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Physical Review Letters 2012年第19期108卷 198304-198304页

作者： Carolyn L. Phillips Joshua A. Anderson Greg Huber Sharon C. Glotzer Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 USA Department of Chemical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 USA Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington Connecticut 06032 USA Department of Cell Biology University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington Connecticut 06032 USA Department of Mathematics University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut 06032 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 USA

We present filling as a type of spatial subdivision problem similar to covering and packing. Filling addresses the optimal placement of overlapping objects lying entirely inside an arbitrary shape so as to cover the most interior volume. In n-dimensional space, if the objects are polydisperse n-balls, we show that solutions correspond to sets of maximal n-balls. For polygons, we provide a heuristic for finding solutions of maximal disks. We consider the properties of ideal distributions of N disks as N→∞. We note an analogy with energy landscapes.

关键词： SHAPES FORCE & energy COMBINATORIAL packing & covering ANALOGY HEURISTIC THEORY of distributions (Functional analysis)

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Engineered Bone-Inspired Multicomponent Bionanocomposite Scaffolds with Tunable Hardness and Modulus

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MRS Online Proceedings Library 2012年第1期1465卷 1-6页

作者： Labriola, Matthew Slaboch, Constance Ovaert, Timothy C. Wang, Tao Csaba, George Bayer, Ilker S. Dervishi, Enkeleda Biris, Alexandru S. Ghosh, Anindya Gupta, Rajeev Biswas, Abhijit Center for Nano Science and Technology (NDnano) Department of Electrical Engineering University of Notre Dame U.S.A. Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering University of Notre Dame USA Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies Smart Materials Platform Italian Institute of Technology Lecce Italy Nanotechnology Center Applied Science Department University of Arkansas Little Rock U.S.A. Department of Chemistry University of Arkansas Little Rock USA Department of Physics University of Petroleum and Energy Studies Dehradun India

We show a novel, bioengineered, moldable platform for bone regeneration composed of porous bionanocomposite scaffolds made of components that are normally found in bone tissue (calcium, collagen, carbonate, sodium, and phosphorous). To accommodate high- or low-stress environments, the hardness and modulus (stiffness) of these scaffolds can be tuned in a wide range in Megapascal (MPa) to Gigapascal (GPa) regions, while maintaining the required viscoelasticity. Our approach to control the mechanical properties is based on a new formulation of mineralized bioscaffolds by incorporation of calcium carbonate in which, calcium and phosphorous are in the form of calcite, calcium polyphosphate (CPP) and hydroxyapatite (HAP). The variation in the calcium carbonate concentration allows tuning of calcite/CPP contents in the bioscaffold to tailor the degree of mineralization and mechanical and viscoelastic properties that closely match those of natural bone. Our results demonstrate an ideal framework for new bone scaffold designs for advanced bone substitute applications.

关键词： biomimetic (assembly) biomaterial biomedical

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Development of efficient broadband green light source by tandem quasi-phase-matched structure

Development of efficient broadband green light source by tan...

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Nan Ei Yu Ju Won Choi Heejong Kang Do-Kyeong Ko C.-M. Ho S.-H. Fu C.-W. Hsu C.-Y. Chu C.-L. Chen W.-S. Wang L.-H. Peng A.-H. Kung Hee Joo Choi Byoung Joo Kim Myoungsik Cha Advanced Photonics Research Institute Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology Gwangju South Korea Graduate program of Photonics and Applied Physics Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology Gwangju South Korea Advanced Photonics Research Institute Graduate program of Photonics and Applied Physics Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology Gwangju South Korea Deparrtment of Electrical Engineering and Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Institute of Photonics Technologies National Tsinghua University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Physics Pusan National University Busan South Korea

Broadband green light source using a 5.5-mm-long tandem PPLN was demonstrated. The measured wavelength and temperature bandwidth were 13nm and 100°C, respectively, which had 34.2 times broader spectral bandwidth ... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781557529435

关键词： Bandwidth Temperature measurement Measurement by laser beam Light sources Crystals Laser excitation Wavelength measurement

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Niobium thin film deposition studies on copper surfaces for superconducting radio frequency cavity applications

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Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams 2012年第6期15卷 062002-062002页

作者： W. M. Roach D. B. Beringer J. R. Skuza W. A. Oliver C. Clavero C. E. Reece R. A. Lukaszew Department of Applied Science The College of William and Mary Williamsburg Virginia 23187 USA Department of Physics The College of William and Mary Williamsburg Virginia 23187 USA National Institute of Aerospace Hampton Virginia 23666 USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia 23284 USA Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Newport News Virginia 23606 USA

Thin film coatings have the potential to increase both the thermal efficiency and accelerating gradient in superconducting radio frequency accelerator cavities. However, before this potential can be realized, systematic studies on structure-property correlations in these thin films need to be carried out since the reduced geometry, combined with specific growth parameters, can modify the physical properties of the materials when compared to their bulk form. Here, we present our systematic studies of Nb thin films deposited onto Cu surfaces to clarify possible reasons for the limited success that this process exhibited in previous attempts. We compare these films with Nb grown on other surfaces. In particular, we study the crystal structure and surface morphology and their effect on superconducting properties, such as critical temperature and lower critical field. We found that higher deposition temperature leads to a sharper critical temperature transition, but also to increased roughness indicating that there are competing mechanisms that must be considered for further optimization.

