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SSRN 2023年

作者： Leal, Elisângela Martins Coura, Dimas Pereira Graduate Program in Mechanical Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering School of Mining Federal University of Ouro Preto Brazil

The steelmaking industry in Brazil plays a vital role in the country's energy landscape, being a major electricity consumer. To remain globally competitive, the industry requires a strategic plan for efficient energy use, low environmental impact, and cost reduction. One promising approach is implementing thermoelectric power plants that utilize waste gases from steelmaking. This study analyzes the energy, exergy, environmental, and economic aspects of such a plant, considering green hydrogen addition achieved through water electrolysis using photovoltaic power. A computational model with Scilab is used, validated with data from a real thermal power plant. Computer simulations using different fuel mixtures show that adding up to 30% hydrogen to blast furnace gas achieves energy and exergy efficiency equivalent to the reference scenario (scenario zero) while reducing fuel costs. Effective energy management within organizations can lead to significant financial gains. The real operating model (scenario zero) exhibited a lower exergetic efficiency of 23.87%, highlighting the need for sustainable solutions. Embracing hydrogen-based technologies can pave the way for a greener, more energy-efficient future in Brazil. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Economic analysis

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A virtual positioning system for external beam radiotherapy

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Virtual Reality 2023年第3期27卷 2569-2582页

作者： Sung, Wen-Hsu Jiang, Ching-Fen Su, Tai-Sin Sun, Shuh-Ping Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan Graduate Program of Smart Healthcare and Bioinformatics I-Shou University Kaohsiung Taiwan Department of Biomedical Engineering I-Shou University Kaohsiung Taiwan Department of Digital Media Design I-Shou University Kaohsiung Taiwan

In radiation therapy, positioning patients to ensure the accuracy of the setup of a procedure is a routine and labour-intensive process that substantially determines the efficacy of treatment. In this study, we propose a virtual positioning system that can simulate the positioning process with a visible beam path under the broad view of a life-like patient-positioning platform to obviate problems with excessively narrow view. This system integrates image processing, computer graphics, and virtual reality to encompass a 3D treatment target reconstructed from medical images of different modalities in a virtual scene. An innovative evaluation method is further proposed to verify the efficacy of the system using a full-scale 3D solid anthropometric model, and a treatment target showed an accuracy of 99% in calibration and a mean compatibility of 95% with an actual measurement. The proposed virtual positioning system provides a training and education platform for radiation therapy. The methodology through which the system was developed is also disclosed as a promising approach to improve the efficiency and safety of the position verification process for existing systems. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature.

关键词： Radiotherapy

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Folding angle and wing flexibility influence the flight performance of origami winged fruits

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Nonlinear Dynamics 2024年第13期112卷 10995-11011页

作者： Cai, Jing-Fang Hsu, Ya-Chun Yen, Yu-Chen Lee, Yun-Chung Peyton, Bernie Huang, Mei-Jiau Yu, Hon-Tsen Juang, Jia-Yang Department of Mechanical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei106319 Taiwan Department of Life Science National Taiwan University Taipei106319 Taiwan Berkeley CA United States Program in Nanoengineering and Nanoscience Graduate School of Advanced Technology National Taiwan University Taipei106319 Taiwan Degree Program of Genome and Systems Biology National Taiwan University Taipei106319 Taiwan

Winged fruits possess a unique flight mechanism relying on simple geometric structures rather than neuromuscular control. This study proposes an innovative approach using origami techniques to create three-winged model fruits, serving as a proxy for understanding the flight dynamics of natural winged fruits. Paper is employed to simulate inherent wing flexibility, with the option to add plastic frames for rigidity. We comprehensively investigate the free fall motion of both rigid and flexible winged fruits through experimental and numerical analyses. Velocity–time curves reveal a three-stage descent pattern—acceleration, deceleration, and steady states. The overshoot phenomenon is attributed to rapid lift increase due to leading-edge vortices attaching stably to the wings. This insight sheds light on aerodynamics governing fruit flight. Compared with rigid wings, flexible wings exhibit two key properties—slower descent and higher self-orienting capability—that facilitate a more stable and longer-distance dispersal of seeds under crosswind conditions. Our study demonstrates the potential benefits of flexible wings in natural seed distribution. This study advances our understanding of winged fruit flight dynamics, utilizing origami as a powerful tool for biomimetic investigations. The findings have broad implications, from improving aerodynamic designs to developing efficient micro air vehicles and electronic microfliers, and understanding seed dispersal evolution. Graphical abstract: (Figure presented.). © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2024.

