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High-flux and stable thin-film evaporation from fiber membranes with interconnected pores

Joule 2025年

作者： Tianshi Feng Yu Pei Haowen Zhang Brooklyn Asai Gaoweiang Dong Atharva Joshi Abhishek Saha Shengqiang Cai Renkun Chen Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA Program in Materials Science and Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA

Capillary-driven thin-film evaporation in nanoporous membranes has emerged as a promising thermal management strategy for high-power electronic devices, owing to its high theoretical critical heat flux (CHF) enabled by the extensive evaporating areas within the nanopores. In this study, we investigate fiber membranes with three-dimensional interconnected open pores as efficient evaporators. Unlike traditional membranes with isolated pores, these open structures facilitate rapid and uniform liquid transport through multiple pathways, effectively reducing clogging and ensuring consistent wetting across the surface. Capillary-driven evaporation achieved a maximum CHF of over 800 W cm −2 on a relatively large heating area of approximately 0.5 cm 2 , attributed to the larger effective thin-film evaporation areas provided by the open-pore structures. Moreover, the fiber membranes demonstrated long-term stability. These findings suggest that 3D fiber membrane evaporators are highly promising for advanced thermal management, offering efficient, stable cooling solutions to meet the demands of modern electronic systems.

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Observation of Colossal Terahertz Magnetoresistance and Magnetocapacitance in a Perovskite Manganite

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Tay, Fuyang Chaudhary, Swati He, Jiaming Peraca, Nicolas Marquez Baydin, Andrey Fiete, Gregory A. Zhou, Jianshi Kono, Junichiro Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Physics University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Department of Physics Northeastern University BostonMA02115 United States Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Materials Science and Engineering Program Mechanical Engineering University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States

We have studied the terahertz response of a bulk single crystal of La0.875Sr0.125MnO3at around its Curie temperature, observing large changes in the real and imaginary parts of the optical conductivity as a function of magnetic field. The terahertz resistance and capacitance extracted from the optical conductivity rapidly increased with increasing magnetic field and did not show any sign of saturation up to 6 T, reaching 60% and 15%, respectively, at 180 K. The observed terahertz colossal magnetoresistance and magnetocapacitance effects can be qualitatively explained by using a two-component model that assumes the coexistence of two phases with vastly different conductivities. These results demonstrate the potential use of perovskite manganites for developing efficient terahertz devices based on magnetic modulations of the amplitude and phase of terahertz waves. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Optical conductivity

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CuO NWs boosted triboelectric microfluidic nanosensor functionalized by collagen-protein interactions for real-time platelet count monitoring

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Chemical engineering Journal 2024年 490卷

作者： Lin, Jia-Cheng Kaswan, Kuldeep Chatterjee, Subhodeep Wu, Yu-Wen Kumar Sharma, Manish Ranjan, Ashok Roy Barman, Snigdha Lin, Yu-Zih Burnouf, Thierry Boireau, Wilfrid Lu, Ming-Yen Tu, Yong-Kwang Su, I-Chang Wu, Ping-Hsiu Lin, Zong-Hong Fan, Yu-Jui School of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Taipei Neuroscience Institute Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Department of Biomedical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei11031 Taiwan International Intercollegiate PhD Program National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Department of Power Mechanical Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Department of Material Science and Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Université de Franche-Comté CNRS Institut FEMTO-ST BesançonF-25030 France Department of Neurosurgery Shuang Ho Hospital Taipei Medical University New Taipei City23561 Taiwan Department of Surgery School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Department of Radiology School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Department of Radiation Oncology Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei11031 Taiwan Center for Precision Health and Quantitative Sciences Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei 11031 Taiwan

Blood platelet count significantly affects the development of severe conditions like myocardial infarction, peripheral arterial ischemia, respiratory compromise, stroke, diabetes, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), along with chemotherapy patients and those suffering cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). These conditions necessitate frequent monitoring of platelet counts to guide diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. However, existing techniques are relatively time-consuming, lack of accuracy and require precise operation. The emergence of these severe diseases underscored the need to develop advanced platelet count-monitoring techniques which are rapid, highly precise, and conveniently portable for point-of-care applications. In this study, we emphasized the development of a triboelectric microfluidic nanosensor (TMNS) for platelet quantification through the assessment of flow resistance. The functionality of TMNS device is based on immobilization of platelets on a collagen layer coated inside a microfluidic channel. The triboelectric voltage output is measured as a detection signal of the flow resistance and is enhanced by incorporating high surface area copper oxide nanowires (CuO NWs) on the interior of copper tubes. These copper tubes serve as terminal electrodes and for flow guiding. The flow resistance of plasma solutions is elevated when the platelet concentration increases due to heightened adherence of platelets onto the collagen layer. Variations in flow resistance induce alterations in contact electrification, causing changes in output voltage at load terminals. Fine-tuning of the TMNS device was achieved by optimizing the channel width and length, flowing liquid viscosity, and voltage measurement technique. Platelet quantification sensing data were acquired through the combination of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-poor plasma (PPP) solutions. The described device exhibits promising capabilities for platelet-count monitoring in whole-blood samples c

