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IEEE Conference Photovoltaic Specialists (PVSC)

作者： Hafiz K. M. Sheriff Yongxi Li Sammy Saad Stephen R. Forrest Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA Department of Electrical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA

ISBN: (数字)9781665464260

ISBN: (纸本)9781665475822

The commercial future of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) relies on their efficiency and reliability. Recent progress in the field has ensured the achievement of device efficiency comparable to those of commercial silicon-based photovoltaics (Si-PVs) [1]. In pursuit of reliable devices, recent works have demonstrated the intrinsic stability of both small-molecule, vacuum deposited [2] and non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) – polymer-based devices [3] under controlled laboratory conditions. The final step for outdoor deployment is therefore a demonstration of the reliability of large area OPV modules in the field, subjected to fluctuating environmental conditions such as humidity, temperature, rainfall, snow, and solar intensity. In this work, we develop a customized test facility intended for the study of the reliability of large area OPV modules deployed in outdoor environments. The facility is designed for automated in-situ measurements calibrated to 1 sun solar intensity, AM 1.5 G illumination. Initial data show the modules retain more than 95% of their initial performance for 150 h when exposed to varying solar intensities, temperature fluctuations of -2°C to 10°C, and relative humidity as high as 90%. The only significant extrinsic challenge to device stability observed was the ingress of water into the package. This is mitigated by improved packaging which utilizes polyisobutylene (PIB) encapsulation and a customized insulated glass unit (IGU).

关键词： Temperature measurement Temperature distribution Test facilities Rain Snow Humidity Solar panels Polymers Sun Thermal stability

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E3D: A Scaled-up Framework for Human Action Recognition

E3D: A Scaled-up Framework for Human Action Recognition

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Automation, Control and Robots (ICACR), International Conference on

作者： Tushar Singh Anunay Vayam Jain Anand Mohan Singh Nilesh Aggarwal Sarthak Singh Department of Electrical Engineering Delhi Technological University Delhi India Department of Mechanical Engineering Delhi Technological University Delhi India Department of Applied Physics Delhi Technological University Delhi India Department of Applied Mathematics Delhi Technological University Delhi India

The research represents an E3D architecture created by upscaling 2D EfficientNet architecture into a three-dimensional one. E3D is a simple yet productive network that utilises a custom and novel Depthwise 3D convolution layer on which the entire algorithm depends. A depthwise convolution layer is devised for simultaneously understanding the spatial and temporal information for a large-scale processed frame sequence dataset by leveraging and scaling EfficientNetB0. This homogeneous architecture summarises the 101 distinct actions from two publicly available action classification datasets, HMDB-51 and UCF-101. The manuscript further explains the functionality of E3D and how its trained features outshine the other state-of-the-art classification benchmark in terms of performance, efficiency and deployment characteristics by achieving 98.74% and 86.49% accuracy on the UCF-101 dataset and HMDB-51 dataset, respectively; with this, the proposed architecture is computationally cheaper than the other action recognition architectures.

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Mixing in chaotic flows with swimming bacteria

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Physical Review Fluids 2022年第11期7卷 110511-110511页

作者： Ranjiangshang Ran Quentin Brosseau Brendan C. Blackwell Boyang Qin Rebecca L. Winter Paulo E. Arratia Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA

This paper is associated with a poster winner of a 2021 American Physical Society's Division of Fluid Dynamics (DFD) Gallery of Fluid Motion Award for work presented at the DFD Gallery of Fluid Motion. The origina... 详细信息

关键词： Biological fluid dynamics Locomotion Active matter Complex fluids

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Electrochemical Studies on Chromium Doped Srtio3 for Supercapacitor Applications

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Sharma, Dushyant K. Sain, Sourav Maity, Gurupada Thomas, Arpit Kumar, Rakesh Dhar, Sankar Arora, Harpreet Singh Babu, Binson Roy, Susanta Sinha Department of Physics School of Natural Science Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence Uttar Pradesh 201314 India Department of Mechanical Engineering School of Engineering Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence Uttar Pradesh 201314 India Department of Pure and Applied Physics