关键词： Fruits

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Whale Optimization Algorithm for structural damage detection, localization, and quantification

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Discover Civil engineering 2024年第1期1卷 1-22页

作者： Monteiro, Daniele Kauctz Miguel, Letícia Fleck Fadel Zeni, Gustavo Becker, Tiago de Andrade, Giovanni Souza de Barros, Rodrigo Rodrigues Graduate Program in Civil Engineering (PPGEC) Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil Department of Mechanical Engineering (DEMEC) Graduate Program in Mechanical Engineering (PROMEC) Graduate Program in Civil Engineering (PPGEC) Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil Graduate Program in Mining Metallurgy and Materials Engineering (PPGEM) Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil Department of Mechanical Engineering (DEMEC) Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil Applied Mechanics Group (GMAp) School of Engineering Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil

This paper introduces an approach for vibration-based damage detection based on matrix updating aided by the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA). The methodology uses the Data-driven Stochastic Subspace Identification (SSI-DATA) technique to determine the modal parameters, which are compared with those obtained from both healthy and damaged conditions of the structure. The methodology’s efficacy is assessed through three distinct steps: numerical simulations, experimental data, and real-world data from a bridge. Initially, numerical analyses are conducted on a cantilever beam, a 10-bar truss, and a Warren truss subjected to environmental vibrations with varying damage cases and noise levels. Subsequently, experimental validations are performed on a test system and in the Z24 Bridge. Results from the computational simulations demonstrate the method’s promise to identify, locate, and quantify single and multiple damage cases, even amidst signal noise, variations in the first vibration mode as minimal as 0.015%, and complex structures with 54 elements. Moreover, the matrix updating method utilizing WOA showcased superior accuracy compared to existing techniques in the literature. In addition, the Z24 Bridge example validated the capability of the presented damage detection method to localize structural damage solely based on natural frequencies.

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3D scaffolds-specific cellular mechanoresponse as a pivotal regulating factor in tissue engineering

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JMST Advances 2024年第2期6卷 121-134页

作者： Ahn, Yejin Chang, Hyewon Baek, Jieung Department of Biological Sciences Pusan National University Busan Republic of Korea Division of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Ewha Womans University Seoul Republic of Korea Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering Ewha Womans University Seoul Republic of Korea

In tissue engineering, the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) or scaffolds have increasingly been considered to impact therapeutic efficacy by regulating cell behaviors, including differentiation, proliferation, migration, and adhesion. However, the understanding of how cells sense, integrate, and convert the mechanical cues from the ECM cues into biochemical signals to control certain cell behaviors is still elusive, especially in 3D, which more closely mimics the natural microenvironment than 2D systems. This review highlights the key differences between 2 and 3D in the contexts of mechanoregulative cell behaviors such as cell adhesion, spreading, migration, and force transmission. Furthermore, critical designing factors that needs to be considered for the fabrication of 3D tissue engineering scaffolds is discussed: stiffness, viscoelasticity, degradability, and the immobilization of biomolecules. Although mechanotransduction in 3D is actively being studied, understanding cellular mechanotransduction in 3D and designing of mechanoregulative 3D scaffolds still presents several challenges, including varying mechanical properties depending on different tissues, dynamic mechanical environments, and integration of multimodal cues. Interdisciplinary methodologies encompassing material engineering, cell biology, and mechanical engineering would serve to mitigate these challenges and augment our understanding of mechanoregulation governing cellular behaviors, thus fostering advancements in biomedical applications in the future.

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Understanding ADC variation by fat content effect using a dual-function MRI phantom

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European Radiology Experimental 2024年第1期8卷 19页

作者： Liu, Yi-Jui Tsai, Tung-Sheng Li, Ya-Hui Peng, Jo-Hua Chang, Hing-Chiu Peng, Hsu-Hsia Lee, Ying-Chieh Lee, Tung-Yang Liou, Chang-Hsien Lin, Tz-Feng Chew, Fatt-Yang Chou, Ruey-Hwang Juan, Chun-Jung Department of Automatic Control Engineering Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Electrical and Communication Engineering Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan Department of Medical Imaging China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital 199 Sec. 1 Xinglong Rd. Hsinchu County Zhubei City 302 Taiwan Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Biomedical Engineering Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Master’s Program of Biomedical Informatics and Biomedical Engineering Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan Cheng Ching Hospital Taichung Taiwan Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Science National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Fiber and Composite Materials Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan Department of Medical Imaging China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan Department of Radiology School of Medicine China Medical University Taichung Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences China Medical University Taichung 406 Taiwan Center for Molecular Medicine China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology Asia University Taichung Taiwan

