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Microfluidic nanodevices for drug sensing and screening applications

Biosensors and Bioelectronics 2023年 219卷 114783页

作者： Pal, Arnab Kaswan, Kuldeep Barman, Snigdha Roy Lin, Yu-Zih Chung, Jun-Hsuan Sharma, Manish Kumar Liu, Kuei-Lin Chen, Bo-Huan Wu, Chih-Cheng Lee, Sangmin Choi, Dongwhi Lin, Zong-Hong Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan International Intercollegiate PhD Program National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Department of Power Mechanical Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Department of Chemistry National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center Taoyuan333 Taiwan Center of Quality Management National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch Hsinchu30059 Taiwan College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei10051 Taiwan Institute of Cellular and System Medicine National Health Research Institute Zhunan 35053 Taiwan School of Mechanical Engineering Chung-Ang University Seoul06974 Korea Republic of Kyung Hee University Gyeonggi 17104 Korea Republic of

The outbreak of pandemics (e.g., severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 in 2019), influenza A viruses (H1N1 in 2009), etc.), and worldwide spike in the aging population have created unprecedented urgency for developing new drugs to improve disease treatment. As a result, extensive efforts have been made to design novel techniques for efficient drug monitoring and screening, which form the backbone of drug development. Compared to traditional techniques, microfluidics-based platforms have emerged as promising alternatives for high-throughput drug screening due to their inherent miniaturization characteristics, low sample consumption, integration, and compatibility with diverse analytical strategies. Moreover, the microfluidic-based models utilizing human cells to produce in-vitro biomimetics of the human body pave new ways to predict more accurate drug effects in humans. This review provides a comprehensive summary of different microfluidics-based drug sensing and screening strategies and briefly discusses their advantages. Most importantly, an in-depth outlook of the commonly used detection techniques integrated with microfluidic chips for highly sensitive drug screening is provided. Then, the influence of critical parameters such as sensing materials and microfluidic platform geometries on screening performance is summarized. This review also outlines the recent applications of microfluidic approaches for screening therapeutic and illicit drugs. Moreover, the current challenges and the future perspective of this research field is elaborately highlighted, which we believe will contribute immensely towards significant achievements in all aspects of drug development. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Microfluidics

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A robust emulsion gel based on κ-carrageenan and dialdehyde starch for stimuli-responsive of hydrophobic bioactive agents

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International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 2025年

作者： Mohammad Mahdi Rostamabadi Seid Reza Falsafi Maryam Shafieiuon Zahra Abbasi Mahtab Falahati Zahra Mohebi Fariborz Tavangarian M.H. Enayati Hadis Rostamabadi Department of Food Science and Technology College of Agriculture Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan 84156–83111 Iran Mechanical Engineering Program School of Science Engineering and Technology Penn State Harrisburg Middletown PA 17057 USA Food Science and Technology Division Agricultural Engineering Research Department Safiabad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center (AREEO) Dezful Iran Department of Materials Engineering Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan 84156-83111 Iran Department of Food Science and Technology School of Nutrition and Food Science Nutrition and Food Security Research Center Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran

In this study, a green and sustainable emulsion gel was developed using κ-carrageenan (κC) and dialdehyde starch (DS) for the stimuli-responsive delivery of the hydrophobic bioactive agent, curcumin (CU). Initially, CU was encapsulated within κC-based emulsion gels, with κC serving as a natural stabilizing and gel-forming agent. Subsequently, DS, containing reactive aldehyde groups (AGs), was introduced to chemically cross-link with the hydroxyl groups of κC via a hemiacetal reaction, resulting in a porous and stable emulsion gel structure (κCDS@CU). The presence of DS enhanced the structural integrity of the gels and facilitated safe passage through simulated intestinal conditions. The engineered κCDS@CU emulsion gels demonstrated improved textural properties, high encapsulation efficiency, and sustained release behavior. Moreover, cytotoxicity assessments confirmed their biocompatibility, supporting their suitability for oral delivery. This rationally designed, biopolymer-based emulsion gel offers a promising platform for the effective encapsulation and targeted delivery of hydrophobic bioactive compounds.

