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Bone Marrow Angiogenesis: Angiogenesis in Liquid Tumors: An In Vitro Assay for Leukemic Cell Induced Bone Marrow Angiogenesis (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 9/2016)

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Advanced Healthcare Materials 2016年第9期5卷

作者： Yi Zheng Yubing Sun Xinwei Yu Yue Shao Ping Zhang Guohao Dai Jianping Fu Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA Department of Applied Physics University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei 230026 P. R. China Department of Biomedical Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY 12180 USA Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY 12180 USA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA Department of Cell and Developmental Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA

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Transverse magnetic emissions of GaAs unstrained quantum-well microcavity lasers

Transverse magnetic emissions of GaAs unstrained quantum-wel...

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International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks

作者： Takehiro Fukushima Susumu Shinohara Satoshi Sunada Takahisa Harayama Koichiro Sakaguchi Yasunori Tokuda Department of Information and Communication Engineering Okayama Prefectural University Soja Japan NTT Communication Science Laboratories NTT Corporation Soraku-gun Kyoto Japan Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa Japan Department of Applied Physics Waseda University Shinjuku-ku Tokyo Japan

We investigated the polarization characteristics of emissions from two-dimensional microcavity laser diodes. For an unstrained single-quantum-well active layer structure, an argument based on the interband optical transition usually leads to the lasing of transverse electric (TE) rather than transverse magnetic (TM) modes. Indeed, we observed TE-polarized emissions for the excitation of modes quantized along a one-dimensional (Fabry-Perot) orbit. However, when selectively pumping modes quantized along a diamond-shaped ray orbit, we observed TM-polarized emissions. These unusual TM-polarized emissions can be explained by the fact that the incident angles of the diamond-shaped orbit are very close to the Brewster angle, making corresponding TE modes too leaky to be excited. This mode-dependent polarization leads us to propose a microcavity laser diode with the function of polarization switching.

关键词： Cavity resonators Diode lasers Mirrors Microcavities Orbits Switches

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Growth, structure, and electronic properties of nonpolar thin films on a polar substrate: Cr2O3 on ZnO (0001) and ZnO (0001¯)

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Physical Review B 2015年第16期92卷 165414-165414页

作者： X. Zhu M. D. Morales-Acosta J. Shen F. J. Walker J. J. Cha E. I. Altman Center for Research on Interface Structures and Phenomena (CRISP) Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Department of Applied Physics Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA

The growth and geometric and electronic structures of Cr2O3 layers on the polar ZnO surfaces were characterized to determine how polar substrates can influence the properties of nonpolar films. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), reflection high energy electron diffraction, low energy electron diffraction, x-ray diffraction (XRD), and x-ray reflectivity (XRR) were employed to characterize the growth mode, film quality, and interfacial electronic properties. Chromium oxide growth on ZnO (0001¯) and (0001) followed the same trends: two-dimensional growth with initial disorder followed by the formation of epitaxial Cr2O3 (0001). Despite the initial disorder, HRTEM and XRD/XRR measurements on thicker films revealed an abrupt interface with the Cr2O3 lattice extending all the way to the interface. This indicates that above a critical thickness of 10–15 Cr−O3−Cr repeat units, the entire film reorganizes into an ordered structure. It is postulated that the oxygen remained ordered throughout the growth but that the chromium initially filled interstices randomly in the oxygen sublattice, which allowed the film to eventually grow with a well-defined epitaxial relationship with the substrate. The polar interfaces showed a small band offset that decayed with increasing film thickness, suggesting that the compensating charges at the interface may partially migrate to the film surface. No evidence of formal changes in the Cr oxidation state at the interfaces was seen. On the other hand, statistical analyses of UPS valence band spectra revealed an enhanced density of states near the valence band edge for Cr2O3 on ZnO (0001), consistent with stabilization of the positive interface by filling surface electronic states. In contrast, no significant valence band differences were observed between bulk Cr2O3 and thin Cr2O3 layers on ZnO (0001¯), suggesting a different charge compensation

关键词： CRYSTAL growth CRYSTAL structure ELECTRONIC structure THIN films CHROMIUM oxide ZINC oxide

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ITAG: An eco-sensor for fine-scale behavioral measurements of soft-bodied marine invertebrates

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Animal Biotelemetry 2015年第1期3卷 1-14页

作者： Mooney, T. Aran Katija, Kakani Shorter, K. Alex Hurst, Thomas Fontes, Jorge Afonso, Pedro Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Biology Department Woods Hole 02543 MA United States Stanford University Hopkins Marine Station Pacific Grove 93940 CA United States University of Michigan Department of Mechanical Engineering Ann Arbor 48109 MI United States Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering Woods Hole 02543 MA United States Universidade dos Açores Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre Horta Azores 9901-862 Portugal Universidade dos Açores Institute of Marine Research Horta 9901-862 Portugal Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institution Moss Landing 95039 CA United States