Background: A dual-function phantom designed to quantify the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in different fat contents (FCs) and glass bead densities (GBDs) to simulate the human tissues has not been documented yet. We propose a dual-function phantom to quantify the FC and to measure the ADC at different FCs and different GBDs. Methods: A fat-containing diffusion phantom comprised by 30 glass-bead-containing fat-water emulsions consisting of six different FCs (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%) multiplied by five different GBDs (0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 g/50 mL). The FC and ADC were measured by the “iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least squares estimation-IQ,” IDEAL-IQ, and single-shot echo-planar diffusion-weighted imaging, SS-EP-DWI, sequences, respectively. Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship among the fat fraction (FF) measured by IDEAL-IQ, GBD, and ADC. Results: The ADC was significantly, negatively, and linearly associated with the FF (the linear slope ranged from -0.005 to -0.017, R² = 0.925 to 0.986, all p < 0.001). The slope of the linear relationship between the ADC and the FF, however, varied among different GBDs (the higher the GBD, the lower the slope). ADCs among emulsions across different GBDs and FFs were overlapped. Emulsions with low GBDs plus high FFs shared a same lower ADC range with those with median or high GBDs plus median or lower FFs. Conclusions: A novel dual-function phantom simulating the human tissues allowed to quantify the influence of FC and GBD on ADC. Relevance statement: The study developed an innovative dual-function MRI phantom to explore the impact of FC on ADC variation that can affect clinical results. The results revealed the superimposed effect on FF and GBD density on ADC measurements. Key points: • A dual-function phantom made of glass bead density (GBD) and fat fraction (FF) emulsion has been developed. • Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values

关键词： Adipose tissue Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging Phantoms (imaging) Quality assurance (healthcare) Quality control

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Electro-mechanical Finite Element Model of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy 6th

Electro-Mechanical Finite Element Model of Left Ventricular ...

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6th Kuala Lumpur International Conference on biomedical engineering, BioMed 2021

作者： Hew, Zhi Chin Chan, Bee Ting Wan Ab Naim, Wan Naimah Dokos, Socrates Tey, Wah Yen Liew, Yih Miin Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering UCSI University Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Department of Mechanical Materials and Manufacturing Engineering Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Nottingham Malaysia Selangor Malaysia Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Pahang Malaysia Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering UNSW Sydney Sydney Australia Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology University Teknologi Malaysia Skudai Malaysia Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9783030907235

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is one of the common heart diseases that contribute to global morbidity and mortality. LVH can be further classified into concentric LVH (cLVH), eccentric LVH (eLVH) and concentric left ventricular remodeling (cLVR) based on the changes in wall structure and cardiac function. This study simulated LVH cases by using an electro-mechanical left ventricular (LV) model. The simulation was performed on three LVH cases, with a healthy model used for baseline reference. The pressure–volume loops, LV wall thickening index (TI), shortening strain (SS) and thickening strain (TS) were evaluated. Although all LV models had a preserved ejection fraction, differences in TI, SS and TS were noted. The cLVH (TI: 24.4%, SS: −20.2%, TS: −52.5%) and eLVH (TI: 10.3%, SS: −81.2%, TS: 9.4%) models showed remarkable difference compared to the healthy model, whereas less significant discrepancy was noted in cLVR (TI: 5.1%, SS: −0.6%, TS: −7.3%). Distinct geometric features of increased wall thickness and chamber enlargement were observed to affect the operative chamber stiffness in cLVH and eLVH. The TI, SS and TS results indicate wall mechanics impairment in cLVH and eLVH patients. © 2022, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Strain

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Spatio-Temporal Deep Learning for Final Infarct Prediction Using Acute Stroke CT Perfusion Data 4th

Spatio-Temporal Deep Learning for Final Infarct Prediction U...

