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A Chemistry and Microstructure Perspective on Ion-Conducting Membranes for Redox Flow Batteries

Angewandte Chemie 2021年第47期133卷

作者： Ping Xiong Dr. Leyuan Zhang Yuyue Chen Dr. Sangshan Peng Prof. Guihua Yu State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics Advanced Catalytic Engineer Research Center of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX USA

Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are among the most promising grid-scale energy storage technologies. However, the development of RFBs with high round-trip efficiency, high rate capability, and long cycle life for practical applications is highly restricted by the lack of appropriate ion-conducting membranes. Promising RFB membranes should separate positive and negative species completely and conduct balancing ions smoothly. Specific systems must meet additional requirements, such as high chemical stability in corrosive electrolytes, good resistance to organic solvents in nonaqueous systems, and excellent mechanical strength and flexibility. These rigorous requirements put high demands on the membrane design, essentially the chemistry and microstructure associated with ion transport channels. In this Review, we summarize the design rationale of recently reported RFB membranes at the molecular level, with an emphasis on new chemistry, novel microstructures, and innovative fabrication strategies. Future challenges and potential research opportunities within this field are also discussed.

关键词： energy storage ion-conducting membranes ion transport channels membranes redox flow batteries

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3D reconstruction of bias effects on porosity, alignment and mesoscale structure in electrospun tubular polycaprolactone

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Liu, Yi-Xiao Chaparro, F.J. Gray, Z. Gaumer, J. Cybyk, D.B. Ross, L. Gosser, P. Tian, Z. Jia, Y. Dull, T. Yarin, A.L. Lannutti, J.J. Ohio State University Department of Materials Science and Engineering 116 W 19th Avenue ColumbusOH43210 United States Nanoscience Instruments 10008 S. 51st Street Suite 110 PhoenixAZ85044 United States Tosoh SMD Inc. 3600 Gantz Road Grove CityOH43123 United States Ohio State University Department of Biomedical Engineering 116 W 19th Avenue ColumbusOH43210 United States Columbus Academy 4300 Cherry Bottom Road GahannaOH43230 United States University of Illinois Chicago Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering 842 West Taylor Street MC 251 ChicagoIL60607 United States Center for Chronic Brain Injury Program Ohio State University ColumbusOH43210 United States

Porosity variations in tubular scaffolds are critical to reproducible, sophisticated applications of electrospun fibers in biomedicine. Established laser micrometry techniques produced ~14,000 datapoints enabling thickness and porosity plots versus both the azimuthal (Φ) and axial (Z) directions following cylindrical mandrel deposition. These 3D datasets could then be 'unrolled' into 'maps' revealing variations in thickness and porosity versus 0, -5, and -15 kV collector bias. As bias increases, thinner, more 'focused' depositions occur. At 0 kV bias, maximum thickness coincides with maximum porosity;at -5 kV bias, maximum thickness coincides with minimum porosity. Porosity maps show that at 0 kV, a concave-down central region of higher (~93-94%) porosity exists bounded on either side by roughly symmetric, parabolic decreases to ~87-89% within ~15v%. At -5 kV, a different concave-up character occurs, showing a central porosity of ~82-84% bounded by symmetric, parabolic increases in porosity to ~85-86%. At -15 kV, the porosity profile shows either concave-up or linear behavior. Simultaneous decreases in net porosity versus bias (91.1%@0kV > 83.4%@-5kV > 80.2%@-15 kV) are sensible, but significant changes in the distribution were unexpected. Surprisingly, at 0 kV, extensive mesoscale surface roughness is evident. Optical profilometry revealed unique features ~1600×420 μm in size, standing ~210 μm above the surrounding surface. These shrink to only ~440×150 μm in size and ~30 μm higher at -5 kV bias and disappear entirely at -15 kV. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) resolved these into novel, localized 'domains' containing tightly aligned fibers oriented parallel to the mandrel axis. Observation of 'curly' fibers in the SEMs following -5 and -15 kV indicate buckling instabilities. This agrees with prior observations of residual solvent effects: increased bias causes faster motion toward the mandrel, meaning (1) its solvent content upon arrival is higher, leading to lo

关键词： Porosity

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Optothermal nanolithography for versatile low-power patterning of atomic-thin two-dimensional materials

Optothermal nanolithography for versatile low-power patterni...

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CLEO: Applications and Technology, CLEO_AT 2018

作者： Li, Jingang Lin, Linhan Peng, Xiaolei Zheng, Yuebing Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States

We report a new technique - optothermal nanolithography - to achieve fast, on-demand and arbitrary patterning of different atomic-thin two-dimensional materials using the highly localized plasmonic heating effect. ... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781943580422

关键词： Plasmonics

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All-Electric Ship Sustainable Power from Alkaline Membrane Fuel Cells

All-Electric Ship Sustainable Power from Alkaline Membrane F...