关键词： Copper oxides

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Flow and clogging of capillary droplets

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Cheng, Yuxuan Lonial, Benjamin F. Sista, Shivnag Meer, David J. Hofert, Anisa Weeks, Eric R. Shattuck, Mark D. O'Hern, Corey S. Department of Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Physics Emory University AtlantaGA30322 United States Benjamin Levich Institute Physics Department The City College of New York New YorkNY10031 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States

Capillary droplets form due to surface tension when two immiscible fluids are mixed. We describe the motion of gravity-driven capillary droplets flowing through narrow constrictions and obstacle arrays in both simulations and experiments. Our new capillary deformable particle model recapitulates the shape and velocity of single oil droplets in water as they pass through narrow constrictions in microfluidic chambers. Using this experimentally validated model, we simulate the flow and clogging of single capillary droplets in narrow channels and obstacle arrays and find several important results. First, the capillary droplet speed profile is nonmonotonic as the droplet exits the narrow orifice, and we can tune the droplet properties so that the speed overshoots the terminal speed far from the constriction. Second, in obstacle arrays, we find that extremely deformable droplets can wrap around obstacles, which leads to decreased average droplet speed in the continuous flow regime and increased probability for clogging in the regime where permanent clogs form. Third, the wrapping mechanism causes the clogging probability in obstacle arrays to become nonmonotonic with surface tension Γ. At large Γ, the droplets are nearly rigid and the clogging probability is large since the droplets can not squeeze through the gaps between obstacles. With decreasing Γ, the clogging probability decreases as the droplets become more deformable. However, in the small-Γ limit, the clogging probability increases since the droplets are extremely deformable and wrap around the obstacles. The results from these studies are important for developing a predictive understanding of capillary droplet flows through complex and confined geometries. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Drop formation

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3D Printed Biomimetic Composite for Treatment of Osteochondral Defects: A Preliminary Study in Porcine

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Eckstein, Kevin N. Liu, Boyuan Schoonraad, Sarah A. Guastaldi, Fernando Pozzi Semeghini Uzcategui, Camila Muralidharan, Archish McLeod, Robert R. Randolph, Mark A. Bryant, Stephanie J. Ferguson, Viginia L. Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Colorado at Boulder BoulderCO80309 United States Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado at Boulder BoulderCO80309 United States Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Surgery Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard School of Dental Medicine Harvard Medical School BostonMA02114 United States Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department of Surgery Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School BostonMA02114 United States Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering University of Colorado at Boulder BoulderCO80309 United States Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Colorado at Boulder BoulderCO80309 United States BioFrontiers Institute University of Colorado at Boulder BoulderCO80309 United States

Osteochondral defects in diarthrodial joints can occur as a result of trauma. When left untreated, the surrounding tissues experience abnormal mechanical loads that can cause further degeneration. Thus, treatment of osteochondral defects requires the ability to support physiological loads and prevent further degeneration of surrounding tissues. Additive manufacturing techniques, such as bio-ink printing, have been explored to structurally reinforce soft scaffolds;however, these methods struggle to accurately print complex designs with small feature sizes (e.g., on the order of ~100 micrometers). In this study, we present a composite osteochondral scaffold with regional stiffness gradients, optimized to mimic the mechanical properties of articular cartilage and limit high strains in the subchondral bone. This scaffold incorporates a load-bearing structure, with ≥ 180 μm diameter truss elements, that is 3D printed via projection micro-stereolithography with a biomimetic soft hydrogel. We hypothesized that incorporating a reinforcing structure with cartilage and bone regions possessing tissue-specific stiffnesses, compared to a soft gel alone, would reduce degradation of native cartilage tissue adjacent to osteochondral defects and promote multi-tissue integration in porcine knees after six weeks. Histological analysis and microcomputed tomography revealed site-specific changes in the surrounding tissue, notably in the adjacent cartilage. mechanical evaluation of adjacent native tissue showed that scaffolds with the 3D printed composite structure resulted in 33% less surrounding cartilage degradation compared to gel-only treatments. Within the defect, the soft gel alone limited mineralization, while the composite supported mineralization but only in its stiffer region. These findings suggest that incorporating a 3D printed reinforcing osteochondral mimetic structure protects the adjacent cartilage, enhances tissue integration, and spatially supports mineralization. © 2