Background: Soft-bodied marine invertebrates comprise a keystone component of ocean ecosystems;however, we know little of their behaviors and physiological responses within their natural habitat. Quantifying ocean conditions and measuring organismal responses to the physical environment is vital to understanding the species or ecosystem-level influences of a changing ocean. Results: Here we describe a novel, soft-bodied invertebrate eco-sensor tag (the ITAG), its trial attachments to squid and jellyfish, and the fine-scale behavioral measurements recorded on captive animals. Tags were deployed on five jellyfish (Aurelia aurita) and eight squid (Loligo forbesi) in laboratory conditions for up to 24h. Using concurrent video and tag data, movement signatures for specific behaviors were identified. These behaviors included straight swimming (for jellyfish), and finning, jetting, direction reversal and turning (for squid). Overall activity levels were quantified using the root-mean-squared magnitude of acceleration, and finning was found to be the dominant squid swimming gait during captive squid experiments. External light sensors on the ITAG were used to compare squid swimming activity relative to ambient light across a ca. 20-h trial. The deployments revealed that while swimming was continuous for captive squid, energetically costly swimming behaviors (i.e., jetting and rapid direction reversals) occurred infrequently. These data reflect the usefulness of the ITAG to study trade-offs between behavior and energy expenditure in captive and wild animals. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that eco-sensors with sufficiently high sampling rates can be applied to quantify behavior of soft-bodied taxa and changes in behavior due to interactions with the surrounding environment. The methods and tool described here open the door for substantial lab and field-based measurements of fine-scale behavior, physiology, and concurrent environmental parameters that will inform fisheri

关键词： Activity pattern Cephalopod Climate High-temporal resolution Jellyfish Range expansion Sensory

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Human reliability in spacecraft development: Assessing and mitigating human error in electronics assembly 12

Human reliability in spacecraft development: Assessing and m...

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12th International Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management Conference, PSAM 2014

作者： Ndu, Obibobi K. Vaughn-Cooke, Monifa Space Mission Assurance Group Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory LaurelMD United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Reliability Engineering Program University of Maryland College ParkMD United States

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Ignition in ethanol-containing mixtures after nanosecond discharge above self-ignition threshold 52

Ignition in ethanol-containing mixtures after nanosecond dis...

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52nd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting - AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition, SciTech 2014

作者： Kosarev, Ilya N. Kindysheva, Svetlana V. Aleksandrov, Nikolay L. Starikovskiy, Andrey Yu MIPT Dolgoprudny Department of Molecular Physics Department of Applied Physics Moscow region 141700 Russia Princeton University Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department Princeton NJ 08544 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781624102561

We study experimentally and numerically the kinetics of ignition in lean and stoichiometric C2H5OH:O2:Ar mixtures after a high-voltage nanosecond discharge. Generation of the discharge plasma is shown to lead to a significant decrease in ignition delay time. Discharge processes followed by chain chemical reactions with energy release are simulated during ignition in the C2H5OH:O2:Ar mixtures. The generation of atoms, radicals and excited and charged particles in the discharge phase are numerically simulated. The calculations are based on the measured time-resolved discharge current and electric field. The calculated densities of the active particles produced in the discharge on a nanosecond time scale are employed as input data to simulate plasma-assisted ignition on a microsecond scale. The calculated ignition delay times are compared with the experimental data. It is shown that the effect of the discharge plasma on ignition of the ethanol-containing mixtures is associated with active species production in the discharge phase rather than with gas heating during the discharge and in its afterglow. The sensitivity analysis is made to determine limiting reactions in ethanol autoignition and ignition after the discharge under the conditions studied. A method is suggested to compare the effect of nonequilibrium pulse discharge plasma on ignition in different fuel-air and fuel-oxygen mixtures above selfignition temperatures. It is shown that, in all mixtures under consideration, this effect is more profound at lower gas temperatures when the thermal production of initial radicals is less efficient. Due to O2 dissociation in the discharge phase, the influence of nonequilibrium discharge plasma on ignition is more pronounced for fuels (i) with low reactivity in respect to O2 (like H2 and CH4), (ii) with low rate of thermal dissociation and (iii) with high initial mole fraction in the mixture. The role of N2 in favouring plasma-assisted ignition owing to additional fuel and

关键词： Ignition

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Translation between existing impact sound insulation descriptors, based on a large set of in situ measurements

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Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics 2016年第1期28卷

作者： María Machimbarrena Lara Del Val Marta Herráez Carolina Monteiro Reine Johansson 1Applied Physics Department Architecture School University of Valladolid Spain mariao@opt.uva.es carolarqurb@*** 2Mechanical Engineering Department Industrial Engineering School University of Valladolid Spain lvalpue@eii.uva.es herraez@eii.uva.es 3INTECO - International Technology Consulting Uddevalla Sweden reine.johansson@inteco.se

The need for revision and harmonization of sound insulation descriptors is generally accepted among most building acoustics specialists. Undoubtedly, if all countries used the same descriptors, it would be a great advantage to all the sectors related to the building construction industry, legislators and final users. Concerning sound insulation regulations, the most common impact sound insulation descriptors used are L’nT,w and L’n,w. In some countries, the spectral adaptation term CI is also considered, including different frequency ranges, which widens the choices for impact sound insulation descriptors used in regulations. The purpose of this paper is to determine, based on a large set of in situ measurements, how existing impact sound insulation descriptors relate to new proposed ones, in order to be able to make empirical translations of descriptors. The effect of the spectral adaptation term CI and the effect of the building system (heavyweight/lightweight floors) are also analyzed. Based on the translation equations found, one of the main conclusions is that heavy and light floors yield different empirical translation equations and that it would not be correct to use the same translation equation for all types of floors.