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4th International Workshop on Imaging and Treatment Challenges, SWITCH 2024, and 6th International Challenge on Ischemic Stroke Lesion Segmentation Challenge, ISLES 2024, Held in Conjunction with Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2024

作者： Amador, Kimberly Winder, Anthony J. Forkert, Nils D. Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program University of Calgary Calgary Canada Department of Radiology University of Calgary Calgary Canada Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of Calgary Calgary Canada Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute University of Calgary Calgary Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9783031811005

Accurate prediction of the tissue outcome is crucial for guiding treatment decisions in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Spatio-temporal (4D) Computed Tomography Perfusion (CTP) provides detailed insights into cerebral blood flow dynamics, which are essential for predicting final infarct regions. However, its high-dimensional and noisy nature presents challenges for direct prediction. In this study, we evaluate a deep learning model that fully leverages 4D CTP data for predicting tissue outcomes. The model integrates a shared-weight convolutional neural network (CNN) encoder, a Transformer encoder, and a CNN decoder to capture both spatial and temporal dependencies within the data. We evaluated this approach on a multicenter dataset of 143 patients from the ISLES 2024 challenge. The results reveal a Dice score of 0.20, an absolute volume difference of 17 ml, a mean lesion count difference of 19, and a lesion-wise F1-Score of 0.02, underscoring both the potential and challenges of directly utilizing 4D CTP data for final infarct prediction. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Behavior-Based Control with Learning from Demonstration for Path Following Applied to Mobile Robots Soccer

Behavior-Based Control with Learning from Demonstration for ...

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IEEE Latin American Robotics Symposium, LARS

作者： Matheus de S. Luiz M. A. Pastrana Guilherme Achilles de Oliveira e Aguiar R. B. Costa Luiz F. Rodrigues e Silva Faculty of Gama Electronics Engineering Undergraduate Program Department of Mechanical Engineering Mechatronics Graduate Program Faculty of Technology Mechatronics Engineering Undergraduate Program Faculty of Gama Aerospace Engineering Undergraduate Program University of Brasilia Brasilia DF Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9798331508807

ISBN: (纸本)9798331508814

Learning from Demonstration (LfD) enables robots to learn new tasks through an imitation process. This methodology can be combined with Behavior-Based Control (BBC), which facilitates the abstraction of behaviors for the robot by dividing them into micro-behaviors. These can be implemented using Artificial Neural Networks trained by bio-inspired algorithms. In this work, a novel methodology based on the LfD and BBC methods is proposed for controlling soccer robots, specifically for the Very Small Size Soccer (VSSS) category, which demands quick and dynamic responses. Simulations using CoppeliaSim were conducted to demonstrate how the proposed methodology can be used for path planning and path-following problems in the IEEE VSSS category.

关键词： Measurement Training Heuristic algorithms Artificial neural networks Turning Robustness Path planning Robots Optimization Sports

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Design and Construction of a Low-Cost Combat Robot

Design and Construction of a Low-Cost Combat Robot

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2024 Brazilian Symposium on Robotics (SBR), and 2024 Workshop on Robotics in Education (WRE)

作者： R. B. Costa G. Itacaramby J. Cabral M. A. Pastrana J. M. Peñaloza Daniel M. Muñoz Faculty of Gama Automotive Engineering Undergraduate Program Faculty of Gama Aerospace Engineering Undergraduate Program Faculty of Gama Software Engineering Undergraduate Program University of Brasilia Brasilia DF Brazil Department of Mechanical Engineering Mechatronics Graduate Program

ISBN: (数字)9798350391084

ISBN: (纸本)9798350391091

This paper presents the design and construction of a low-cost combat robot named Artemis, developed for participation in the Robocore Experience 2024 competition. The project emphasizes the integration of cost-effective components and innovative methodologies to create a competitive robot. The ESP32 microcontroller was selected for its advantages in energy efficiency and connectivity, surpassing traditional platforms like Arduino. The construction process involved several phases, including planning, development, testing, correction, and performance evaluation, utilizing tools such as CAD software for design and 3D printing for fabrication. Key components included a DC motor, L298N H-bridge, and a LiPo battery, all chosen to optimize performance while adhering to budget constraints. The robot's design evolved through iterative testing and adjustments, ultimately leading to a successful competition debut. This work highlights the importance of resourcefulness and collaboration in robotics, showcasing how educational institutions can foster innovation in engineering projects.

关键词： Technological innovation Microcontrollers Weapons Switches Three-dimensional printing Solids Software Time factors Robots Testing

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