Perovskite oxides have garnered significant attention as potential active materials for supercapacitor applications. Recently, metal-doped perovskite oxides have gained prominence due to their potential to provide a synergistic blend of electrical conductivity, substantial electrochemical active surface area, and robust electrochemical activity. In this study, we systematically investigate the electrochemical properties of strontium titanate oxide (STO) and chromium-doped strontium titanate oxide (Cr-STO), synthesized via the solid-state reaction method. Various material characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), are employed to examine the crystal structure, morphology, and chemical composition of these samples. Notably, Cr-STO demonstrates an approximately twentyfold increase in electrochemical surface area compared to pristine STO, resulting in enhanced anion storage capabilities when employed in alkaline 3 M KOH aqueous electrolytes. Detailed electrochemical kinetic studies reveal an augmented pseudocapacitive behavior in Cr-STO, with a more pronounced diffusive nature compared to pristine STO. Furthermore, symmetric supercapacitors fabricated with Cr-STO electrodes exhibit excellent electrochemical performance, maintaining over 93% of their initial capacity after 10,000 charge-discharge cycles at a current density of 1 A g-1. These findings highlight the significant potential of chromium-doped strontium titanate oxide as a valuable contribution to the ongoing pursuit of novel material for supercapacitors. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Perovskite

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Multi-objective parametrization of interatomic potentials for large deformation pathways and fracture of two-dimensional materials

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 1042-1052页

作者： Xu Zhang Hoang Nguyen Jeffrey T.Paci Subramanian K.R.S.Sankaranarayanan Jose L.Mendoza-Cortes Horacio D.Espinosa Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Program Northwestern UniversityEvanstonILUSA Department of Chemistry University of VictoriaVictoriaBCCanada Center for Nanoscale Materials Argonne National LaboratoryLemontILUSA Department of Chemical Engineering&Materials Science Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA Department of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonILUSA

This investigation presents a generally applicable framework for parameterizing interatomic potentials to accurately capture large deformation *** incorporates a multi-objective genetic algorithm,training and screening property sets,and correlation and principal component *** framework enables iterative definition of properties in the training and screening sets,guided by correlation relationships between properties,aiming to achieve optimal parametrizations for properties of ***,the performance of increasingly complex potentials,Buckingham,Stillinger-Weber,Tersoff,and modified reactive empirical bond-order potentials are *** MoSe_(2)as a case study,we demonstrate good reproducibility of training/screening properties and superior *** MoSe_(2),the best performance is achieved using the Tersoff potential,which is ascribed to its apparent higher flexibility embedded in its functional *** results should facilitate the selection and parametrization of interatomic potentials for exploring mechanical and phononic properties of a large library of two-dimensional and bulk materials.

关键词： materials apparent enable

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Optimization of array encoding for ultrasound imaging

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Spainhour, Jacob Smart, Korben Becker, Stephen Bottenus, Nick Department of Applied Mathematics University of Colorado Boulder United States Department of Physics University of Colorado Boulder United States Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Colorado Boulder United States

Objective: The transmit encoding model for synthetic aperture imaging is a robust and flexible framework for understanding the effects of acoustic transmission on ultrasound image reconstruction. Our objective is to use machine learning (ML) to construct scanning sequences, parameterized by time delays and apodization weights, that produce high-quality B-mode images. Approach: We use a custom ML model in PyTorch with simulated RF data from Field II to probe the space of possible encoding sequences for those that minimize a loss function that describes image quality. This approach is made computationally feasible by a novel formulation of the derivative for delay-and-sum beamforming. Main Results: When trained for a specified experimental setting (imaging domain, hardware restrictions, etc.), our ML model produces optimized encoding sequences that, when deployed in the REFoCUS imaging framework, improve a number of standard quality metrics over conventional sequences including resolution, field of view, and contrast. We demonstrate these results experimentally on both wire targets and a tissue-mimicking phantom. Significance: This work demonstrates that the set of commonly used encoding schemes represent only a narrow subset of those available. Additionally, it demonstrates the value for ML tasks in synthetic transmit aperture imaging to consider the beamformer within the model, instead of purely as a post-processing step. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Machine learning

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Spatio-temporal characterization of nonlinear forcing and response in turbulent channel flow

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Huang, Yuting Toedtli, Simon S. Chini, Gregory P. McKeon, Beverley J. Mechanical and Civil Engineering California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States National Center for Atmospheric Research BoulderCO80301 United States Program in Integrated Applied Mathematics Department of Mechanical Engineering University of New Hampshire DurhamNH03824 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Center for Turbulence Research Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States