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Surface plasmon-enhanced terahertz emission from single layer graphene

Surface plasmon-enhanced terahertz emission from single laye...

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International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves

作者： Young-Mi Bahk Gopakumar Ramakrishnan Jong Ho Choi Hyeong-Ryeol Park Tae June Kang Yong Hyup Kim Kwnag Jun Ahn Paul C. M. Planken Dai-Sik Kim Center for Subwavelength Optics and Department of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National University Seoul South Korea Optics Research Group Department of Imaging Science and Technology Faculty of Applied Sciences Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Seoul National University Seoul South Korea

Emission of terahertz radiation is observed when a single layer graphene on a glass slide is excited with femtosecond near-infrared laser pulses. Furthermore, we can enhance the amplitude of terahertz emission by surf... 详细信息

关键词： Films Gold Laser excitation Nonlinear optics Ultrafast optics Plasmons

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Applying the principles of Six Sigma to environmental management systems

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International Journal of applied Decision Sciences 2012年第3期5卷 215-232页

作者： Jami, Anahita A.N. Searcy, Cory Jenab, Kouroush Environmental Applied Science and Management Program Ryerson University 350 Victoria Street Toronto M5B 2K3 Canada Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Ryerson University 350 Victoria Street Toronto M5B 2K3 Canada Society of Reliability Engineering-Ottawa 812-761 Bay Street Toronto ON Canada

The purpose of this paper is to explore the potential benefits of applying the key principles of Six Sigma to environmental management systems (EMSs). A conceptual framework for the application of Six Sigma to EMSs was developed. The application of the conceptual framework is demonstrated in a case study focused on a major Middle Eastern manufacturing company. The case study showed that there were numerous benefits to applying the principles of Six Sigma to EMSs. An approach based on the conceptual framework was successful in reducing thinner consumption in the case company's paint-mixing room by 37%. Other benefits included cost reductions, less waste to the landfill, decreased amount of waste water, reduction of emissions, reduction of energy consumption and safety improvements. It is anticipated that the results will be of interest to practitioners and researchers in quality and environmental management. Copyright © 2012 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Energy utilization

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Application of carbon nanotubes to wound healing biotechnology

Application of carbon nanotubes to wound healing biotechnolo...

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作者： Simmons, Trevor J. Rivet, Christopher J. Singh, Gurtej Beaudet, Julie Sterner, Eric Guzman, Daniela Hashim, Daniel P. Lee, Sang-Hyun Qian, Guoguang Lewis, Kim M. Karande, Pankaj Ajayan, Pulickel M. Gilbert, Ryan J. Dordick, Jonathan S. Linhardt, Robert J. Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY 12180 United States Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY 12180 United States Rensselaer Nanotechnology Center Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY 12180 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY 12180 United States Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY 12180 United States Department of Physics Applied Physics and Astronomy Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY 12180 United States Department of Biology Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY 12180 United States Coordinatión para la Innovatión y Aplicación de la Ciencia y Tecnología Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí SLP México 78000 Mexico Departamento de Estomatología Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí SLP México 78000 Mexico Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Rice University Houston TX 77005 United States Department of Microbial Engineering Konkuk University Seoul 143-701 Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9780841227187

Carbon nanotubes have remained at the center of nanotechnology research for the past two decades, and have been increasingly present in the areas of biology and biotechnology. While questions still remain about the toxicity of these materials, there is great interest in exploiting their unique properties to create innovative biotechnology applications. The application of carbon nanotubes to wound healing offers the possibility of dressings with enhanced functionality, controlled delivery of antiseptics, and real-time monitoring of healing events. By briefly examining the development of wound healing biotechnology, a context for the use of carbon nanotubes in modern medical practices can be established. Several applications have been evaluated by preliminary studies herein to provide a proof-of-concept demonstration of the potential of carbon nanotubes to be incorporated into wound healing biotechnology. © 2012 American Chemical Society.

