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SSRN 2020年

作者： Kathiria, Rushi Raj, Rishi Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Colorado Boulder BoulderCO80309 United States Materials Science Program

We report in-situ measurements of the elastic modulus of dense polycrystalline zirconia held in a constant state of flash, i.e. during Stage III of flash experiments. The modulus, measured with and without flash, is lowered by 10 - 35 %, in the temperature range of 1100-1400 oC. The specimen temperature, measured with a pyrometer, was consistent with the estimate from a black body radiation model. These measurements echo recent publications on the role of phonons in the onset of flash, namely the Debye temperature as a lower bound for flash, and the formation of Frenkel pairs in molecular dynamics calculations by the proliferation of phonons above the Debye temperature. However, several questions remain, for example, the rise in electrical conductivity, and electroluminescence that are nearly universal signatures of the flash phenomenon. © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Phonons

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Thermophysical properties of graphene-based nanofluids

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International Journal of Thermofluids 2021年 10卷

作者： Elsaid, Khaled Abdelkareem, Mohammad Ali Maghrabie, Hussein M. Sayed, Enas Taha Wilberforce, Tabbi Baroutaji, Ahmad Olabi, A.G. Chemical Engineering Program Texas A& M University College StationTX United States Dept. of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering University of Sharjah P.O. Box 27272 Sharjah United Arab Emirates Center for Advanced Materials Research University of Sharjah PO Box 27272 Sharjah United Arab Emirates Chemical Engineering Department Minia University Elminia Egypt Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering South Valley University Qena83521 Egypt Mechanical Engineering and Design Aston University School of Engineering and Applied Science Aston Triangle BirminghamB4 7ET United Kingdom School of Engineering Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Wolverhampton Telford United Kingdom

Heat transfer operations are very common in the process industry to transfer a huge amount of thermal energy, i.e., heat, from one fluid to another for different purposes. Many fluids are used as heat transfer fluid (HTF), in which water is the most common HTF due to its high specific heat, availability, and affordability. However, conventional HTFs, including water, have a lower thermal conductivity, which is the most critical thermophysical property, hence decreased heat transfer efficiency. The addition of solid particles of highly thermally conductive material, specifically at nano-size, i.e., nanoparticles NPs, result in nanofluid NF, which has evolved over the last two decades as efficient HTF and have been investigated in a wide range of applications. Among NPs, graphene (Gr) based materials have shown very high potential as NF due to the very high thermal conductivity up to 5,000 W/m.K, hence higher thermal conductivity NF. This work aims to thoroughly discuss the thermophysical properties of Gr-based NFs, including thermal conductivity, heat capacity, density, and viscosity. The discussion focus on the thermophysical properties as it is the ultimate determinator of the heat transfer characteristics of the HTF, such as the convective and the overall heat transfer coefficient as well as the heat transfer capacity of the NF. The discussion expands to the relative enhancement in such thermophysical properties reaching up to a 40% increase in thermal conductivity, as the most critical thermophysical property. The discussion shows that Gr-based NF has a much higher thermal conductivity relative to widely studied metal oxide NF and at much lower content, and lower density and viscosity increase, which is critical for determining the pumping power requirements. Critical challenges facing the application of Gr-based NFs such as cost, stability, increased density and viscosity, and environmental impacts are thoroughly discussed with mitigation recommendations given.

关键词： Graphene

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Electric Field Emission in GdNiO3 Microflower

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Karmakar, Subrata Parey, Vanshree Mistari, Chetan D. Hamid, Md Abdul Emu, Injamamul Hoque Halim, Md Abdul Sanyal, Gopal Chakraborty, Brahmananda More, M.A. Droopad, Ravi Haque, Ariful Ingram School of Engineering Texas State University San MarcosTX78666 United States Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 Tarragona43007 Spain Department of Physics Savitribai Phule Pune University Maharashtra Pune411007 India Mechanical Metallurgy Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay Mumbai400085 India High Pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay Mumbai400085 India Homi Bhabha National Institute Anushaktinagar Mumbai400094 India Materials Science Engineering & Commercialization Program Texas State University San MarcosTX78666 United States

GdNiO3 microflowers were synthesized by hydrothermal method with unit sizes of about 2.2-3.5 μm and petal sizes of ~75-100 nm. The X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) and Raman spectra reveal an orthorhombic crystal structure with the space group Pbnm and various Raman active vibrational modes i.e., Ag, B1g, B2g associated with rare earth nickelates. The total density of states (TDOS) was calculated by density functional theory (DFT) study using a hybrid functional (HSE06) and the volume of TDOS near the Fermi level confirms the semiconducting nature of GdNiO3 with band gap ~0.688 eV. The local bulk work function (φ) was estimated theoretically at ~5.35 eV from DFT calculations which is one of the essential parameters for the field enhancement factor (β). Field emission current density (J) vs. applied electric field (E) divulges a low turn-on field (Eto)~4.6 V/μm@1 μA/cm2 and a threshold field (Eth)~5.2 V/μm@10 μA/cm2 respectively. The Fowler-Nordheim (F-N) model was introduced to calculate β ~1637 and long-term field emission current stability was observed experimentally > 4 h at the preset values of current 2 μA and 10 μA, respectively. The easy preparedness, low turn-on field, and long-term current stability without significant decay suggest this material to be an efficient electron field emitting material in the rare-earth nickelates series. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Rare earths