关键词： Bone

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Microstructure of Plasma-Nitrided 316 Austenitic Stainless Steel

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Microscopy and Microanalysis 2020年第S2期6卷 450-451页

作者： J.C. Jiang E.I. Meletis Louisiana State University Mechanical Engineering Department Materials Science and Engineering Program Baton Rouge LA 70803

Austenitic stainless steels plasma-nitrided at low temperature can have a tremendously improved surface hardness without affecting their excellent corrosion resistance. The surface layer of these nitrided materials was considered to be composed of an uncharacterized, so called “S-phase”. During the past decade, several research groups have studied “S” phase using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), but its microstructure is not yet well understood and is still a topic of debate. In this paper, we characterize the microstructure of 316 stainless steel nitrided by intensified plasma-assisted processing (IPAP) using cross-sectional *** of 316 austenitic stainless steel were nitrided for 1 hour by IPAP at a temperature of ∼ 400 °C. Plasma-nitrided samples were cross-sectioned and glued face-to-face by joining the nitrided surface. Crosssectional specimens for TEM observations were prepared by mechanical grinding, polishing and dimpling followed by Ar+ milling. TEM studies were carried out in a newly installed JEOL JEM 2010 electron microscope in the materials Characterization Facility at the Louisiana State University.

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Exotic physical properties in metallic perovskite LaRuO3: Strong evidence for Hund metal

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Physical Review B 2022年第8期106卷 L081104-L081104页

作者： Z. Y. Li X. Y. Li J. M. He Michael M. McGuire Adam A. Aczel J. A. Alonso M. T. Fernandez-Diaz J.-S. Zhou Materials Science and Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 USA Materials Science and Technology Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA Neutron Scattering Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid CSIC Cantoblanco E-28049 Madrid Spain Institut-Laue-Langevin (ILL) 156X F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9 France

The Hund's coupling rule is of fundamental importance in atomic physics. It also plays a key role in the determination of physical properties in strongly correlated electron systems where the Fermi energy lies in multiple bands. We report a thorough investigation of a rarely studied 4d perovskite oxide LaRuO3 by a suite of measurements including transport, magnetization, specific heat, thermoelectric power, thermal conductivity, and neutron and x-ray diffraction. Our results are consistent with theoretical predictions, which makes LaRuO3 an exemplary Hund metal.

关键词： Electrical conductivity Magnetic susceptibility Spin-orbit coupling

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Initiation of dusting corrosion in high-temperature alloys under CO exposure

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Acta Materialia 2025年 295卷

作者： Shyam Bharatkumar Patel Jianyu Wang Chaoran Li Abdullah Al-Mahboob Dario Stacchiola Jerzy T. Sadowski Guangwen Zhou Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science and Engineering Program State University of New York Binghamton NY 13902 USA Center for Functional Nanomaterials Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY 11973 USA

Carbon monoxide is commonly encountered in energy systems, yet its reactivity with structural alloys—critical heat-resistant components in these systems—has been largely overlooked compared to the well-documented effects of oxidizing gases. In contrast, we demonstrate the high-temperature reaction of CO with NiAl using in-situ low-energy electron microscopy and X-ray photoemission electron microscopy. Our results show that CO dissociates into atomic oxygen and carbon, resulting in two concurrent reactions: selective oxidation of aluminum to form Al 2 O 3 and the initiation of dusting corrosion through carbon dissolution into the alloy and subsequent carbon deposition on the surface. These reactions produce spatially distinct surface products, preventing the formation of a continuous protective Al oxide layer. These results reveal a preference for the dissociative pathway of CO over the classic Boudouard disproportionation reaction that forms CO 2 . These insights not only advance our understanding of CO-induced alloy degradation but also highlight the practical implications for managing alloy stability and optimizing catalysis in carbon-rich environments, such as those in petrochemical processing and hydrocarbon combustion.