The quadratic convection term in the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations is considered as a nonlinear forcing to the linear resolvent operator, and it is studied in the Fourier domain through the analysis of interactions between triadically compatible wavenumber-frequency triplets. A framework to quantify the triadic contributions to the forcing and response by each pair of triplets is developed and applied to data from direct numerical simulations of a turbulent channel at Reι ≈ 550. The linear resolvent operator is incorporated to provide the missing link from energy transfer between modes to the effect on the spectral turbulent kinetic energy. The coefficients highlight the importance of interactions involving large-scale structures, providing a natural connection to the modeling assumptions in quasi-linear (QL) and generalized quasi-linear (GQL) analyses. Specifically, it is revealed that the QL and GQL reductions efficiently capture important triadic interactions in the flow, especially when including of a small number of wavenumbers into the GQL large-scale base flow. Additionally, spatio-temporal analyses of the triadic contributions to a single mode representative of the near-wall cycle demonstrate the spatio-temporal nature of the triadic interactions and the effect of the resolvent operator, which selectively amplifies certain forcing profiles. The tools presented are expected to be useful for improving modeling of the nonlinearity, especially in QL, GQL, and resolvent analyses, and understanding the amplitude modulation mechanism relating large-scale fluctuations to the modulation of near-wall structures. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Navier Stokes equations

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3D Magnetization Reconstruction for Lorentz Microscopy using Differential programming

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Microscopy and microanalysis : the official journal of Microscopy Society of America, Microbeam Analysis Society, Microscopical Society of Canada 2023年第1期29卷 1756-1757页

作者： McCray, Arthur R C Cherukara, Mathew Petford-Long, Amanda K. Phatak, Charudatta Materials Science Division Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL United States Applied Physics Program Northwestern University Evanston IL United States Advanced Photon Source Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL United States

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Commercial Versus Natural Activated Carbon Fabricated Sheets: applied to Dyes Removal Application

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Macromolecular Symposia 2024年第2期413卷 2300046-2300046页

作者： Alrefaey, Khlood A. Mohamed, Nora Husien, Sh. Fahim, Irene Samy Said, Lobna A. Radwan, Ahmed G. School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nile University Giza12613 Egypt Industrial Engineering program SESC Research Center Nile University Giza12613 Egypt Nile University Giza12613 Egypt Engineering Mathematics and Physics Department Faculty of Engineering Cairo University Giza12613 Egypt

Industrial dyes are considered one of the main causes of increased water pollution of water. Many businesses, such as steel and paper, are located along riverbanks because they require large amounts of water in their manufacturing processes, and their wastes, which contain acids, alkalis, dyes, and other chemicals, are dumped and poured into rivers as effluents. For example, chemical enterprises producing aluminum emit a significant quantity of fluoride into the air and effluents into water bodies. Fertilizer facilities produce a lot of ammonia, whereas steel plants produce cyanide. Many nations consider employing wastewater treatment plants using physical, biological, and chemical methods to clean the wastewater to address environmental crises. The treated water can be used for targeting the irrigation systems in its majority, as it is biologically acceptable for that specific use, industrial dyes are considered one of the leading causes of increased water pollution of water. Many businesses, such as steel and paper, are located along riverbanks because they require large amounts of water in their manufacturing processes, and their wastes, which contain acids, alkalis, dyes, and other chemicals, are dumped and poured into rivers as effluents. For example, chemical enterprises producing aluminum emit a significant quantity of fluoride into the air and effluents into water bodies. Fertilizer facilities produce much ammonia, whereas steel plants produce cyanide. Chromium salts are used in. Many nations consider employing wastewater treatment plants using physical, biological, and chemical methods to clean the wastewater to address environmental crises. The treated water can target the majority of irrigation systems, as it is biologically acceptable for that specific use, which economizes the use of freshwater sources for municipal use. This study presents a novel method for fabricating an efficient adsorbent sheet for wastewater treatment. The sheets are fabricated by

关键词： Activated carbon

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Annular Dark Field Imaging with Variable Angle for Improving STEM Tomography of Biological Samples

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Microscopy and microanalysis : the official journal of Microscopy Society of America, Microbeam Analysis Society, Microscopical Society of Canada 2023年第1期29卷 945-947页

作者： Li, Wing Shun Roth, Eric Bleher, Reiner Backman, Vadim Dravid, Vinayak P. Applied Physics Program Northwestern University Evanston IL United States Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL United States Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental (NUANCE) Center Northwestern University Evanston IL United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL United States International Institute of Nanotechnology Northwestern University Evanston IL United States

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