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Corrigendum to “Zinc/lead bimetallic sulfides as hybrid material for high-performance aqueous asymmetric supercapacitor and photocatalytic degradation of organic dye” [J. Alloy. Compd. 1010 (2025) 177565]

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Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2025年 1010卷

作者： Asmat Ullah Muhammad Ramzan Khawar Naveed Akhtar Shad Sunmin Jang Dongwhi Choi Dongsheng Geng Jabir Shahbaz Ammar M. Tighezza Yasir Javed Awais Ahmad School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China Department of Mechanical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program) Kyung Hee University Yongin Gyeonggi 17104 Republic of Korea National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Jhang Road Faisalabad Pakistan Department of Physics University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan Department of Chemistry College of Science King Saud University P. O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia Department of Chemistry The University of Lahore Lahore Pakistan

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Tessellated granular metamaterials with tunable elastic moduli

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Pashine, Nidhi Wang, Dong Zhang, Jerry Patiballa, Sree Kalyan Witthaus, Sven Shattuck, Mark D. O’Hern, Corey S. Kramer-Bottiglio, Rebecca Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Applied Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Graduate Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Benjamin Levich Institute Physics Department The City College of the City University of New York New YorkNY10031 United States

Most granular packings possess shear moduli (G) that increase with the applied external pressure, and bulk moduli (B) that increase or remain constant with pressure. This paper presents "tessellated" granular metamaterials for which both G and the ratio G/B decrease with increasing pressure. The granular metamaterials are made from flexible tessellations forming a ring of closed cells, each containing a small number of solid particles. For under-constrained tessellations, the dominant contributions to G and B are the particle-particle and particle-cell interactions. With specific particle configurations in the cells, we limit the number of possible particle rearrangements to achieve decreasing G as we increase the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the tessellation, leading to G/B 1 at large pressures. We further study tessellated granular metamaterials with cells containing a single particle and many particles to determine the variables that control the mechanical response of particle-filled tessellations as a function of pressure. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Metamaterials

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Unifying femtosecond and picosecond single-pulse magnetic switching in Gd-Fe-Co

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Physical Review B 2021年第10期103卷 104422-104422页

作者： F. Jakobs T. A. Ostler C.-H. Lambert Y. Yang S. Salahuddin R. B. Wilson J. Gorchon J. Bokor U. Atxitia Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems and Fachbereich Physik Freie Universität Berlin 14195 Berlin Germany Département de Physique Universitè de Liége (B5) B-4000 Liége Belgium College of Business Technology and Engineering Sheffield Hallam University Howard Street Sheffield S1 1WB United Kingdom Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley California 94720 USA Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California Riverside California 92521 USA

Many questions are still open regarding the physical mechanisms behind the magnetic switching in Gd-Fe-Co alloys by single optical pulses. Phenomenological models suggest a femtosecond scale exchange relaxation between sublattice magnetization as the driving mechanism for switching. The recent observation of thermally induced switching in Gd-Fe-Co by using both several picosecond optical laser pulse as well as electric current pulses has questioned this previous understanding. This has raised the question of whether or not the same switching mechanics are acting at the femtosecond and picosecond scales. In this work, we aim at filling this gap in the understanding of the switching mechanisms behind thermal single-pulse switching. To that end, we have studied experimentally thermal single-pulse switching in Gd-Fe-Co alloys, for a wide range of system parameters, such as composition, laser power, and pulse duration. We provide a quantitative description of the switching dynamics using atomistic spin dynamics methods with excellent agreement between the model and our experiments across a wide range of parameters and timescales, ranging from femtoseconds to picoseconds. Furthermore, we find distinct element-specific damping parameters as a key ingredient for switching with long picosecond pulses and argue that switching with pulse durations as long as 15 ps is possible due to a low damping constant of Gd. Our findings can be easily extended to speed up dynamics in other contexts where ferrimagnetic Gd-Fe-Co alloys have been already demonstrated to show fast and energy-efficient processes, e.g., domain-wall motion in a track and spin-orbit torque switching in spintronics devices.

