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Promises and technological prospects of two-dimensional Rashba materials

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Bordoloi, Arjyama Garcia-Castro, A.C. Romestan, Zachary Romero, Aldo H. Singh, Sobhit Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Rochester RochesterNY14627 United States School of Physics Universidad Industrial de Santander Carrera 27 Calle 9 Bucaramanga680002 Colombia Department of Physics and Astronomy West Virginia University MorgantownWV26505-6315 United States Materials Science Program University of Rochester RochesterNY14627 United States

The Rashba spin-orbit coupling effect, primarily arising from structural-inversion asymmetry in periodic crystals, has garnered considerable attention due to its tunability and potential applications in spintronics. Its capability to manipulate electron spin without an external magnetic field opens new avenues for spintronic device design, particularly in semiconductor technology. Within this framework, 2D Rashba materials hold special interest due to their inherent characteristics, which facilitate miniaturization and engineering capabilities. In this Perspective article, we provide an overview of recent advancements in the research of 2D Rashba materials, aiming to offer a comprehensive understanding of the diverse manifestations and multifaceted implications of the Rashba effect in material science. Rather than merely presenting a list of materials, our approach involves synthesizing various viewpoints, assessing current trends, and addressing challenges within the field. Our objective is to bridge the gap between fundamental research and practical applications by correlating each material with the necessary advancements required to translate theoretical concepts into tangible technologies. Furthermore, we highlight promising avenues for future research and development, drawing from insights gleaned from the current state of the field. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Magnetic moments

Relation between rare-earth magnetism and the magnetocaloric effect in multiferroic hexagonal manganites

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Dragland, R. Mejía, C. Salazar Hansen, I. Hamasaki, Y. Panduro, E.C. Ehara, Y. Gottschall, T. Meier, D. Schultheiß, J. Trondheim7034 Norway Dresden High Magnetic Field Laboratory EMFL Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Dresden01328 Germany Department of Applied Physics National Defense Academy Hashirimizu Yokosuka239-8686 Japan Department of Communications Engineering National Defense Academy Hashirimizu Yokosuka239-8686 Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Canterbury Christchurch8140 New Zealand

The magnetocaloric effect enables magnetic refrigeration and plays an important role for cooling at cryogenic temperatures, which is essential for emergent technologies such as hydrogen liquefaction and quantum computing. Here, we study the magnetocaloric effect in multiferroic hexagonal manganites by conducting direct adiabatic temperature measurements in pulsed magnetic fields exceeding 20 T. Data gained on polycrystalline HoMnO3, ErMnO3, TmMnO3, and YMnO3 demonstrate a direct correlation between the magnetic 4f-moments and the measured adiabatic temperature change. In HoMnO3, i.e., the system with the largest magnetic 4f-moments, significant temperature changes, ΔTad, of up to 20.1 K are observed, whereas the effect is largely suppressed in YMnO3. Our systematic investigations show the importance of the rare-earth magnetism for the magnetocaloric effect in multiferroic hexagonal manganites at cryogenic temperatures, reaching about 64% of the adiabatic temperature changes reported for gadolinium at room temperature. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Quantum computers

Terahertz phonon polariton concentrator based on perovskite oxides

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Terahertz phonon polariton concentrator based on perovskite ...

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Rui Xu Tong Lin Jiaming Luo Xiaotong Chen Elizabeth R. Blackert Alyssa R. Moon Khalil M. JeBailey Hanyu Zhu Department of Materials Science and Nano Engineering Rice University Houston U.S.A. Applied Physics Graduate Program Rice University Houston U.S.A. Nanotechnology Research Experience for Undergraduates (Nano REU) Program Rice University Houston U.S.A.

We report the experimental demonstration of surface phonon-polaritonic devices in a broad spectral range of 7-13 THz based on SrTiO 3 . We designed planar ultrafast concentrators that amplifies transient electric fiel... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

关键词： Concentrators Electric fields Fast Fourier transforms Field enhancement Fused silica Second harmonic generation

Electroweak, QCD and flavour physics studies with ATLAS data from Run 2 of the LHC

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physics Reports 2025年 1116卷 57-126页

