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arXiv 2019年

作者： Grissonnanche, G. Legros, A. Badoux, S. Lefrançois, E. Zatko, V. Lizaire, M. Laliberté, F. Gourgout, A. Zhou, J.-S. Pyon, S. Takayama, T. Takagi, H. Ono, S. Doiron-Leyraud, N. Taillefer, L. Institut quantique Département de physique & RQMP Université de Sherbrooke SherbrookeQCJ1K 2R1 Canada SPEC CEA CNRS-UMR3680 Université Paris-Saclay Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex91191 France Materials Science and Engineering Program Mechanical Engineering University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Department of Advanced Materials University of Tokyo Kashiwa277-8561 Japan Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry Kanagawa240-0196 Japan Canadian Institute for Advanced Research TorontoONM5G 1Z8 Canada

The nature of the pseudogap phase of cuprates remains a major puzzle. Although there are indications that this phase breaks various symmetries, there is no consensus on its fundamental nature1. Although Fermi-surface2, transport3 and thermodynamic4 signatures of the pseudogap phase are reminiscent of a transition into a phase with antiferromagnetic order5,6, there is no evidence for an associated long-range magnetic order. Here we report measurements of the thermal Hall conductivity κxy in the normal state of four different cuprates (La1.6-xNd0.4SrxCuO4, La1.8-xEu0.2SrxCuO4, La2-xSrxCuO4, and Bi2Sr2-xLaxCuO6+δ) and show that a large negative κxy signal is a property of the pseudogap phase, appearing with the onset of that phase at the critical doping p*. Since it is not due to charge carriers – as it persists when the material becomes an insulator, at low doping – or magnons – as it exists in the absence of magnetic order – or phonons – since skew scattering is very weak, we attribute this κxy signal to exotic neutral excitations, presumably with spin chirality7. The thermal Hall conductivity in the pseudogap phase of cuprates is reminiscent of that found in insulators with spin-liquid states8,9,10. In the Mott insulator La2CuO4, it attains the highest known magnitude of any insulator11. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Copper compounds

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5th Anniversary Article: A Lesson from Plants: High-Speed Soft Robotic Actuators (Adv. Sci. 5/2020)

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Advanced science 2020年第5期7卷 2070024-2070024页

作者： Richard Baumgartner Alexander Kogler Josef M. Stadlbauer Choon Chiang Foo Rainer Kaltseis Melanie Baumgartner Guoyong Mao Christoph Keplinger Soo Jin Adrian Koh Nikita Arnold Zhigang Suo Martin Kaltenbrunner Siegfried Bauer Soft Matter Physics Institute of Experimental Physics Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenberger Straße 69 Linz 4040 Austria Soft Materials Lab Linz Institute of Technology LIT Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenberger Straße 69 Linz 4040 Austria Institute of High Performance Computing A*STAR 1 Fusionopolis Way #16-16 Connexis Singapore 138632 Singapore Institute of Polymer Science Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenberger Straße 69 Linz 4040 Austria Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO 80309 USA Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO 80303 USA Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117575 Singapore John A Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University 29 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA

Explosion of ping‐pong balls that is caused by the rapid inflation of an elastomer membrane. The illustrated ultrafast actuation is based on a plant‐inspired mechanical instability that occurs in natural rubber and can be remotely triggered, presented in article number https://***/10.1002/advs.201903391 by Martin Kaltenbrunner and co‐workers. These new types of high‐speed soft actuators have potential applications in object sorting or grasping.

关键词： bioinspired dielectric elastomer actuators coupled dielectric elastomer balloons snap-buckling snap-through instabilities soft robotics for high-speed actuation

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Facile and Scalable Synthesis of Copolymer-Sulfur Composites as Cathodes for High Performance Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

Facile and Scalable Synthesis of Copolymer-Sulfur Composites...