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IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium, ESTS

作者： Rodrigo C. Raimundo José V. C. Vargas Juan C. Ordonez Graduate Program in Materials Science Engineering and Sustainable Energy Research and Development Center Federal University of Paraná UFPR Curitiba Brazil Department of Mechanical Engineering Florida State University FSU Tallahassee FL USA

This work proposes a system that combines H2 produced by Al oxidation in water using NaOH as catalyst, and a fuel cell stack to generate power. A cellulosic membrane avoids the use of asbestos (carcinogenic) and ammonia (toxic) based membranes. Aluminum is inexpensive, abundant and fully recyclable. A sustainable alkaline membrane fuel cell (SAMFC) stack with four single cells, the reactor, and CO 2 purifier were built. The results are presented in polarization and power curves. Even with recycled aluminum, the results demonstrate that the SAMFC stack delivered 3.73 V in open circuit and ~3 W of maximum power, which is similar to the stack operating with pure H2. Taking into account that H2 could also be generated by aluminum corrosion in seawater, the main conclusion is that with in situ sustainable H2 production, the SAMFC stack has the potential to become economically competitive, and replace traditional AES power sources.

关键词： Fuel cells Aluminum Voltage measurement Prototypes Electrolytes Current measurement Marine vehicles

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Atomic layer deposition and first principles modeling of glassy Li₃BO₃-Li₂CO₃ electrolytes for solid-state Li metal batteries

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JOURNAL OF materials CHEMISTRY A 2018年第40期6卷 19425-19437页

作者： Kazyak, Eric Chen, Kuan-Hung Davis, Andrew L. Yu, Seungho Sanchez, Adrian J. Lasso, Jose Bielinski, Ashley R. Thompson, Travis Sakamoto, Jeff Siegel, Donald J. Dasgupta, Neil P. [a]Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor USA E-mail: ndasgupt@umich.edu [b] Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor USA [c] Michigan Energy Institute University of Michigan Ann Arbor USA [d] Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann Arbor USA

Thin-film lithium solid electrolytes can serve as passivation layers, interfacial coatings, and enable 3D solid-state batteries. Here we present an Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) process for synthesis of amorphous lithium borate-carbonate (LBCO) films. These films exhibit ionic conductivities up to 2.2 x 10(-6) S cm(-1), six times greater than previously reported for any ALD solid electrolyte. First principles calculations trace the high conductivity to contributions from enhanced rotational motion of the carbonate and borate anions achieved by precise control of Li and C content by ALD. The high conductivity, coupled with a wide band gap and electrochemical stability window, leads to a total area specific resistance (ASR) of <5 cm(2) for a 100 nm thick electrolyte and an ionic transference number >0.9999 from 0-6 volts vs. Li metal. The LBCO ALD solid electrolyte exhibits stability upon exposure to air, and in contact with both Li metal anodes and cathode materials. Thin-film full cells containing Li metal electrodes exhibit high coulombic efficiency for over 150 cycles with no capacity fading. These characteristics make glassy LBCO a promising new material for solid-state Li metal batteries.

关键词： Atomic layer deposition

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3D printing of silk fibroin-based hybrid scaffold treated with platelet rich plasma for bone tissue engineering

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Bioactive materials 2019年第1期4卷 256-260页

作者： Liang Wei Shaohua Wu Mitchell Kuss Xiping Jiang Runjun Sun Reid Patrick Xiaohong Qin Duan Bin School of Textile Science and Engineering Xi'an Polytechnic UniversityXi'an710048PR China Mary&Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program Division of CardiologyDepartment of Internal MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE68198USA Key Laboratory of Textile Science&Technology Ministry of EducationCollege of TextilesDonghua UniversityShanghai201620PR China College of Textiles&Clothing Qingdao UniversityQingdao266071PR China Department of Pathology&Microbiology College of MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE68198USA Department of Surgery College of MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE68198USA Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE68516USA

3D printing/bioprinting are promising techniques to fabricate scaffolds with well controlled and patient-specific structures and architectures for bone tissue *** this study,we developed a composite bioink consisting of silk fibroin(SF),gelatin(GEL),hyaluronic acid(HA),and tricalcium phosphate(TCP)and 3D bioprinted the silk fibroin-based hybrid *** 3D bioprinted scaffolds with dual crosslinking were further treated with human platelet-rich plasma(PRP)to generate PRP coated ***/Dead and MTT assays demonstrated that PRP treatment could obviously promote the cell growth and proliferation of human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells(HADMSC).In addition,the treatment of PRP did not significantly affect alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity and expression,but significantly upregulated the gene expression levels of late osteogenic *** study demonstrated that the 3D printing of silk fibroin-based hybrid scaffolds,in combination with PRP post-treatment,might be a more efficient strategy to promote osteogenic differentiation of adult stem cells and has significant potential to be used for bone tissue engineering.