关键词： Carbon nanotubes

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A tight-binding for calculating the raman spectra and the hartree-fock method treatment for ¹³C NMR spectra of fullerenes C₆₀Br₆

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Journal of Nanotechnology in engineering and Medicine 2011年第1期2卷 1-8页

作者： Nizam, Rashid Rizvi, S. Mahdi A. Azam, Ameer Department of Applied Physics Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India Department of Mechanical Engineering Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India

The structural Raman spectra and NMR of the fullerene derivative (C60Br6) were simulated at room temperature from the tight-binding method and the first-principles calculations, respectively. The calculated Raman spec... 详细信息

The structural Raman spectra and NMR of the fullerene derivative (C₆₀Br₆) were simulated at room temperature from the tight-binding method and the first-principles calculations, respectively. The calculated Raman spectra results are compared with available experimental fullerene derivative (C₆₀Br₆) data. The simulated Raman spectrum of C₆₀Br₆ obtained almost all frequencies that are observed in experimental data;besides, some other frequencies are also obtained, which are not observed in the experimental data. In addition to these frequencies, further simulation to give P-polarization and U-polarization more accuracy and the polarization of experimental sample acquired become a complicated task. Besides the spectroscopic characterization of fullerene derivative (C₆₀Br₆), it also includes the prediction of ¹³C NMR fullerene derivative (C₆₀Br₆). © 2011 by ASME.

关键词： Raman spectra ab initio calculations Spectra (Spectroscopy) density functional theory Nuclear magnetic resonance fullerene compounds Polarization (Light) tight-binding calculations Tight-binding model Fullerenes HF calculations nuclear magnetic resonance Tensors

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A theoretical structure study infrared spectra of C₆₀O isomers through ab initio method

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Journal of Nanotechnology in engineering and Medicine 2011年第1期2卷 1-7页

作者： Nizam, Rashid Azam, Ameer Department of Applied Physics Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India Department of Mechanical Engineering Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India

The infrared spectra of C60O isomers have been calculated through ab initio method. It has been observed that the simulated spectrum of one of C60O isomers is matching with the available experimental data in literatur... 详细信息

The infrared spectra of C₆₀O isomers have been calculated through ab initio method. It has been observed that the simulated spectrum of one of C₆₀O isomers is matching with the available experimental data in literature, while the other isomers are not matching so much. One can easily understand the basic physical properties of C₆₀O by knowing of their vibration and geometric structures with their interrelation between these properties. It is found that the isomeric structures of C₆₀O are very sensitive to electron correlation treatment with basis set that are employed. So the structure of C₆₀O will not calculate from semi-empirical methods such as modified neglect of differential overlap (MNDO) or AM1 for more accuracy. The simulated spectra show different bands that rarely found all bands simultaneously in single experiment. © 2011 by ASME.

关键词： ab initio calculations band structure fullerenes Infrared spectra Fullerenes Atoms Electron configuration Vibration infrared spectra

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Current-Induced Membrane Discharge

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Physical Review Letters 2012年第10期109卷 108301-108301页

作者： M. B. Andersen M. van Soestbergen A. Mani H. Bruus P. M. Biesheuvel M. Z. Bazant Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology Technical University of Denmark DTU Nanotech Building 345 East DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark Wetsus Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology Agora 1 8934 CJ Leeuwarden The Netherlands Department of Applied Physics Eindhoven University of Technology Den Dolech 2 5612 AZ Eindhoven The Netherlands Department of Mechanical Engineering Stanford University Stanford California 94305 USA Department of Environmental Technology Wageningen University Bornse Weilanden 9 6708 WG Wageningen The Netherlands Departments of Chemical Engineering and Mathematics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA

Possible mechanisms for overlimiting current (OLC) through aqueous ion-exchange membranes (exceeding diffusion limitation) have been debated for half a century. Flows consistent with electro-osmotic instability have recently been observed in microfluidic experiments, but the existing theory neglects chemical effects and remains to be quantitatively tested. Here, we show that charge regulation and water self-ionization can lead to OLC by “current-induced membrane discharge” (CIMD), even in the absence of fluid flow, in ion-exchange membranes much thicker than the local Debye screening length. Salt depletion leads to a large electric field resulting in a local pH shift within the membrane with the effect that the membrane discharges and loses its ion selectivity. Since salt co-ions, H+ ions, and OH− ions contribute to OLC, CIMD interferes with electrodialysis (salt counterion removal) but could be exploited for current-assisted ion exchange and pH control. CIMD also suppresses the extended space charge that leads to electro-osmotic instability, so it should be reconsidered in both models and experiments on OLC.

关键词： ION-permeable membranes SALT ELECTRO-osmosis MICROFLUIDICS HYDROGEN-ion concentration ELECTRIC discharges ELECTRIC fields

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