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Compressed air energy storage systems (CAES) and assessment of expansion cooling as an ancillary process

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science Talks 2024年 10卷

作者： Abdul Hai Alami Ahmad Yasin Siren Khuri Ayman Mudallal Mohamad Ayoub Adnan Alashkar Rashid AlRashid Shamma Abdalla Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering Department University of Sharjah Sharjah P.O. Box 27272 United Arab Emirates Materials Science and Engineering PhD Program American University of Sharjah Sharjah P.O. Box 26666 United Arab Emirates Mechanical Engineering Department American University of Sharjah Sharjah 26666 United Arab Emirates

This work introduces compressed air energy storage (CAES) systems and their role in mitigating the lag between energy supply and demand. The concept of energy storage relies on storing energy during periods of low demand to supply it during periods of high demand, where CAES stands as a scalable solution with the ability to house ancillary systems in order to harvest useful effects such as expansion cooling. CAES on its own compares well with electrochemical batteries, while bearing a simpler system design and less stringent operational requirements; however, with the integration of thermal management the role of CAES can be extended to produce chilled water that can be used for cooling applications. Not only does expansion cooling broaden the utilization of CAES, it has also enhanced the energetic efficiency of the system by 4%. Future work within the scope of CAES includes the integration of heat pipes and latent heat energy storage, and experimenting with different working gases.

关键词： Compressed air energy storage (CAES) mechanical energy storage Expansion cooling Thermal management

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Absence of superconductivity in micrometer-sized ɛ-NbN single crystals

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Physical Review B 2022年第17期105卷 174512-174512页

作者： Fan-Yun Chiu Tsu-Lien Hung Cheng-Yen Liu Ya-Hsin Pai Wei-Liang Chien Peng-Jen Chen Ting-Kuo Lee Ming-Jye Wang Min-Nan Ou Chang C. Tsuei Maw-Kuen Wu Chia-Seng Chang Yang-Yuan Chen Department of Physics National Taiwan University Taipei 106319 Taiwan Republic of China Institute of Physics Academia Sinica Taipei 115201 Taiwan Republic of China Nano science and Technology program Taiwan International Graduate Program Taipei 115201 Taiwan Republic of China Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei 106319 Taiwan Republic of China Department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China Hong Kong Institute for Advanced Study City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China Department of Physics National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung 804201 Taiwan Republic of China Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica Taipei 106319 Taiwan Republic of China Graduate Institute of Applied Physics National Chengchi University Taipei 116011 Taiwan Republic of China

It is important to study the properties of high quality single crystal in order to resolve the issue of an interesting material in which certain debatable fundamental properties exist. However, it is unfortunate that a sizable single crystal for experimental measurements is not always available. NbN is one of the examples; it has attracted scientific and engineering interest due to its diverse physical properties and a variety of structural phases. Until now superconductivity is only observed in cubic δ- and tetragonal γ-NbN but not in hexagonal ɛ-NbN. Recently, Zou et al. reported the observation of superconductivity with Tc∼11.6K in a hexagonal ɛ-NbN based on the measurement on a multiphase powder specimen. In order to resolve the issue, the work used the electron backscattering diffraction technique to characterize phases of micron-size NbN crystals from commercial powders and measure their transport properties. Our results unambiguously confirm that the hexagonal ɛ-NbN phase is not superconducting.

关键词： Electrical conductivity Specific heat Superconductors

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Progress in experimental assessments of buoyancy work energy storage

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science Talks 2024年 10卷

作者： Abdul Hai Alami Mohamad Ayoub Adnan Alashkar Shamma Abdalla Ahmad Yasin Ayman Mdallal Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering Department University of Sharjah Sharjah P.O. Box 27272 United Arab Emirates Materials Science and Engineering PhD Program American University of Sharjah Sharjah P.O. Box 26666 United Arab Emirates Mechanical Engineering Department American University of Sharjah Sharjah 26666 United Arab Emirates

This work reiterates the potential of buoyancy work energy storage (BWES) systems which has been presented in previously published experimental-based literature. The concept of buoyancy work can be grasped when studying the operation of mobility devices such as hot air balloons or boats, where buoyancy plays a key role in keeping them afloat. Conventional experimental BWES systems that were studied in previous literature consist of a water tank, a submergible buoy, a motor/generator carrying out the charging/discharging processes, respectively, and a data acquisition interface. It is interesting to see the progression of this technology at lab scale, where initial designs included the use of a barrel as the water tank, and Styrofoam cut-outs as buoys. One design utilized a ring with multiple Styrofoam buoys attached to it, and it was later enhanced by adding helical engravings to the buoys' surface to affect its interaction with water positively during descension and ascension. The latest study added to this timeline of ongoing development investigates the effect of different buoy materials, surface coatings, buoy infill gasses, and load.