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MRS Advances

作者： Liu, Jingjing Campbell, Brennan Ye, Rachel Bell, Jeffrey Mutlu, Zafer Li, Changling Yan, Yiran Ozkan, Mihri Ozkan, Cengiz Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California RiversideCA92521 United States Mechanical Engineering Department University of California RiversideCA92521 United States Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of California RiversideCA92521 United States

To promote the energy density of lithium-ion battery, the sulfur-based cathode has attracted extensive attention because of its high specific capacity of 1672 mAh g-1 and its high abundance. However, the sulfur shuttling effects and the loss of active material during lithiation hinder its commercial application. To tackle these issues, we synthesized a stable copolymer-sulfur composite by chemically binding sulfur. The composite with 86% sulfur content was prepared using 1,3-diethynylbenzen and sulfur particles via scalable invers vulcanization. The sulfur content in copolymer sulfur was achieved as high as 86%. Our copolymer-sulfur composite cathode showed excellent cycling performance with a specific capacity of 454 mAh g-1 at 0.1 C after 300 cycles. We demonstrate that the organosulfur-DEB units in the copolymer-sulfur composite serve as the 'plasticizer' to effectively prevent the polysulfide shuttling. Copyright © materials Research Society 2017.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries

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Biredox Eutectic Electrolytes Derived from Organic Redox‐Active Molecules: High‐Energy Storage Systems

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Angewandte Chemie 2019年第21期131卷

作者： Changkun Zhang Yumin Qian Yu Ding Leyuan Zhang Xuelin Guo Yu Zhao Guihua Yu Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Soochow University 199 Renai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China

One promising candidate for high‐energy storage systems is the nonaqueous redox flow battery (NARFB). However, their application is limited by low solubility of redox‐active materials and poor performance at high current density. Reported here is a new strategy, a biredox eutectic, as the sole electrolyte for NARFB to achieve a significantly higher concentration of redox‐active materials and enhance the cell performance. Without other auxiliary solvents, the biredox eutectic electrolyte is formed directly by the molecular interactions between two different redox‐active molecules. Such a unique electrolyte possesses high concentration with low viscosity (3.5 m , for N ‐butylphthalimide and 1,1‐dimethylferrocene system) and a relatively high working voltage of 1.8 V, enabling high capacity and energy density of NARFB. The resulting high‐performance NARFB demonstrates that the biredox eutectic based strategy is potentially promising for low‐cost and high‐energy storage systems.

关键词： Batterien Elektrolyte Energiespeicherung Redoxchemie Wasserstoffbrücken

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Silicon/polypyrrole nanocomposite wrapped with graphene for lithium ion anodes

Silicon/polypyrrole nanocomposite wrapped with graphene for ...

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MRS Advances

作者： Li, Changling Liu, Chueh Mutlu, Zafer Yan, Yiran Ahmed, Kazi Ozkan, Mihri Ozkan, Cengiz S. Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California RiversideCA92521 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California RiversideCA92521 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California RiversideCA92521 United States

Herein, silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) are coated with conducting hydrogel and wrapped with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets via a facile and scalable solution-based sol-gel process. The in-situ polymerized polypyrrole (PPy) hydrogel forms an interconnected three-dimensional (3D) fiber matrix. Amine and hydroxyl groups from the hydrogel assist the encapsulation of the SiNPs through hydrogen bonding. The electro-conductive PPy fiber network and the wrapping of rGO offer efficient electron and ion transport pathways. The PPy/SiNPs/rGO electrodes can produce highly reversible capacities of 1312, 1285 and 1066 mAh g-1 at 100, 250 and 500 cycles at a current density of 2.1 A g-1, respectively. Copyright © materials Research Society 2017.