作者： Aad, G. Aakvaag, E. Abbott, B. Abdelhameed, S. Abeling, K. Abicht, N.J. Abidi, S.H. Aboelela, M. Aboulhorma, A. Abramowicz, H. Abreu, H. Abulaiti, Y. Acharya, B.S. Ackermann, A. Adam Bourdarios, C. Adamczyk, L. Addepalli, S.V. Addison, M.J. Adelman, J. Adiguzel, A. Adye, T. Affolder, A.A. Afik, Y. Agaras, M.N. Agarwala, J. Aggarwal, A. Agheorghiesei, C. Ahmad, A. Ahmadov, F. Ahmed, W.S. Ahuja, S. Ai, X. Aielli, G. Aikot, A. Ait Tamlihat, M. Aitbenchikh, B. Akbiyik, M. Åkesson, T.P.A. Akimov, A.V. Akiyama, D. Akolkar, N.N. Aktas, S. Al Khoury, K. Alberghi, G.L. Albert, J. Albicocco, P. Albouy, G.L. Alderweireldt, S. Alegria, Z.L. Aleksa, M. Aleksandrov, I.N. Alexa, C. Alexopoulos, T. Alfonsi, F. Algren, M. Alhroob, M. Ali, B. Ali, H.M.J. Ali, S. Alibocus, S.W. Aliev, M. Alimonti, G. Alkakhi, W. Allaire, C. Allbrooke, B.M.M. Allen, J.F. Allendes Flores, C.A. Allport, P.P. Aloisio, A. Alonso, F. Alpigiani, C. Alsolami, Z.M.K. Alvarez Estevez, M. Alvarez Fernandez, A. Alves Cardoso, M. Alviggi, M.G. Aly, M. Amaral Coutinho, Y. Ambler, A. Amelung, C. Amerl, M. Ames, C.G. Amidei, D. Amirie, K.J. Amor Dos Santos, S.P. Amos, K.R. An, S. Ananiev, V. Anastopoulos, C. Andeen, T. Anders, J.K. Andrean, S.Y. Andreazza, A. Angelidakis, S. Angerami, A. Anisenkov, A.V. Annovi, A. Antel, C. Antipov, E. Antonelli, M. Anulli, F. Aoki, M. Aoki, T. Aparo, M.A. Aperio Bella, L. Appelt, C. Apyan, A. Arbiol Val, S.J. Arcangeletti, C. Arce, A.T.H. Arena, E. Arguin, J.-F. Argyropoulos, S. Arling, J.-H. Arnaez, O. Arnold, H. Artoni, G. Asada, H. Asai, K. Asai, S. Asbah, N.A. Ashby Pickering, R.A. Assamagan, K. Astalos, R. Astrand, K.S.V. Atashi, S. Atkin, R.J. Atkinson, M. Atmani, H. Atmasiddha, P.A. Augsten, K. Auricchio, S. Auriol, A.D. Austrup, V.A. Avolio, G. Axiotis, K. Azuelos, G. Babal, D. Bachacou, H. Bachas, K. Bachiu, A. Backman, F. Badea, A. Baer, T.M. Bagnaia, P. Bahmani, M. Bahner, D. Bai, K. Baines, J.T. Baines, L. Baker, O.K. Bakos, E. Bakshi Gupta, D. Balakrishnan, V. Balasubramanian, R. Baldin, E.M. Balek, P. Ballabene, E. CPPM Aix-Marseille Université CNRS IN2P3 Marseille France Department for Physics and Technology University of Bergen Bergen Norway Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Oklahoma Norman OK United States New York University Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates II. Physikalisches Institut Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Göttingen Germany Fakultät Physik Technische Universität Dortmund Dortmund Germany Physics Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY United States Physics Department Southern Methodist University Dallas TX United States Faculté des sciences Université Mohammed V Rabat Morocco Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel Department of Physics Technion Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel Department of Physics New York University New York NY United States INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine Sezione di Trieste Udine Italy ICTP Trieste Italy Department of Physics King's College London London United Kingdom Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany LAPP Université Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS IN2P3 Annecy France AGH University of Krakow Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science Krakow Poland Department of Physics Brandeis University Waltham MA United States School of Physics and Astronomy University of Manchester Manchester United Kingdom Department of Physics Northern Illinois University DeKalb IL United States Department of Physics Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey Particle Physics Department Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot United Kingdom Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz CA United States Enrico Fermi Institute University of Chicago Chicago IL United States Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain INFN Sezione di Pavia Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Uni