关键词： Buoyancy work energy storage mechanical energy storage Offshore wind turbines Battery alternatives

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Mapping Structural Heterogeneity at the Nanoscale with Scanning Nano-structure Electron Microscopy (SNEM)

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Rakita, Yevgeny Hart, James L. Das, Partha Pratim Foley, Daniel L. Nicolopoulos, Stavros Shahrezaei, Sina Mathaudhu, Suveen Nigel Taheri, Mitra L. Billinge, Simon J.L. Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics Columbia University New YorkNY10027 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD21218 United States NanoMEGAS SPRL Rue Émile Claus 49 Bte 9 BrusselsB1050 Belgium Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California Riverside RiversideCA29521 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California Riverside RiversideCA92521 United States Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNY11973 United States

Here we explore the use of scanning electron diffraction (also known as 4D-STEM) coupled with electron atomic pair distribution function analysis (ePDF) to understand the local order (structure and chemistry) as a function of position in a complex multicomponent system, a hot rolled, Ni-encapsulated, Zr65Cu17.5Ni10Al7.5 bulk metallic glass (BMG), with a spatial resolution of 3 nm. We show that it is possible to gain insight into the chemistry and chemical clustering/ordering tendency in different regions of the sample, including in the vicinity of nano-scale crystallites that are identified from virtual dark field images and in heavily deformed regions at the edge of the BMG. In addition to simpler analysis, unsupervised machine learning was used to extract partial PDFs from the material, modelled as a quasi-binary alloy, and map them in space. These maps allowed key insights not only into the local average composition, as validated by EELS, but also a unique insight into chemical short-range ordering tendencies in different regions of the sample during formation. The experiments are straightforward and rapid and, unlike spectroscopic measurements, don’t require energy filters on the instrument. We spatially map different quantities of interest (QoI’s), defined as scalars that can be computed directly from positions and widths of ePDF peaks or parameters refined from fits to the patterns. We developed a flexible and rapid data reduction and analysis software framework that allows experimenters to rapidly explore images of the sample on the basis of different QoI’s. The power and flexibility of this approach are explored and described in detail. Because of the fact that we are getting spatially resolved images of the nanoscale structure obtained from ePDFs we call this approach scanning nano-structure electron microscopy (SNEM), and we believe that it will be powerful and useful extension of current 4D-STEM methods. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Electrons

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Schottky barrier height engineering In β-Ga2O3 using SiO2interlayer dielectric

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Bhattacharyya, Arkka Ranga, Praneeth Saleh, Muad Roy, Saurav Scarpulla, Michael A. Lynn, Kelvin G. Krishnamoorthy, Sriram Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Utah Salt Lake CityUT84112 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Utah Salt Lake CityUT84112 United States Materials Science & Engineering Program Center for Materials Research Washington State University PullmanWA99164 United States Materials Science & Engineering Program Center for Materials Research School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Department of Physics Washington State University PullmanWA99164 United States

This paper reports on the modulation of Schottky barrier heights (SBH) on three different orientations of βGa2O3 by insertion of an ultra-thin SiO2 dielectric interlayer at the metal-semiconductor junction, which can potentially lower the Fermi-level pinning (FLP) effect due to metal-induced gap states (MIGS). Pt and Ni metal-semiconductor (MS) and metal-interlayer-semiconductor (MIS) Schottky barrier diodes were fabricated on bulk n-type doped β-Ga2O3 single crystal substrates along the (010), (-201) and (100) orientations and were characterized by room temperature current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements. Pt MIS diodes exhibited 0.53 eV and 0.37 eV increment in SBH along the (010) and (-201) orientations respectively as compared to their respective MS counterparts. The highest SBH of 1.81 eV was achieved on the (010)-oriented MIS SBD using Pt metal. The MIS SBDs on (100)-oriented substrates exhibited a dramatic increment (>1.5×) in SBH as well as reduction in reverse leakage current. The use of thin dielectric interlayers can be an efficient experimental method to modulate SBH of metal/Ga2O3 junctions. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Schottky barrier diodes

