AmherstMA01003 United States Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovoth7610001 Israel Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Bar-Ilan University Ramat Gan52900 Israel Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program University of Massachusetts Amherst AmherstMA01003 United States

Palladium diselenide (PdSe2)—a layered van der Waals material—is attracting significant attention for optoelectronics due to the wide tunability of its band gap from the infrared through the visible range as a function of the number of layers. However, there continues to be disagreement over the precise nature and value of the optical band gap of bulk PdSe2, owing to the rather small value of this gap that complicates experimental measurements and their interpretation. Here, we design and employ a Wannier-localized optimally-tuned screened range-separated hybrid (WOT-SRSH) functional to investigate the electronic bandstructures and optical absorption spectra of bulk and monolayer PdSe2. In particular, we account carefully for the finite exciton center-of-mass momentum within a time-dependent WOT-SRSH framework to calculate the indirect optical gap and absorption onset accurately. Our results agree well with the best available photoconductivity measurements, as well as with state-of-the-art many-body perturbation theory calculations, confirming that bulk PdSe2 has an optical gap in the mid-infrared (upper-bound of 0.44 eV). More generally, this work further bolsters the utility of the WOT-SRSH approach for predictive modeling of layered semiconductors. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Layered semiconductors

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Multi-Component Lubricant Additives Derived from Pickering Emulsion-Templated Ionic Liquid Microcapsules

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Journal of Molecular Liquids 2025年 422卷

作者： Yan, Jieming Lak, Sarah N. Pentzer, Emily B. Mangolini, Filippo Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Materials Science and Engineering Program The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College StationTX77843 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX77843 United States Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States

Room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) have emerged as potential next-generation lubricants owing to their unique physico-chemical properties and promising lubricating behavior. However, their implementation in tribological applications has partly been hindered by their negligible solubility in hydrocarbon fluids. Here, encapsulated ionic liquids (ENILs) with a core of 1-hexyl-3-imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([HMIM][TFSI]) and a composite shell of polyurea/graphene oxide were prepared via Pickering emulsion-templated interfacial polymerization using two approaches, namely an RTIL-in-water emulsion stabilized with graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets ([HMIM][TFSI]/GO) and an RTIL-in-oil emulsion-stabilized with octadecylamine-functionalized GO nanosheets ([HMIM][TFSI]/C18-GO). The synthesized ENILs were successfully dispersed in polyalphaolefin (PAO) synthetic oil and used as additives to lubricate 52100 steel-vs.-52100 steel sliding contacts. Tribological tests provided evidence that the addition of [HMIM][TFSI]/C18-GO and [HMIM][TFSI]/GO ENILs to PAO could reduce friction and wear owing to the release of the encapsulated [HMIM][TFSI] at the sliding interface after the mechanical breakage of the shell material at the contact inlet, but only if a significant fraction of the ENILs has a diameter smaller than 20 µm. Comparison of these results with the outcomes of sliding experiments performed with PAO containing ENIL obtained by mini-emulsion polymerization with poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate-co-buytl methacrylate) (poly(EGDM-c-BMA)) shells highlights the role of the shell material in reducing friction. These outcomes not only demonstrate that multiple parameters (i.e., size distribution, shell material) affect the tribological performance of ENILs, but also pave the way towards further systematic investigations for optimizing ENILs to be used as additives in oil formulations. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Emulsification

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Saturable intercalation doping enables scalable and selective graphene gas sensors on plastic

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Chemical engineering Journal 2025年 515卷

作者： Kwon, Bitnuri Lee, Jung Hun Jo, Sae Byeok Hwang, Jinhyun Lee, Donggeun Cha, Jonghyun Lim, Soomook Suk, Ji Won Lee, Wi Hyoung Department of Organic and Nano System Engineering Konkuk University Seoul05029 Cuba Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Materials Research Center Northwestern University 2220 Campus Drive EvanstonIL60208-3108 United States School of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon16419 Cuba Sungkyunkwan University Suwon16419 Cuba Advanced Materials Program Department of Materials Science and Engineering Konkuk University Seoul05029 Cuba School of Mechanical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon16419 Cuba Department of Smart-Fab. Technology Sungkyunkwan University Suwon16419 Cuba Department of Materials Science and Engineering Konkuk University Seoul05029 Cuba

Developing highly sensitive and selective gas sensors for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) detection remains crucial for environmental monitoring and public health protection. Graphene-based chemiresistive sensors show promise due to their exceptional electronic properties and high surface area, which enhance gas adsorption. However, they face persistent challenges in selectivity, stability, and sensitivity characteristics. This study presents a facile one-step molecular intercalation doping approach that can effectively overcome these limitations. By intercalating carefully selected dopant molecules between graphene and flexible substrates during the wet-transfer process, we achieve uniform doping distribution while maintaining intrinsic carrier mobility. The resulting sensors demonstrate remarkable NO2 detection capabilities with a limit of detection of 1 ppb at room temperature. Importantly, the intercalated devices exhibit exceptional stability over extended periods of time and show minimal cross-sensitivity to common interfering gases. Moreover, the sensors retain their sensing characteristics under mechanical deformation, including fully transparent gas sensors with a dogbone structure, thereby enabling seamless integration into wearable monitoring systems. Our scalable fabrication process and comprehensive understanding of the intercalation doping mechanism provide a practical pathway for the development of reliable, flexible gas sensors capable of addressing real-world environmental and healthcare challenges. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： pH sensors

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Optoelectric Raman Nanosensors: Overcoming Intrinsic Limit in Nano-biosensing

Research Square

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Research Square 2024年

作者： Lian, Bin Li, Huaizhi Guo, Jianhe Fan, Donglei Emma Materials Science and Engineering Program Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas AustinTX78712 United States Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Chandra Family Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States

It is intrinsically difficult to detect low-concentration biomolecules with both ultra-sensitivity and high speed for early-stage disease diagnosis. The challenge originates from the small size of nanosensors, which enables ultra-sensitivity biosensing, while also substantially increases the detection time of dilute molecules. in this work, we report an original optoelectric sensing scheme, along with an innovative device design and a strategic fabrication approach to overcome such a challenge in biosensing. The proposed scheme exploits the profound optoelectric effect of semiconductor silicon nanowires, which can readily enrich trace-amounts of biomolecules at the point of laser and simultaneously detect Raman signals of focused molecules. The device design includes large arrays of silicon nanorods with electrodes integrated at their roots, and surface-distributed dense plasmonic silver nanoparticles for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) detection. Operating at only -0.8 V in an electrochemical cell, these optoelectric nanosensors readily achieve a 150-fold signal enhancement, improving the detection limit of probing molecules, adenine, by five orders of magnitude, to 0.6 fM. The enhancement effect is robust, observed across concentrations from 1 μM to 1 fM. The working mechanism is general, not only for detecting small molecules, such as adenine, but also for large charged molecules, such as Vertebrate DNA. The underlying novel mechanism is unraveled by multiscale numerical simulations and calculations. This research, addressing an arduous bottleneck issues in nanobiosensing, is expected to inspire a new class of biochemical sensors, important for the practical detection of trace-amount biochemicals in solution, important for clinic relevant early-stage disease diagnostics. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Nanorods

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