关键词： Polypyrroles

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Hypostatic jammed packings of frictionless nonspherical particles

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Physical Review E 2018年第1期97卷 012909-012909页

作者： Kyle VanderWerf Weiwei Jin Mark D. Shattuck Corey S. O'Hern Department of Physics Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science Peking University Beijing 100871 China Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Benjamin Levich Institute and Physics Department The City College of New York New York New York 10031 USA Department of Applied Physics Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Graduate Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA

We perform computational studies of static packings of a variety of nonspherical particles including circulo-lines, circulo-polygons, ellipses, asymmetric dimers, dumbbells, and others to determine which shapes form packings with fewer contacts than degrees of freedom (hypostatic packings) and which have equal numbers of contacts and degrees of freedom (isostatic packings), and to understand why hypostatic packings of nonspherical particles can be mechanically stable despite having fewer contacts than that predicted from naive constraint counting. To generate highly accurate force- and torque-balanced packings of circulo-lines and cir-polygons, we developed an interparticle potential that gives continuous forces and torques as a function of the particle coordinates. We show that the packing fraction and coordination number at jamming onset obey a masterlike form for all of the nonspherical particle packings we studied when plotted versus the particle asphericity A, which is proportional to the ratio of the squared perimeter to the area of the particle. Further, the eigenvalue spectra of the dynamical matrix for packings of different particle shapes collapse when plotted at the same A. For hypostatic packings of nonspherical particles, we verify that the number of “quartic” modes along which the potential energy increases as the fourth power of the perturbation amplitude matches the number of missing contacts relative to the isostatic value. We show that the fourth derivatives of the total potential energy in the directions of the quartic modes remain nonzero as the pressure of the packings is decreased to zero. In addition, we calculate the principal curvatures of the inequality constraints for each contact in circulo-line packings and identify specific types of contacts with inequality constraints that possess convex curvature. These contacts can constrain multiple degrees of freedom and allow hypostatic packings of nonspherical particles to be mechanically stable.

关键词： Granular materials Granular packing Jamming

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Stretchable Electronics: Nylon Fabric Enabled Tough and Flaw Insensitive Stretchable Electronics (Adv. Mater. Technol. 4/2019)

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Advanced materials Technologies 2019年第4期4卷

作者： Kyoseung Sim Yang Gao Zhou Chen Jizhou Song Cunjiang Yu Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Houston Houston TX 77204 USA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Houston Houston TX 77204 USA School of Mechanical and Power Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China Department of Engineering Mechanics Soft Matter Research Center and Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Houston Houston TX 77204 USA

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Quantifying the trade-offs between energy consumption and salt removal rate in membrane-free cation intercalation desalination

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Liu, Sizhe Smith, Kyle C. Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States Computational Science and Engineering Program University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States Beckman Institute for Advanced Study University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States

Electrochemical desalination devices that use redox-active cation intercalation electrodes show promise for desalination of salt-rich water resources with high water recovery and low energy consumption. While previous modeling and experiments used ion-exchange membranes to maximize charge efciency, here a membrane-free alternative is evaluated to reduce capital cost by using a porous diaphragm to separate Na1+xNiFe(CN)6 electrodes. Two-dimensional porous-electrode modeling shows that, while charge eficiency losses are inherent to a diaphragm-based architecture, charge eficiency values approaching the anion transference number (61% for NaCl) are achievable for diaphragms with suFIciently low salt conductance. Closed-form equations are thereby derived that relate charge eficiency to the non-dimensional Pfeclet and Damkohler numbers that enable the selection of current and ow velocity to produce a desired degree-of-desalination. Simulations using these conditions are used to quantify the tradeo_s between energy consumption and salt removal rate for diaphragmbased cells operated at a range of currents. The simulated distributions of reactions are shown to result from the local salt concentration variations within electrodes using di_usion-potential theory. We also simulate the cycling dynamics of various ow configurations and show that ow-through electrodes exceed the degree-of-desalination compared with ow-by and ow-behind configurations due to solution stagnation within electrodes. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Desalination

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Analyses of protein cores reveal fundamental differences between solution and crystal structures

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Mei, Zhe Treado, John D. Grigas, Alex T. Levine, Zachary A. Regan, Lynne O'Hern, Corey S. Integrated Graduate Program in Physical & Engineering Biology Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Chemistry Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Graduate Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Pathology Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Institute of Quantitative Biology Biochemistry and Biotechnology Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology School of Biological Sciences University of Edinburgh Department of Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Applied Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States

