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Experimental demonstration of coupled learning in elastic networks

Physical Review applied 2024年第2期22卷 024053页

作者： Lauren E. Altman Menachem Stern Andrea J. Liu Douglas J. Durian Department of Physics & Astronomy Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics

Coupled learning is a contrastive local learning scheme for tuning the properties of individual elements within a network to achieve desired functionality of the system. It takes advantage of physics both to learn using local rules and to “compute” the output response to input data, thus enabling the system to perform decentralized computation without the need for a processor or external memory. We present three proof-of-concept mechanical networks of increasing complexity, and demonstrate how they can learn tasks such as self-symmetrization and node allostery via iterative tuning of individual spring rest lengths. These mechanical networks could feasibly be scaled and automated to solve increasingly complex tasks, hinting at a new class of smart metamaterials.

关键词： Applications of soft matter Elastic forces Learning Robustness Artificial neural networks mechanical metamaterials Smart materials Deep learning

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Quasiparticle and excitonic properties of monolayer 1T′ WTe2 within many-body perturbation theory

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Physical Review B 2024年第7期110卷 075133-075133页

作者： Jinyuan Wu Bowen Hou Wenxin Li Yu He Diana Y. Qiu Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Department of Applied Physics

In the monolayer limit, 1T′ WTe2 is a two-dimensional topological insulator exhibiting the quantum spin Hall effect and is believed to host an excitonic insulator ground state. However, theoretical analysis of this system is complicated by the difficulty of obtaining descriptions of the single-quasiparticle band structure consistent with experimental measurement within conventional first-principles techniques. Previous band-structure calculations using the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof functional and a one-shot GW approximation result in a semimetallic band structure, while calculations with hybrid functionals appear to open a band gap. Here, we demonstrate that self-consistently updating wave functions within a static GW approximation (static COHSEX) can reproduce the insulating band structure experimentally observed by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy without resorting to mechanisms beyond the quasiparticle picture. Finally, a finite-momentum Bethe-Salpeter equation calculation on top of self-consistent GW results in negative exciton excitation energies, leaving open the possibility of excitonic instability in 1T′ monolayer WTe2.

关键词： 2-dimensional systems Transition metal dichalcogenides Bethe-Salpeter equation Density functional calculations GW method

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Planar structure of organic photodetector for low dark current

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Chinese physics B 2025年第2期34卷 290-295页

作者： Mohammad Nofil Amirul Ashraf Md Sabri Fadlan Arif Natashah Tahani M Bawazeer Mohammad S Alsoufi Nur Adilah Roslan Azzuliani Supangat Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre Department of PhysicsFaculty of ScienceUniversiti MalayaKuala Lumpur50603Malaysia Department of Chemistry Faculty of Applied ScienceUmm Al-Qura UniversityMakkahSaudi Arabia Mechanical Engineering Department College of Engineering and Islamic ArchitectureUmm Al-Qura UniversityMakkahSaudi Arabia Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang43400Malaysia

The focus of this study is on investigating the vanadyl 2,9,16,23-tetraphenoxy-29H, 31H-phthalocyanine(VOPc Ph O)and its blend with o-xylenyl C60 bis-adduct(OXCBA), for use as a lateral ultraviolet organic photodetector. The research focuses on improving dark current reduction, which is a challenge in lateral organic photodetector. By integrating the OXCBA, low dark current values of 4.83 nA·cm^(-2)(D_(shot)^(*)= 1.414 × 10^(11)Jones) have been achieved as compared to the stand-alone VoPcPhO device of 14.06 nA·cm^(-2). The major contributing factors to dark current reduction are due to the efficient charge transfer at the photoactive-electrode interface, the deep highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO)level of OXCBA, which leads to favorable energy level alignments hindering hole injection, and the occurrence of bulk heterojunction vertical phase segregation between VOPcPhO and OXCBA. These findings shed light on the relationship between the organic photoconductor's material composition, morphology, and performance metrics and open new avenues for metal phthalocyanine-based lateral ultraviolet organic photodetectors with low dark current and enhanced performance.

关键词： small molecule dark current ultra-violet(UV)sensor device physics

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Broadband nonreciprocal thermal emissivity and absorptivity

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第9期13卷 1820-1827页

作者： Komron J.Shayegan Jae S.Hwang Bo Zhao Aaswath P.Raman Harry A.Atwater Thomas J.Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA Department of Electrical Engineering California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of CaliforniaLos AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of HoustonHoustonTXUSA

A body that violates Kirchhoff’s law of thermal radiation exhibits an inequality in its spectral directional absorptivity and *** such an inequality is of fundamental interest as well as a prerequisite for achieving thermodynamic limits in photonic energy conversion1 and radiative *** far,inequalities in the spectral directional emissivity and absorptivity have been limited to narrow spectral resonances3,or wavelengths well beyond the infrared *** the gap from basic demonstrations to practical applications requires control over a broad spectral range of the unequal spectral directional absorptivity and *** this work,we demonstrate broadband nonreciprocal thermal emissivity and absorptivity by measuring the thermal emissivity and absorptivity of gradient epsilon-near-zero InAs layers of subwavelength thicknesses(50 nm and 150 nm)with an external magnetic *** effect occurs in a spectral range(12.5–16μm)that overlaps with the infrared transparency window and is observed at moderate(1 T)magnetic fields.

