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arXiv 2023年

作者： Fullerton, John McCray, Arthur R.C. Petford-Long, Amanda K. Phatak, Charudatta Materials Science Division Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL United States Applied Physics Program Northwestern University EvanstonIL United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL United States

Comprehending the interaction between geometry and magnetism in three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures is of importance to understand the fundamental physics of domain wall (DW) formation and pinning. Here, we use focused electron beam-induced deposition to fabricate magnetic nanohelices with increasing helical curvature with height. Using electron tomography and Lorentz transmission electron microscopy, we reconstruct the 3D structure and magnetization of the nanohelices. The surface curvature, helical curvature and torsion of the nanohelices are then quantified from the tomographic reconstructions. Furthermore, by using the experimental 3D reconstructions as inputs for micromagnetic simulations we can reveal the influence of surface and helical curvature on the magnetic reversal mechanism. Hence, we can directly correlate the magnetic behavior of a 3D nanohelix to its experimental structure. These results demonstrate how control of geometry in nanohelices can be utilized in the stabilization of DWs and control of the response of the nanostructure to applied magnetic fields. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Magnetization reversal

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Long-range photodetection of organic exciton-polaritons

Long-range photodetection of organic exciton-polaritons

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Bin Liu Xinjing Huang Stephen R. Forrest Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor USA Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann Arbor USA Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann Arbor USA Department of Material Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor USA

In light-matter strong coupling regime, we observe long-range photodetection response at room temperature mediated by organic exciton-polaritons, which results from strong interactions between organic excitons and low... 详细信息

ISBN: (数字)9781957171050

ISBN: (纸本)9781665466660

关键词： Couplings Surface waves Excitons Lasers and electrooptics Laser excitation Electrooptical waveguides

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Electronic-photonic quantum systems on-chip

Electronic-photonic quantum systems on-chip

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Quantum 2.0, QUANTUM 2022

作者： Wang, Imbert Ramesh, Anirudh Kramnik, Danielius Fargas Cabanillas, Josep M. Stojanović, Vladimir Kumar, Prem Popović, Miloš A. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Photonics Center Boston University BostonMA02215 United States Graduate Program in Applied Physics Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science UC Berkeley BerkeleyCA94720 United States Center for Photonic Communication and Computing Dept. of Electrical and Computer Eng. Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States

We present progress towards realizing electronic-photonic quantum systems on-chip;particularly, entangled photon-pair sources, placing them in the context of previous work, and outlining our vision for mass-producible... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171111

关键词： Quantum entanglement

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Study of Novel Photodetectors and Electronics to Enhance Coincidence Time Resolution of BGO-based PET Detectors

Study of Novel Photodetectors and Electronics to Enhance Coi...

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IEEE Symposium on Nuclear Science (NSS/MIC)

作者： Andrea Gonzalez-Montoro Shirin Pourashraf Joshua W Cates Craig S Levin Department of Radiology Stanford University Stanford CA USA Applied Nuclear Physics Program Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA USA Departments of Radiology Molecular Imaging Program Bioengineering Physics and Electrical Engineering Stanford University CA USA

Developing high sensitivity multiparametric medical imaging tools constitutes one of the main research topics in radionuclide *** time-of-flight positron emission tomography (TOF-PET) scanners have shown potential in this context. One of the most attractive solutions that have been proposed to improve the coincidence time resolution (CTR) of TOF-PET scanners includes exploiting the small population of promptly emitted light photons (i.e., Cherenkov photons). Bismuth germanate (BGO) is a legacy detection material for PET which exhibits a moderate Cherenkov yield. which new advancements in ultra-violet (UV) light sensitive photosensor technologies and associated detection techniques can exploit for fast timing. It has been demonstrated that exploiting the BGO–Cherenkov component may simultaneously facilitate high 511 keV photon detection sensitivity with excellent CTR, thus enabling high sensitivity, low cost TOF-PET systems. Accessing the timing information from these Cherenkov photons requires enhanced photodetector technology combined with low noise and fast readout electronics, as well as specific data post-processing *** this summary, we report the CTR evaluation of different length BGO crystals coupled to UV enhanced SiPMs and custom designed electronics. Average CTR values of 156 ± 6, 188 ± 5, 228 ± 8 and 297 ± 8 ps CTR FWHM have been achieved for 3 × 3 × 3, × 5, × 10, and × 15 mm 3 BGO crystal with chemically processed surface finishes.