A summary of precision measurements sensitive to electroweak, QCD and quark-flavour effects performed by the ATLAS Collaboration at the Large Hadron Collider is reported. The measurements are predominantly performed on proton–proton (pp) collision data recorded at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV taken from 2015 to 2018, with an integrated luminosity of up to 140 fb⁻¹, with some results based on pp and Pb+Pb data recorded at lower nucleon centre-of-mass energies. The results cover a wide range of topics, from strong production of particles at low energies and the spectroscopy of hadrons to perturbative QCD with hadronic jets and electroweak and strong production of single and multiple vector bosons. They provide precise measurements of fundamental constants and stringent tests of the Standard Model with unprecedented precision and in energy ranges never explored before. They are also used to explore the proton structure and to perform model-independent searches for new physics. © 2024 CERN for the benefit of the ATLAS Collaboration

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Automated control and optimization of laser-driven ion acceleration

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High Power Laser Science and engineering 2023年第3期11卷 32-40页

作者： B.Loughran M.J.V.Streeter H.Ahmed S.Astbury M.Balcazar M.Borghesi N.Bourgeois C.B.Curry S.J.D.Dann S.DiIorio N.P.Dover T.Dzelzainis O.C.Ettlinger M.Gauthier L.Giuffrida G.D.Glenn S.H.Glenzer J.S.Green R.J.Gray G.S.Hicks C.Hyland V.Istokskaia M.King D.Margarone O.McCusker P.McKenna Z.Najmudin C.Parisuaña P.Parsons C.Spindloe D.R.Symes A.G.R.Thomas F.Treffert N.Xu C.A.J.Palmer School of Mathematics and Physics Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUK Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotUK Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo ParkCAUSA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science Imperial College LondonLondonUK ELI Beamlines Centre Institute of PhysicsCzech Academy of SciencesDolníBˇrežanyCzech Republic Department of Applied Physics Stanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA Department of Physics SUPAUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering Czech Technical University in PraguePragueCzech Republic Department of Mechanical Engineering Stanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA Institut für Kernphysik Technische Universität DarmstadtDarmstadtGermany

The interaction of relativistically intense lasers with opaque targets represents a highly non-linear,multi-dimensional parameter *** limits the utility of sequential 1D scanning of experimental parameters for the optimization of secondary radiation,although to-date this has been the accepted methodology due to low data acquisition *** repetition-rate(HRR)lasers augmented by machine learning present a valuable opportunity for efficient source ***,an automated,HRR-compatible system produced high-fidelity parameter scans,revealing the influence of laser intensity on target pre-heating and proton generation.A closed-loop Bayesian optimization of maximum proton energy,through control of the laser wavefront and target position,produced proton beams with equivalent maximum energy to manually optimized laser pulses but using only 60%of the laser *** demonstration of automated optimization of laser-driven proton beams is a crucial step towards deeper physical insight and the construction of future radiation sources.

关键词： Bayesian optimization high repetition-rate laser-target interaction laser-driven particle acceleration proton generation

Flow and clogging of capillary droplets

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Cheng, Yuxuan Lonial, Benjamin F. Sista, Shivnag Meer, David J. Hofert, Anisa Weeks, Eric R. Shattuck, Mark D. O'Hern, Corey S. Department of Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Physics Emory University AtlantaGA30322 United States Benjamin Levich Institute Physics Department The City College of New York New YorkNY10031 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States

Capillary droplets form due to surface tension when two immiscible fluids are mixed. We describe the motion of gravity-driven capillary droplets flowing through narrow constrictions and obstacle arrays in both simulations and experiments. Our new capillary deformable particle model recapitulates the shape and velocity of single oil droplets in water as they pass through narrow constrictions in microfluidic chambers. Using this experimentally validated model, we simulate the flow and clogging of single capillary droplets in narrow channels and obstacle arrays and find several important results. First, the capillary droplet speed profile is nonmonotonic as the droplet exits the narrow orifice, and we can tune the droplet properties so that the speed overshoots the terminal speed far from the constriction. Second, in obstacle arrays, we find that extremely deformable droplets can wrap around obstacles, which leads to decreased average droplet speed in the continuous flow regime and increased probability for clogging in the regime where permanent clogs form. Third, the wrapping mechanism causes the clogging probability in obstacle arrays to become nonmonotonic with surface tension Γ. At large Γ, the droplets are nearly rigid and the clogging probability is large since the droplets can not squeeze through the gaps between obstacles. With decreasing Γ, the clogging probability decreases as the droplets become more deformable. However, in the small-Γ limit, the clogging probability increases since the droplets are extremely deformable and wrap around the obstacles. The results from these studies are important for developing a predictive understanding of capillary droplet flows through complex and confined geometries. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Drop formation