There have been several studies suggesting that protein structures solved by NMR spectroscopy and x-ray crystallography show significant differences. To understand the origin of these differences, we assembled a database of high-quality protein structures solved by both methods. We also find significant differences between NMR and crystal structures|in the root-mean-square deviations of the Cα atomic positions, identities of core amino acids, backbone and sidechain dihedral angles, and packing fraction of core residues. In contrast to prior studies, we identify the physical basis for these differences by modelling protein cores as jammed packings of amino-acid-shaped particles. We find that we can tune the jammed packing fraction by varying the degree of thermalization used to generate the packings. For an athermal protocol, we find that the average jammed packing fraction is identical to that observed in the cores of protein structures solved by x-ray crystallography. In contrast, highly thermalized packing-generation protocols yield jammed packing fractions that are even higher than those observed in NMR structures. These results indicate that thermalized systems can pack more densely than athermal systems, which suggests a physical basis for the structural differences between protein structures solved by NMR and x-ray crystallography. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： X ray crystallography

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Glypican-1-antibody-conjugated Gd–Au nanoclusters for FI/MRI dual-modal targeted detection of pancreatic cancer

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International Journal of Nanomedicine 2018年 13卷 2585-2599页

作者： Xin Huang Chengqi Fan Huanhuan Zhu Wenjun Le Shaobin Cui Xin Chen Wei Li Fulei Zhang Yong Huang Donglu Sh Zheng Cui Chengwei Shao Bingdi Chen 1 The Institute for Translational Nanomedicine Shanghai East Hospital The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China 2 Radiology Department of Changhai Hospital The Second Military Medical University Shanghai China 3 Department of Thyroid Surgery The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University Jilin China 4 International Joint Cancer Institute The Second Military Medical University Shanghai China 1 The Institute for Translational Nanomedicine Shanghai East Hospital The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China5 The Materials Science & Engineering Program Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering College of Engineering & Applied Science University of Cincinnati OH USA 1 The Institute for Translational Nanomedicine Shanghai East Hospital The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China6 Department of Pathology Wake Forest University School of Medicine Winston-Salem NC USA

IntroductionPancreatic cancer (PC) has a poor prognosis with high mortality, due to the lack of effective early diagnostic and prognostic *** and methodsIn order to target and diagnose PC, we developed a dual-modal imaging probe using Glypican-1 (GPC-1) antibody conjugated with Gd–Au nanoclusters (NCs; Gd-Au-NC-GPC-1). GPC-1 is a type of cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan, which is often highly expressed in PC. The probe was successfully prepared with a hydrodynamic diameter ranging from 13.5 to 24.4 *** characteristics showed absorption at 280 nm and prominent emission at 650 nm. Confocal microscopic imaging showed effective detection of GPC-1 highly expressed PC cells by Gd-Au-NC-GPC-1, which was consistent with flow cytometry results. In vitro relaxivity characterization demonstrated that the r1 value of the probe was 17.722 s−1mM−1Gd, which was almost 4 times higher compared with that of Gd-diethylenetriaminepentacetate (DTPA; r1 value =4.6 s−1mM−1Gd). Gd-Au-NC-GPC-1 exhibited similar magnetic resonance (MR) signals when compared to Gd-DTPA even at lower Gd concentrations. Much higher MR signals were registered in PC cells (COLO-357) compared with normal cells (293T). Furthermore, Gd-Au-NC-GPC-1 could effectively detect PC cells in vivo by dual-modal fluorescence imaging/magnetic resonance imaging (FI/MRI) at 30 minutes postinjection. In addition, Gd-Au-NC-GPC-1 did not show significant biotoxicity to normal cells at tested concentrations both in vitro and in ***-Au-NC-GPC-1 has demonstrated to be a promising dual-modal FI/MRI contrast agent for targeted diagnosis of PC.

关键词： pancreatic cancer Glypican-1 fluorescence imaging magnetic resonance imaging Gd–Au NCs

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