关键词： field. reciprocal thermal

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Development of a novel energy efficient integrated system for concurrent waste water treatment, hydrogen production and carbon capture- A sustainable approach

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International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2025年 137卷 1223-1234页

作者： Khan, Osama Khan, Mohd Zaheen Habib, Irfan Parvez, Mohd Alhodaib, Aiyeshah Yahya, Zeinebou Tripathi, Manoj Department of Mechanical Engineering Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi110025 India Department of Mechanical Engineering Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Institute of Technology Uttarakhand Tanakpur262309 India Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi110025 India Department of Mechanical Engineering Al-Falah University Haryana Faridabad121004 India Department of Physics College of Science Qassim University Al-Qassim Buraidah51452 Saudi Arabia Department of Physics and Materials Science and Engineering Jaypee Institute of Information Technology Noida201309 India

Microbial Electrochemical Cells (MECs) technology offer a promising, integrated solution for wastewater treatment and hydrogen production. The present research aims to optimize the operation of a hybrid system for achieving high-efficiency wastewater treatment, carbon capture, and hydrogen production. Multi-criteria decision methods are used to identify optimal conditions for maximum performance. Wastewater Flow Rate (WFR), Energy Consumption (EC), Nanocomposites Concentration (NC), and Temperature (T) are chosen as input parameters. Utilizing the Entropy-TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method, the optimal outputs were determined for specific input settings. The proposed system exhibited optimal input settings at 1100 m³/day (WFR), 95 kW (EC), 34 mg/L (NC), and 36 °C (T). NC emerged as the most influential parameter, holding a significance weightage of 32%, followed closely by temperature. Under these optimized conditions, the system demonstrated exceptional performance, achieving a Wastewater Treatment Efficiency of 98.1%, Carbon Capture Efficiency of 97%, and a Hydrogen production flow rate of 17.76 m³/hr. This research lays a foundation for sustainable and versatile wastewater management practices, emphasizing the potential of MEC systems in contributing to cleaner and resource-efficient industrial ecosystems. © 2024 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC

关键词： Carbon capture and utilization

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Proofreading mechanism for colloidal self-assembly

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Physical Review Research 2024年第4期6卷 L042057-L042057页

作者： Qian-Ze Zhu Chrisy Xiyu Du Ella M. King Michael P. Brenner School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA Mechanical Engineering University of Hawai‘i at Mnoa Honolulu Hawaii 96822 USA Department of Physics Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA

Designing components that can robustly self-assemble into structures with biological complexity is a grand challenge for material science. Proofreading and error correction is required to improve assembly yield beyond equilibrium limits, using energy to avoid kinetic traps in the energy landscape. Here, we introduce an explicit two-staged proofreading scheme for patchy particle colloidal assemblies that substantially improves assembly yield and robustness. The first stage implements local rules whereby particles increase their binding strengths when they detect a local environment corresponding to a desired target. The second stage corrects remaining errors, adding a reverse pathway inspired by kinetic proofreading. The scheme shows significant yield improvements, eliminating kinetic traps, giving a much broader temperature range with high yield. Additionally, the scheme is robust against quenched disorder in the components. Our findings illuminate a pathway for advancing the programmable design of synthetic living materials, potentially fostering the synthesis of novel biological materials and functional behaviors.

关键词： Biomimetic & bio-inspired materials Self-assembly Living matter & active matter Patchy particles Deep learning Machine learning Molecular dynamics

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Hydrodynamics of molecular rotors in lipid membranes

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Physical Review Fluids 2025年第4期10卷 L041101-L041101页

作者： Vinny Chandran Suja Naomi Oppenheimer Howard A. Stone School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA School of Physics and Astronomy and the Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA

Molecular rotors form twisted conformations upon photoexcitation, with their fluorescence relaxation time serving as a measure of viscosity. They have been used to assess membrane viscosities but yield higher values compared to other methods. Here, we show that the rotor's relaxation time is influenced by a combination of membrane viscosity and interleaflet friction. We present a theory for the relaxation time and obtain a correction factor that accounts for the discrepancy. If the membrane's viscosity is known, molecular rotors may enable the extraction of the elusive interleaflet friction.