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Corrections to "Performance Analysis and Optimal Design of Multichannel Equalizer for Underwater Acoustic Communications" [IEEE J. Ocean. Eng., vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 759–774, Oct. 2015, DOI: 10.1109/JOE.2015.2469935]

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IEEE Journal of Oceanic engineering 2016年第4期41卷 1079-1079页

作者： Milutin Pajovic James C. Preisig Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program Cambridge/Woods Hole MA USA Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories Cambridge MA USA Department of Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole MA USA JPAnalytics LLC Falmouth MA USA

Corrections are made to Equation 7 of the above-named work [ibid., vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 759–774, Oct. 2015].

关键词： Performance analysis Adaptive equalizers Underwater acoustics Mean square error methods Underwater communication Multipath channels

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Experimental realization of crossover in shape and director field of nematic tactoids

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Physical Review E 2015年第4期91卷 042507-042507页

作者： Vida Jamali Natnael Behabtu Bohdan Senyuk J. Alex Lee Ivan I. Smalyukh Paul van der Schoot Matteo Pasquali Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA Department of Physics University of Colorado at Boulder Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program and Liquid Crystals Materials Research Center University of Colorado at Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute National Renewable Energy Laboratory and University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Polymer Physics Group for Theory of Polymers and Soft Matter Group Department of Applied Physics Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands Institute for Theoretical Physics Utrecht University Leuvenlaan 4 3584 CE Utrecht The Netherlands Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA

Spindle-shaped nematic droplets (tactoids) form in solutions of rod-like molecules at the onset of the liquid crystalline phase. Their unique shape and internal structure result from the interplay of the elastic deformation of the nematic and anisotropic surface forces. The balance of these forces dictates that tactoids must display a continuous variation in aspect ratio and director-field configuration. Yet, such continuous transition has eluded observation for decades: tactoids have displayed either a bipolar configuration with particles aligned parallel to the droplet interface or a homogeneous configuration with particles aligned parallel to the long axis of the tactoid. Here, we report the first observation of the continuous transition in shape and director-field configuration of tactoids in true solutions of carbon nanotubes in chlorosulfonic acid. This observation is possible because the exceptional length of carbon nanotubes shifts the transition to a size range that can be visualized by optical microscopy. Polarization micrographs yield the interfacial and elastic properties of the system. Absorbance anisotropy measurements provide the highest nematic order parameter (S=0.79) measured to date for a nematic phase of carbon nanotubes at coexistence with its isotropic phase.

关键词： NEMATIC liquid crystals RESEARCH CARBON nanotubes ABSORBANCE (Light) CHLOROSULFONIC acid OPTICAL microscopes ELASTICITY

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Non-linear model reduction method applied to viscoelastically damped sandwich structures

Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering

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Lecture Notes in mechanical engineering 2015年 789卷 553-562页

作者： Zghal, Souhir Bouazizi, Mohamed-Lamjed Bouhaddi, Noureddine Nasri, Rachid National School of Engineers of Tunis Applied Mechanics and Engineering Laboratory University of Tunis El Manar BP 37 Belvédère Tunis1002 Tunisia Research Unit of Structural Dynamics Modeling and Engineering of Muli-Physics Systems Carthage University M’rezga IPEI Nabeul8000 Tunisia Mechanical Department College of Engineering Salman Bin Abdulaziz University KSA Saudi Arabia FEMTO-ST Institute UMR 6174 Department of Applied Mechanics University of Franche-Comté 24 Chemin de L’Epitaphe Besançon25000 France

The aim of this paper is to present an efficient non-linear model reduction method intended to temporal dynamic analysis of viscoelastic sandwich structures. The proposed non-linear model reduction method is based on the combination of modal synthesis method, as well known, substructuring technique and Guyan reduction method. Each substructure is analyzed and reduced separately as a linear finite element model. The viscoelastic behavior of the core, which depends on frequency, is represented by Golla-Hughes-Mc Tavish (GHM) model. This model allows a correct representation of viscoelastic materials characteristics through the addition of dissipative coordinates. Once obtained, the reduced models of each substructure are assembled taking into account the local nonlinearities in the junctions leading to perform the capacity of the proposed method to reproduce the original model with accuracy and (CPU) time gain. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the ability of the proposed non-linear model reduction method to handle both viscoelasticity and large finite elements models. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.

关键词： Viscoelasticity

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