Interpolation Neural Network-Tensor Decomposition (INN-TD): a scalable and interpretable approach for large-scale physics-based problems

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Guo, Jiachen Xie, Xiaoyu Park, Chanwook Zhang, Hantao Politis, Matthew J. Domel, Gino Liu, Wing Kam Theoretical and applied mechanics program Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Rd EvanstonIL United States Department of mechanical engineering Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Rd EvanstonIL United States Meta SeattleWA United States HIDENN-AI Oak BrookIL United States

Deep learning has been extensively employed as a powerful function approximator for modeling physics-based problems described by partial differential equations (PDEs). Despite their popularity, standard deep learning models often demand prohibitively large computational resources and yield limited accuracy when scaling to large-scale, high-dimensional physical problems. Their black-box nature further hinders the application in industrial problems where interpretability and high precision are critical. To overcome these challenges, this paper introduces Interpolation Neural Network-Tensor Decomposition (INN-TD), a scalable and interpretable framework that has the merits of both machine learning and finite element methods for modeling large-scale physical systems. By integrating locally supported interpolation functions from finite element into the network architecture, INN-TD achieves a sparse learning structure with enhanced accuracy, faster training/solving speed, and reduced memory footprint. This makes it particularly effective for tackling large-scale high-dimensional parametric PDEs in training, solving, and inverse optimization tasks in physical problems where high precision is required. © 2025, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Interpolation

Atomically imprinted graphene plasmonic cavities

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Kim, Brian S.Y. Sternbach, Aaron J. Choi, Min Sup Sun, Zhiyuan Ruta, Francesco L. Shao, Yinming McLeod, Alexander S. Xiong, Lin Dong, Yinan Rajendran, Anjaly Liu, Song Nipane, Ankur Chae, Sang Hoon Zangiabadi, Amirali Xu, Xiaodong Millis, Andrew J. Schuck, P. James Dean, Cory R. Hone, James C. Basov, D.N. Department of Physics Columbia University New YorkNY United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Columbia University New YorkNY United States Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics Columbia University New YorkNY United States Department of Electrical Engineering Columbia University New YorkNY United States Department of Physics University of Washington SeattleWA United States

Plasmon polaritons in van der Waals (vdW) materials hold promise for next-generation photonics1-4. The ability to deterministically imprint spatial patterns of high carrier density in cavities and circuitry with nanoscale features underlies future progress in nonlinear nanophotonics5 and strong light-matter interactions6. Here, we demonstrate a general strategy to atomically imprint low-loss graphene plasmonic structures using oxidation-activated charge transfer (OCT). We cover graphene with a monolayer of WSe2, which is subsequently oxidized into high work-function WOx to activate charge transfer. Nano-infrared imaging reveals low-loss plasmon polaritons at the WOx/graphene interface. We insert WSe2 spacers to precisely control the OCT-induced carrier density and achieve a near-intrinsic quality factor of plasmons. Finally, we imprint canonical plasmonic cavities exhibiting laterally abrupt doping profiles with single-digit nanoscale precision via programmable OCT. Specifically, we demonstrate technologically appealing but elusive plasmonic whispering-gallery resonators based on free-standing graphene encapsulated in WOx. Our results open avenues for novel quantum photonic architectures incorporating two-dimensional materials. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Graphene

Directional strengthening and weakening in hydrodynamically sheared granular beds

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Physical Review Fluids 2022年第1期7卷 013802-013802页

作者： Marios Galanis Mark D. Shattuck Corey S. O'Hern Nicholas T. Ouellette Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Stanford University Stanford California 94305 USA Benjamin Levich Institute and Physics Department The City College of the City University of New York New York New York 10031 USA Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Department of Applied Physics Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Department of Physics Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA

Granular beds driven by overlying shear flows begin to erode when the stress delivered to the bed by the fluid exceeds a critical value. Previous studies have shown that this critical stress depends on the stress history of the bed, and that beds will strengthen when subjected to subcritical stresses. By measuring the behavior of erodible beds in a laboratory flume, we confirm this strengthening effect, but also find that it is strongly directional. We find that preconditioned granular beds are indeed more resistant to erosion when driven in the direction of the conditioning flow, but that this strengthening is accompanied by a weakening when driven in other directions. Preconditioned beds are in fact more susceptible to erosion by flows in the direction opposite to that of the conditioning flow than freshly settled beds are. Our results show that the strength of a natural erodible bed with a stress history is likely to be highly anisotropic, with significant implications for predictions of sediment transport.

关键词： Granular materials Sediment transport