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Cost-Effective Low-Toxicity Hydrogel-Based Quasi-Solid Polymer Electrolyte (Qspe) with a Peo-Based Hyperbranched Polymer Host

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Bolar-Gastony, Maria Andrews, William T. Bonsmann, Laura Ciocanel, Constantin Browder, Cindy C. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Northern Arizona University FlagstaffAZ86011 United States Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science Northern Arizona University FlagstaffAZ86011 United States Northern Arizona University FlagstaffAZ86011 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Northern Arizona University FlagstaffAZ86011 United States

The drive for safer and longer-lasting power storage devices has centered on the development of solid electrolytes. A novel quasi-solid polymer electrolyte (QSPE) utilizes a hyperbranched polymer host, generated by in situ polymerization, that imparts mechanical strength while maintaining the amorphous character required for ionic conductivity. By replacing the traditional carbonate plasticizer with water, use of lower-cost, reduced-toxicity electrolytic salts can be realized. A LiCl-in-H2O QSPE was prepared and compared to its LiTFSI-in-PC progenitor and was found to have lower cost ($0.48 vs. $0.78 per g), diminished acute toxicity estimate (589 vs. 2120 mg/kg), and comparable ionic conductivity (2.8 · 10-4 vs. 1.1 · 10-4 S/cm) and mechanical strength (0.40 vs. 0.64 MPa storage modulus). Both QSPE formulations perform comparably in structural supercapacitors, with the hydrogel providing specific capacitance 23.11 mF/g of and energy density of 2.05 · 10-3 Wh/kg when using a carbon paper electrode and polypropylene separator. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Solid electrolytes

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Hyperuniformity of maximally random jammed packings of hyperspheres across spatial dimensions

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Physical Review E 2023年第6期108卷 064602-064602页

作者： Charles Emmett Maher Yang Jiao Salvatore Torquato Department of Chemistry Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA Materials Science and Engineering Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287 USA Department of Physics Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287 USA Department of Physics Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA Princeton Materials Institute Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA

The maximally random jammed (MRJ) state is the most random (i.e., disordered) configuration of strictly jammed (mechanically rigid) nonoverlapping objects. MRJ packings are hyperuniform, meaning their long-wavelength density fluctuations are anomalously suppressed compared to typical disordered systems, i.e., their structure factors S(k) tend to zero as the wave number |k| tends to zero. Here we show that generating high-quality strictly jammed states for Euclidean space dimensions d=3,4, and 5 is of paramount importance in ensuring hyperuniformity and extracting precise values of the hyperuniformity exponent α>0 for MRJ states, defined by the power-law behavior of S(k)∼|k|α in the limit |k|→0. Moreover, we show that for fixed d it is more difficult to ensure jamming as the particle number N increases, which results in packings that are nonhyperuniform. Free-volume theory arguments suggest that the ideal MRJ state does not contain rattlers, which act as defects in numerically generated packings. As d increases, we find that the fraction of rattlers decreases substantially. Our analysis of the largest truly jammed packings suggests that the ideal MRJ packings for all dimensions d≥3 are hyperuniform with α=d−2, implying the packings become more hyperuniform as d increases. The differences in α between MRJ packings and the recently proposed Manna-class random close packed (RCP) states, which were reported to have α=0.25 in d=3 and be nonhyperuniform (α=0) for d=4 and d=5, demonstrate the vivid distinctions between the large-scale structure of RCP and MRJ states in these dimensions. Our paper clarifies the importance of the link between true jamming and hyperuniformity and motivates the development of an algorithm to produce rattler-free three-dimensional MRJ packings.