关键词： Demagnetization Magnetic interactions Magnetic order Magnetism Spin dynamics Ultrafast magnetic effects

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Application of Emerging Innovations in Microbiome science to Space Development and Settlement Systems 73

Application of Emerging Innovations in Microbiome Science to...

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73rd International Astronautical Congress, IAC 2022

作者： Nastasi, Nicholas Anderson, Matthew Z. Balasubrahmaniam, Neeraja Bope, Ashleigh Britt, Rodney D. Cochran, Samuel J. Gill, Samuel J. Hegarty, Bridget Lee, Jiyoung Stamps, Blake W. Stickney, Amanda Taylor, Christopher G. Tram, Nguyen K. Van Dusen, John Varaljay, Vanessa A. Weir, Mark H. Horack, John M. Oglesbee, Michael Sullivan, Matthew B. Dannemiller, Karen C. Department of Civil Environmental & Geodetic Engineering Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States Division of Environmental Health Sciences College of Public Health Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States Environmental Sciences Graduate Program Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States Department of Microbiology College of Arts and Sciences Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States Center for Perinatal Research The Abigail Wexner Research Institute Nationwide Children's Hospital Department of Pediatrics Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Case School of Engineering Case Western Reserve University ClevelandOH United States Department of Food Science and Technology Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States Infectious Diseases Institute Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States Soft Matter Materials Branch Materials and Manufacturing Directorate Air Force Research Laboratory Wright - Patterson AFBOH United States Department of Plant Pathology College of Food Agriculture and Environmental Science Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine Nationwide Children's Hospital ColumbusOH United States Airman Systems Directorate 711th Human Performance Wing Air Force Research Laboratory WPAFBOH United States Sustainability Institute Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering College of Engineering John Glenn College of Public Affairs Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States Department of Veterinary Biosciences College of Veterinary Medicine Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States Center of Microbiome Science Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States

Future human spaceflight beyond low-Earth orbit will bring substantial changes and new requirements to the development of fully sustainable, healthy indoor human environments across a range of gravitational, radiative, and thermal conditions. One key aspect is understanding (and potentially leveraging) microorganisms that must coexist with humans, plants, and animals in enclosed habitats (their microbiota or microbiomes). Modern, genome-resolved microbiome science provides an opportunity to better understand how we can utilize microbes to optimize space missions and protect human health and well-being long-term. Microorganisms will be critical to mission success due to their direct or indirect interactions with 1) humans, 2) other living systems (e.g., plant and animal life as a food source and for experimentation), and 3) the built environment. For example, the human gut microbiome is a complex community that has important implications for human health and performance that include mental health, nutrition intake, and immune system function. The health of plant microbiomes is also critical for sustainable, dependable, and nutritious food production. Humans, plants, and other living systems (e.g., animals used in experimentation) will also shed microbes into the built environment, which may impact human exposure, plant health, system integrity, and planetary protection from microbial contamination in both forward and reverse directions. Microbes from all three systems will interact, resulting in potentially important 'non-linear' system implications that must be understood for the overall long-term sustainability of hardware, crew, and other living systems. This paper discusses recent advances in technology that expand measurement capabilities to ultra-low-biomass samples and now allow for better understanding of microbial taxa, community structure and drivers, and functional capacity, which together will empower microbiome-optimized deep-space human exploration miss

关键词： Bacteria

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A portable device for studying the effects of fluid flow on degradation properties of biomaterials inside cell incubators

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2019年第1期6卷 39-48页

作者： Wensen Jiang Jiajia Lin Alex H.Chen Jianwei Pan Huinan Liu Department of Bioengineering Materials Science and Engineering ProgramStem Cell Center Department of Mechanical Engineering University of CaliforniaRiversideRiversideCA 92521USA Department of Bioengineering University of CaliforniaRiversideRiversideCA 92521USA Department of Neurosurgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003China

A portable device was designed and constructed for studying the properties of biomaterials in physiologically relevant fluids under controllable flow conditions that closely simulate fluid flow inside the *** device can fit entirely inside a cell incubator;and,thus,it can be used directly under standard cell culture *** impedance-driven pump was built in the sterile flow loop to control the flow rates of fluids,which made the device small and portable for easy deployment in the *** demonstrate the device functions,magnesium(Mg)as a representative biodegradable material was tested in the flow device for immersion degradation under flow versus static conditions,while the flow module was placed inside a standard cell *** flow rate was controlled at 0.1760.06 ml/s for this study;and,the flow rate is adjustable through the controller module outside of incubators for simulating the flow rates in the ranges of blood flow in human artery(0.050.43 ml/s)and vein(0.020.08 ml/s).Degradation of Mg under flow versus static conditions was characterized by measuring the changes of sample mass and thickness,and Mg2t ion concentrations in the immersion *** chemistry and morphology of Mg after immersion under flow versus static conditions were *** portable impedance-driven flow device is easy to fit inside an incubator and much smaller than a peristaltic pump,providing a valuable solution for studying biomaterials and implants(*** or ureteral stents)in body fluids under flow versus static conditions with or without cells.