关键词： 3D bioprinting Hybrid scaffold Coating Growth factor cocktail Tissue engineering

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Imaging real-time amorphization of hybrid perovskite solar cells under electrical biasing

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Kim, Min-Cheol Ahn, Namyoung Cheng, Diyi Xu, Mingjie Pan, Xiaoqing Kim, Suk Jun Luo, Yanqi Fenning, David P. Tan, Darren H.S. Zhang, Minghao Ham, So-Yeon Jeong, Kiwan Choi, Mansoo Meng, Ying Shirley Department of NanoEngineering University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive San diegoCA92093 United States Global Frontier Center for Multiscale Energy Systems Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive San diegoCA92093 United States Irvine Materials Research Institute University of California Irvine IrvineCA92697 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California Irvine IrvineCA92697 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California Irvine IrvineCA92697 United States School of Energy Materials and Chemical Engineering Korea University of Technology and Education Cheonan31253 Korea Republic of University of California San Diego San diegoCA92093 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of

Perovskite solar cells have drawn much attention in recent years, owing to its world-record setting photovoltaic performances. Despite its promising use in tandem applications and flexible devices, its practicality is still limited by its structural instability often arising from ion migration and defect formation. While it is generally understood that ion instability is a primary cause for degradation, there is still a lack of direct evidence of structural transformation at the atomistic scale. Such an understanding is crucial to evaluate and pin-point how such instabilities are induced relative to external perturbations such as illumination or electrical bias with time, allowing researchers to devise effective strategies to mitigate them. Here, we designed an in-situ TEM setup to enable real-time observation of amorphization in double cation mixed perovskite materials under electrical biasing at 1 V. It is found that amorphization occurs along the (001) and (002) planes, which represents the observation of in-situ facet-dependent amorphization of a perovskite crystal. To reverse the degradation, the samples were heated at 50 oC and was found to recrystallize, effectively regaining its performance losses. This work is vital toward understanding fundamental ion-migration phenomena and address instability challenges of perovskite optoelectronics. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Perovskite

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Contamination of TEM holders quantified and mitigated with open-hardware, high-vacuum bakeout system

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Goh, Yin Min Schwartz, Jonathan Rennich, Emily Ma, Tao Kerns, Bobby Hovden, Robert Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Michigan Center for Materials Characterization University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States H.H. Dow Building 2300 Hayward St. Ann ArborMI48109 United States

Hydrocarbon contamination plagues high-resolution and analytical electron microscopy by depositing carbonaceous layers onto surfaces during electron irradiation, which can render carefully prepared specimens useless. Increased specimen thickness degrades resolution with beam broadening alongside loss of contrast. The large inelastic cross-section of carbon hampers accurate atomic species detection. Oxygen and water molecules pose problems of lattice damage by chemically etching the specimen during imaging. These constraints on high-resolution and spectroscopic imaging demand clean, high-vacuum microscopes with dry pumps. Here, we present an open-hardware design of a high-vacuum manifold for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) holders to mitigate hydrocarbon and residual species exposure. We quantitatively show that TEM holders are inherently dirty and introduce a range of unwanted chemical species. Overnight storage in our manifold reduces contaminants by 1 – 2 orders of magnitude and promotes 2 – 4 times faster vacuum recovery. A built-in bakeout system further reduces contaminants partial pressure to below 10-10 Torr (~4 orders of magnitude down from ambient storage) and alleviates monolayer adsorption during a typical TEM experiment. We determine that bakeout of TEM holder with specimen held therein is the optimal cleaning method. Our high-vacuum manifold design is published with open-source blueprints, parts list, and cost. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： High resolution transmission electron microscopy

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Germanium polishing via femtosecond laser radiation

Germanium polishing via femtosecond laser radiation

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Optical Fabrication and Testing, OFT 2019 - Part of Optical Design and Fabrication 2019

作者： Taylor, L.L. Xu, J. Smith, T.R. Pomerantz, M. Lambropoulos, J.C. Qiao, J. Rochester Institute of Technology Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science RochesterNY United States University of Rochester Department of Mechanical Engineering RochesterNY United States University of Rochester Materials Science Program RochesterNY United States University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics RochesterNY United States Aperture Optical Sciences MeridenCT United States

Femtosecond laser polishing of germanium was demonstrated by controlling laser parameters to realize smooth processing. Scalable material removal with optical quality was achieved, showing the capability of femtosecon... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781943580606

关键词： Germanium

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2D nanomaterials assembled from sequence-defined molecules

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Nano-Structures and Nano-Objects 2018年 15卷 153-166页

作者： Mu, Peng Zhou, Guangwen Chen, Chun-Long Physical Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland 99352 WA United States Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program State University of New York Binghamton 13902 NY United States

Two dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have attracted broad interest owing to their unique physical and chemical properties with potential applications in electronics, chemistry, biology, medicine and pharmaceutics. Due to the current limitations of traditional 2D nanomaterials (e.g., graphene and graphene oxide) in tuning surface chemistry and compositions, 2D nanomaterials assembled from sequence-defined molecules (e.g., DNAs, proteins, peptides and peptoids) have recently been developed. They represent an emerging class of 2D nanomaterials with attractive physical and chemical properties. In this mini-review, we summarize the recent progress in the synthesis and applications of this type of sequence-defined 2D nanomaterials. The challenges and opportunities in this new field are also discussed. © 2017

关键词： 2D nanomaterials Self-assembly Sequence-defined molecules Surface chemistry

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