关键词： Granular solids

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Back action in quantum electro-optic sampling of electromagnetic vacuum fluctuations

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Physical Review Research 2023年第1期5卷 013151-013151页

作者： T. L. M. Guedes I. Vakulchyk D. V. Seletskiy A. Leitenstorfer A. S. Moskalenko Guido Burkard Department of Physics and Center for Applied Photonics University of Konstanz D-78457 Konstanz Germany Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34126 Republic of Korea Basic Science Program Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) Daejeon Korea 34113 Republic of Korea Department of Engineering Physics Polytechnique Montréal Montréal QC Canada H3T 1J4 Department of Physics KAIST Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea

The influence of measurement back action on electro-optic sampling of electromagnetic quantum fluctuations is investigated. Based on a cascaded treatment of the nonlinear interaction between a near-infrared coherent probe and the mid-infrared vacuum, we account for the generated electric-field contributions that lead to detectable back action. Specifically, we theoretically address two realistic setups, exploiting one or two probe beams for the nonlinear interaction with the quantum vacuum, respectively. The setup parameters at which back action starts to considerably contaminate the measured noise profiles are determined. We find that back action starts to detrimentally affect the signal once the fluctuations due to the coupling to the mid-infrared vacuum become comparable to the base shot noise. Due to the vacuum fluctuations entering at the beam splitter, the shot noise of two incoming probe pulses in different channels is uncorrelated. Therefore, even when the base shot noise dominates the output of the experiment, it does not contribute to the correlation signal itself. However, we find that further contributions due to nonlinear shot-noise enhancement are still present. Ultimately, a regime in which electro-optic sampling of quantum fields can be considered as effectively back-action free is found.

关键词： Nonlinear optical susceptibility Optical coherence Optical tests of quantum theory Quantum field theory (low energy) Quantum fluctuations & noise Quantum information processing Quantum measurements Quantum states of light Ultrafast optics

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Drop encapsulation and bubble bursting in surfactant-laden flows in capillary channels

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Physical Review Fluids 2024年第3期9卷 034001-034001页

作者： P. Pico L. Kahouadji S. Shin J. Chergui D. Juric O. K. Matar Department of Chemical Engineering Imperial College London South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ United Kingdom Department of Mechanical and System Design Engineering Hongik University Seoul 121-791 Republic of Korea Université Paris Saclay Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN) 91400 Orsay France Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics University of Cambridge Cambridge CB3 0WA United Kingdom

We present a parametric study of the unsteady phenomena associated with the flow of elongated gas bubbles traveling through liquid-filled square capillaries under high Weber number conditions. These conditions induce the formation of an indentation at the back of the bubble that commonly gives way to a deep reentrant liquid jet penetrating the bubble. Subsequent steps include pinch-off events in the penetrating liquid to generate one or multiple encapsulated drops which may coalesce, in conjunction with the bursting of the bubble-liquid interface by either the liquid jet or the drops. Some of these interfacial instabilities have previously been reported experimentally and numerically for liquid-liquid flow in microchannels. We carry out three-dimensional direct numerical simulations based on a hybrid interface-tracking/level-set method capable of accounting for the presence and dynamic exchange of surfactants between the liquid bulk phase and the liquid-gas interface. Our results indicate that the delicate interplay among inertia, capillarity, viscosity, surfactant adsorption/desorption kinetics, and Marangoni stresses has a dramatic influence over the nonaxisymmetric morphological structures of the encapsulated drops-elongated bubble. This strong coupling also influences the pinch-off time, penetration depth of the liquid, and number, size, and velocity of the encapsulated drops across the bubble. The observed phenomena are summarized in three main morphological regimes based on surfactant-related parameters and dimensionless groups. A discussion of the flow regime maps is also provided.

关键词： Drop & bubble phenomena Interfacial flows Multiphase flows Surface tension effects

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Intelligent sensors based on amorphous nanostructures according to achieve an optimal waste collection in Lima Peru

Intelligent sensors based on amorphous nanostructures accord...