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Large magnetic moment in flexoelectronic silicon at room temperature

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Lou, Paul C. Katailiha, Anand Bhardwaj, Ravindra G. Beyermann, Ward P. Juraschek, Dominik M. Kumar, Sandeep Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California RiversideCA92521 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California RiversideCA92521 United States Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University CambridgeMA02145 United States Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California RiversideCA92521 United States

Time-dependent rotational electric polarizations have been proposed to generate temporally varying magnetic moments, for example, through a combination of ferroelectric polarization and optical phonons. This phenomenon has been called dynamical multiferroicity, but explicit experimental demonstrations have been elusive to date. Here, we report the detection of a temporal magnetic moment as high as 1.2 µB/atom in charge-doped thin film of silicon under flexural strain. We demonstrate that the magnetic moment is generated by a combination of electric polarization arising from a flexoelectronic charge separation along the strain gradient and the deformation potential of phonons. The effect can be controlled by adjusting the external strain gradient, doping concentration and dopant, and can be regarded as a dynamical multiferroic effect involving flexoelectronics polarization instead of ferroelectricity. The discovery of a large magnetic moment in silicon may enable the use of non-magnetic and non-ferroelectric semiconductors in various multiferroic and spintronic applications. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Magnetic moments

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Single-phase duodenary high-entropy fluorite/pyrochlore oxides with an order-disorder transition

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Wright, Andrew J. Wang, Qingyang Hu, Chongze Yeh, Yi-Ting Chen, Renkun Luo, Jian Department of NanoEngineering United States Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Program of Materials Science and Engineering University of California San Diego San diegoCA92093 United States

Improved thermomechanical properties have been reported for various high-entropy oxides containing typically five metal cations. This study further investigates a series of duodenary (11 metals + oxygen) high-entropy oxides by mixing different fractions of a five-cation fluorite-structured niobate and a seven-cation pyrochlore (both containing Yb) with matching lattice constants. Nine compositions of duodenary high-entropy oxides have been examined. All of them exhibit single high-entropy phases of either disordered fluorite or ordered pyrochlore structure. An order-disorder transition (ODT) is evident with changing composition, accompanied by a reduction in thermal conductivity (k). In comparison with the ODT criteria developed from ternary oxides, these duodenary oxides are more prone to disorder, but the ODT is still controlled by similar factors (but at different thresholds). Interestingly, there are abrupt increases in Young’s modulus (E) at low mixing concentrations near both endmembers. The E/k ratios are increased, in comparison with both endmembers. This study suggests a new route to tailor high-entropy ceramics via controlling cation ordering vs. disordering. © 2020, CC BY.

关键词： Thermal conductivity

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Polyzwitterionic Hydrogels for Highly Efficient High Salinity Solar Desalination

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Angewandte Chemie 2022年第36期134卷

作者： Chuxin Lei Weixin Guan Youhong Guo Wen Shi Yuyang Wang Prof. Keith P. Johnston Prof. Guihua Yu Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA

Interfacial solar vapor generation (SVG) is regarded as a promising and sustainable strategy for clean water production. While many materials have demonstrated excellent evaporation rates under one sun, it remains challenging to design solar evaporators without compromising SVG performance in high-salinity brines (≥10 wt %). Herein, polyzwitterionic hydrogels (PZHs) are proposed as a novel platform for high-salinity solar desalination. Taking advantage of the unique anti-polyelectrolyte effects, PZHs can trap salt ions from the brine water to form a more hydrated polymer network, leading to enhanced SVG performance. PZHs exhibit an exceptional solar evaporation rate of 4.14 kg m −2 h −1 in 10 wt % brine, which is ≈20 % higher than that in pure water. It is anticipated that salt-responsive PZHs may provide insights for the design of next-generation solar desalination systems.

关键词： Anti-Polyelectrolyte Effects Hydration Polyzwitterionic Hydrogel Solar Desalination Solar Vapor Generation

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