关键词： portable flow device impedance-driven pump biomaterials body fluids magnesium(Mg)degradation

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In Situ Alloying Enabled by Active Liquid Metal Filler for Self-Healing Composite Polymer Electrolytes

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Angewandte Chemie 2024年第47期136卷

作者： Dr. Kai Wu Dr. Zhengyu Ju Dr. Bowen Zhang Prof. Amy C. Marschilok Prof. Esther S. Takeuchi Prof. Kenneth J. Takeuchi Prof. Guihua Yu Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin 78712 Austin TX USA Institute of Energy Sustainability Environment and Equity Stony Brook University 11794 Stony Brook NY USA Department of Chemistry Stony Brook University 11794 Stony Brook NY USA Interdisciplinary Science Department Brookhaven National Laboratory 11973 Upton NY USA Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Stony Brook University 11794 Stony Brook NY USA

Solid inorganics, known for kinetically inhibiting polymer crystallization and enhancing ionic conductivity, have attracted significant attention in solid polymer electrolytes. However, current composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) are still facing challenges in Li metal batteries, falling short of inhibiting severe dendritic growth and resulting in very limited cycling life. This study introduces Ga 62.5 In 21.5 Sn 16 (Galinstan) liquid metal (LM) as an active liquid alternative to conventional passive solid fillers, aiming at realizing self-healing protection against dendrite problems. Compared to solid inorganics, for example silica, LM droplets could more significantly reduce polymer crystallinity and enhance Li-ion conductivity due to their liquid nature, especially at temperatures below the polymer melting point. More importantly, LMs are unraveled as dynamic chemical traps, which are capable of blocking and consuming lithium dendrites upon contact via in situ alloying during battery operation and further inhibiting dendritic growth due to the lower deposition energy barrier of the formed Li-LM alloy. As a proof of concept, by strategically designing an asymmetric CPE with the active LM filling, a solid-state Li/LiFePO 4 battery achieves promising full-cell functionality with notable rate performance and stable cycle life. This active filler-mediated self-healing approach could bring new insights into the battery design in versatile solid-state systems.

关键词： Solid-state battery Composite polymer electrolyte Liquid metal Lithium-metal battery Li dendrite

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Efficiency enhancement in photoelectrochemical water splitting: Defect passivation and boosted charge transfer kinetics of zinc oxide nanostructures via chalcopyrite/chalcogenide mix sensitization

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Physical Review materials 2021年第12期5卷 125403-125403页

作者： Cigdem Tuc Altaf Nazrin Abdullayeva Ozlem Coskun Alihan Kumtepe İpek Deniz Yildirim Emre Erdem Maochang Liu Ali Bozbey Ertan Agar Mehmet Sankir Nurdan Demirci Sankir Micro and Nanotechnology Graduate Program TOBB University of Economics and Technology Sogutozu Caddesi No 43 Sogutozu 06560 Ankara Turkey Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Sabanci University Orhanli Tuzla 34956 Istanbul Turkey International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 People's Republic of China Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering TOBB University of Economics and Technology Sogutozu Caddesi No 43 Sogutozu 06560 Ankara Turkey Department of Mechanical Engineering Energy Engineering Graduate Program University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell Massachusetts 01854 USA Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering TOBB University of Economics and Technology Sogutozu Caddesi No 43 Sogutozu 06560 Ankara Turkey

ZnO thin films in nanorod (NR) and nanoflower (NF) morphologies were used as photoelectrode scaffolds for efficient visible-light-driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting process, where their decoration with copper indium gallium sulfide (CIGS) and indium sulfide (In2S3) layers resulted in significant PEC performance enhancement. ZnO NF/CIGS/In2S3 photoelectrodes exhibited a remarkably high PEC efficiency (∼6.0% applied bias photon-to-current efficiency, 83% incident photon-to-current efficiency) due to the negligible dark current, while ZnO NR/CIGS/In2S3 generated a photocurrent density of ***–2 at 0.4 V (vs Ag/AgCl), being one of the highest performances reported in the literature for copper-based chalcopyrite photoelectrodes so far. The interfacial photoelectrode-electrolyte charge transport dynamics, investigated via intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy, exhibited a sevenfold increase in charge transfer efficiencies with a significant drop in surface recombination kinetics for ZnO NF after CIGS/In2S3 decoration. The obtained results show consistency with numerically modeled electric field distribution profiles and electron paramagnetic resonance results of ZnO NF, rationalizing the enhanced charge transfer rates for decorated samples and confirming the defect passivating nature of CIGS/In2S3.

关键词： Electrochemical properties Photoconductivity

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