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IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA)

作者： J. Alan Calderón Ch. E. Benjamín Barriga G. Julio C. Tafur Alan Ccarita John Lozano Rodrigo Urbizagástegui Applied Nanophysics Institute for Physics Technical University of Ilmenau Ilmenau Germany Engineering Department Mechatronics Engineering Master Program Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú Perú Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Master Program Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú Perú Engineering Department Control Engineering and Automation Master Program Mechatronic Engineering Master Program Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú Perú Northen (Artic) Federal University Named After MV Lomonosov Arkhangelsk Russian Federation Engineering Department Engineering Electronic Section Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú Perú

ISBN: (纸本)9781665409858

An optimal waste collection is a very complicated task in different countries. However, this task is more intricate, when there is not an organized procedure between people, government and technology. In this research it was studied and proposed strategies, to optimize the waste collection by technical suggestions, that were based on mathematical analysis and new technologies applications of sensors based on nanostructures due to this kind of sensors have good performance to measure physical variables in not simple places and conditions, such as around waste. Hence the reason, this work is prepared to contribute in the development of sensors based on nanostructures according to detect the physical variables: temperature, humidity, infrared reflection, moreover carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) gases, which help to monitor the consequences of a not correct waste *** dependence on central and local government rules of waste management, it could be possible to find solution about organized waste collection, in which every family and walkers in streets would have the task to select the organic and inorganic garbage before the government trucks take the contents of the garbage trash cans to the landfill garbage dumps. However, many times the trash cans are not taken on time by the government trucks and garbage from them are producing gases and decomposition that causes contamination that damages health. Therefore, in this work there are proposed designed intelligent sensors, which are fixed in the trash cans due to measure physical parameters to give alarm for administrators controllers of boxes and to enhance the garbage selections from homes and streets to the main garbage landfills of the city. In other side, there will not be right solution in the waste collection, no matter the high advantage technologies, while humans could not be sensitive under this problematic. There are cleaned areas in cities, as for example touristic places, nevertheless, there

关键词： Temperature sensors Temperature measurement Waste management Gases Temperature dependence Urban areas Nanostructures

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Various advanced wastewater treatment methods to remove microplastics and prevent transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to airborne microplastics

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International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 2023年第2期20卷 2229-2246页

作者： Zahmatkesh, S. Klemeš, J.J. Bokhari, A. Wang, C. Sillanpaa, M. Amesho, K.T.T. Vithanage, M. Department of Chemical Engineering University of Science and Technology of Mazandaran P.O. Box 48518-78195 Behshahr Iran Tecnologico de Monterrey Escuela de Ingenieríay Ciencias Puebla Mexico Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory SPIL NETME Centre Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Brno University of Technology VUT Brno Technická 2896/2 616 00 Brno Czech Republic School of Chemical Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou450001 China Department of Chemical Engineering College of Engineering King Khalid University Abha61411 Saudi Arabia Research Laboratory of Processes Energetics Environment and Electrical Systems National School of Engineers Gabes University Gabes6072 Tunisia Faculty of Science and Technology School of Applied Physics University Kebangsaan Malaysia Selangor Bangi43600 Malaysia The International University of Management Centre for Environmental Studies Main Campus Dorado Park Ext 1 Windhoek Namibia Center for Emerging Contaminants Research National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung804 Taiwan Institute of Environmental Engineering National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung804 Taiwan Faculty of Applied Sciences University of Jayewardenepura Nugegoda Sri Lanka

Microplastics (MPs) and SARS-CoV-2 interact due to their widespread presence in our environment and affect the virus' behaviour indoors and outdoors. Therefore, it is necessary to study the interaction between MPs and SARS-CoV-2. The environmental damage caused by MPs is increasing globally. Emerging pollutants may adversely affect organisms, especially sewage, posing a threat to human health, animal health, and the ecological system. A significant concern with MPs in the air is that they are a vital component of MPs in the other environmental compartments, such as water and soil, which may affect human health through ingesting or inhaling. This work introduces the fundamental knowledge of various methods in advanced water treatment, including membrane bioreactors, advanced oxidation processes, adsorption, etc., are highly effective in removing MPs;they can still serve as an entrance route due to their constantly being discharged into aquatic environments. Following that, an analysis of each process for MPs' removal and mitigation or prevention of SARS-CoV-2 contamination is discussed. Next, an airborne microplastic has been reported in urban areas, raising health concerns since aerosols are considered a possible route of SARS-CoV-2 disease transmission and bind to airborne MP surfaces. The MPs can be removed from wastewater through conventional treatment processes with physical processes such as screening, grit chambers, and pre-sedimentation. © 2022, The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Iranian Society of Environmentalists (IRSEN) and Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University.

关键词： Coronavirus

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