关键词： Viscosity

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Taguchi and ANN approaches for predicting the FSW parameters to analyse the mechanical properties

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Interactions 2024年第1期245卷 1-12页

作者： Manickam, Selvaraj Kavitha, N. Rao, N. Srinivasa Indira, K.P. Pydi, Hari Prasadarao Cheepurupalli, N. Rao Department of Automation and Robotics IMPACT College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Bangalore India Department of Physics NPR College of Engineering and Technology Tamilnadu Natham Dindigul624 401 India Department of Mechanical Engineering Shri Vishnu Engineering College for Women Bhimavaram India Department of Biomedical Engineering Saveetha School of Engineering SIMATS Chennai Kuthambakkam India Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering and Technology Bule Hora University Bule Hora Ethiopia Department of Mineral Processing and Metallurgical Engineering Faculty of Mines Aksum University Aksum Ethiopia

Taguchi design utilized to execute mathematical analysis to assess friction stir welding factors on the mechanical properties like ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and Hardness (BHN). Tool rotational speed (TO), pin depth of tool (PI) and welding speed (WE) were selected. The collected experimental data were used to train ANN model using the LM backpropagation algorithm, aiming to achieve accurate predictions of the maximize the mechanical properties. The optimized ANN was structured as a multilayer perceptron with a feed-forward architecture, consisting of 3 input nodes, 10 neurons in the hidden layer, and 2 output node (3-10-3 structure). The developed model accurately which predicted UTS and BHN values, with an overall R of 0.99335 which indicates a high level of accuracy. The optimal settings for UTS at the highest and lowest levels in Exp. No 8 and Exp. No 3 are identified as TO3-WE2-PI1(1600 rpm, 200 mm/min, and 0.3 mm) and TO1-WE3-PI3 (1200 rpm, 250 mm/min, and 0.9 mm). © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.

关键词： Aluminum alloys

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A Short Review on Concentrator Collectors by Incorporating the Impact of Material on The Attainment 1

A Short Review on Concentrator Collectors by Incorporating t...

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1st International Conference on Innovative Sustainable Technologies for Energy, Mechatronics and Smart Systems, ISTEMS 2024

作者： Singh, Gaurav Kumar, Sanjeev Kumari, Khushboo Singh, Desh Bandhu Raturi, Anuj Dobriyal, Ritvik School of Basic and Applied Science Galgotias University Physics Division Greater Noida India Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology Department of Applied Science and Humanities Greater Noida India Saraswati Institute of Engineering and Technology Departmenty of Mechanical Engineering Ghaziabad India Department of Mechanical Engineering Dehradun India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350384246

This article primarily focuses on advancements in the realm of solar concentrating collectors (SCCs) with an emphasis on improving heat transfer efficiency (HTE) through the integration of phase change materials (PCMs) and absorbing materials. Within this article, a comprehensive examination is undertaken to evaluate the impact of combining concentrating collectors with PCMs and reflectors to enhance HTE. Among the diverse geometries explored for this purpose, integrating SCCs with PCMs and reflectors stands out as an efficient and cost-effective design solution. PCMs, acting as thermal storage units, play a pivotal role in augmenting the efficiency of solar concentrating collectors. They effectively function as thermal batteries, contributing to increased performance. The incorporation of reflectors into solar water heaters (SWH) or solar air heaters (SAH) also proves to be instrumental in optimizing the capture of solar radiation. These reflectors redirect incident solar radiation onto the absorber plate, subsequently amplifying the quantity of absorbed solar energy. Within this article, the focus centers on the review of experimental studies concerning HTE in SCCs. The primary objective is to provide an overview of various investigations that have harnessed diverse PCMs and reflectors to enhance heat transfer processes. Ultimately, the aim is to propose an optimized configuration that delivers superior performance in the field of solar energy collection and utilization. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Phase change materials

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High-Quality van der Waals Epitaxial CsPbBr_(3)Film Grown on Monolayer Graphene Covered TiO_(2)for High-Performance Solar Cells

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第4期7卷 239-246页

作者： Zhaorui Wen Chao Liang Shengwen Li Gang Wang Bingchen He Hao Gu Junpeng Xie Hui Pan Zhenhuang Su Xingyu Gao Guo Hong Shi Chen Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering University of MacaoMacao 999078China MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsSchool of PhysicsXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201204China Department of Materials Science and Engineering&Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films City University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China

Two-dimensional materials have been widely used to tune the growth and energy-level alignment of ***,their incomplete passivation and chaotic usage amounts are not conducive to the preparation of highquality perovskite ***,we succeeded in obtaining higher-quality CsPbBr_(3)films by introducing large-area monolayer graphene as a stable physical overlay on top of TiO_(2)*** from the inert and atomic smooth graphene surface,the CsPbBr_(3)film grown on top by the van der Waal epitaxy has higher crystallinity,improved(100)orientation,and an average domain size of up to 1.22μ***,a strong downward band bending is observed at the graphene/perovskite interface,improving the electron extraction to the electron transport layers(ETL).As a result,perovskite film grown on graphene has lower photoluminescence(PL)intensity,shorter carrier lifetime,and fewer ***,a photovoltaic device based on epitaxy CsPbBr_(3)film is fabricated,exhibiting power conversion efficiency(PCE)of up to 10.64%and stability over 2000 h in the air.

关键词： all-inorganic perovskite solar cells buried interface modification monolayer graphene van der Waals epitaxial growth

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