关键词： Photodissociation

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Assessment of HVAF thermally sprayed coatings: Unraveling microstructural, electrochemical, and tribological performance using glass former Fe-Cr-Mo-Nb-B feedstock powder

Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems

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Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems 2024年 6卷

作者： Mota, I.G.C. Koga, G.Y. Rodrigues, L.C.M. Nascimento, A.R.C. Ettouil, F.B. Ferreira, T. Coimbrão, D.D. Kiminami, C.S. Bolfarini, C. Moreau, C. Botta, W.J. Federal University of São Carlos Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering Rod. Washington Luis km 235 SP São CarlosCEP 13565-905 Brazil Federal University of São Carlos Department of Materials Science and Engineering Rod. Washington Luis km 235 SP São CarlosCEP 13565-905 Brazil Federal University of Sao Carlos Rodovia Washington Luiz km 235 SP-310 São Paulo São Carlos13565-905 Brazil Thermal Spray and Multiphase Flow Laboratory Concordia University MontrealQCH3G 1M8 Canada Department of Mechanical Industrial and Aerospace Engineering Concordia University 1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd. W MontrealQCH3G 1M8 Canada

In this paper the microstructural features of the glass former Fe68Cr8Mo4Nb4B16 coatings are unveiled and related to their electrochemical and tribological responses. The coating was mostly glassy with some embedded borides (M3B2, M2B-tetragonal;M being the metallic elements of the alloy) and ferrite. The tribological behavior of the HVAF coated sample, characterized by a thickness of about 200 µm, ∼6% porosity and a Vickers hardness of 357 HV0.5, was assessed in a sphere-on-plate configuration, revealing a specific wear rate of approximately 5 ×10−4 mm3∙N−1m−1. The wear mechanism was dominated by delamination caused by fragile intersplats. The corrosion resistance of HVAF coatings was evaluated in 0.6 M NaCl solution and compared with the results obtained for the crystalline Fe68Cr8Mo4Nb4B16 ingot, produced by melting in an induction furnace, and for the AISI 1020 steel substrate. The HVAF coating showed satisfactory corrosion resistance compared to the carbon steel substrate and the crystalline ingot, with the highest corrosion potential, Ecorr, values (−533 mVSCE) and the lowest corrosion current density, icorr, (10−6 A∙cm−2) followed by a clear passivation window upon anodic polarization in 0.6 M NaCl solution. Evaluations of HVAF coating showed a higher glassy content compared to the gas-atomized feedstock powders. This suggests that during spraying, certain particles were molten and experienced cooling rates adequate to inhibit crystallization, resulting in the freezing of the supercooled liquid. This phenomenon contributes to the good corrosion resistance observed in the present work and offers an opportunity to enhance the electrochemical behavior of HVAF coatings. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Wear of materials

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Onset of visible capillary waves from high-frequency acoustic excitation

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Zhang, Shuai Orosco, Jeremy Friend, James Medically Advanced Devices Laboratory Center for Medical Device Engineering and Biomechanics Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Jacobs School of Engineering University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA92093-0411 United States Materials Science and Engineering Program Jacobs School of Engineering University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA92093-0411 United States Department of Surgery School of Medicine University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA92093 United States

Remarkably, the interface of a fluid droplet will produce visible capillary waves when exposed to acoustic waves. For example, a small (∼ 1 µL) sessile droplet will oscillate at a low ∼ 102 Hz frequency when weakly driven by acoustic waves at ∼ 106 Hz frequency and beyond. We measured such a droplet's interfacial response to 6.6 MHz ultrasound to gain insight into the energy transfer mechanism that spans these vastly different timescales, using high-speed microscopic digital transmission holography, a unique method to capture three-dimensional surface dynamics at nanometer space and microsecond time resolutions. We show that low-frequency capillary waves are driven into existence via a feedback mechanism between the acoustic radiation pressure and the evolving shape of the fluid interface. The acoustic pressure is distributed in the standing wave cavity of the droplet, and as the shape of the fluid interface changes in response to the distributed pressure present on the interface, the standing wave field also changes shape, feeding back to produce changes in the acoustic radiation pressure distribution in the cavity. A physical model explicitly based upon this proposed mechanism is provided, and simulations using it were verified against direct observations of both the microscale droplet interface dynamics from holography and internal pressure distributions using microparticle image velocimetry. The pressure-interface feedback model accurately predicts the vibration amplitude threshold at which capillary waves appear, the subsequent amplitude and frequency of the capillary waves, and the distribution of the standing wave pressure field within the sessile droplet responsible for the capillary waves. © 2022, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Pressure distribution

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