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International Conference on Microtechnologies in Medicine and Biology

作者： Young-Min Kim Woo-Seung Kim Sang-Hoon Lee Ju-Yeoul Baek Graduate School of Mech Engineering Hanyang University Seoul South Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering Hanyang University Ansan Kyunggi South Korea Institute of Biomedical Engineering Dankook University Cheonan South Korea

Fundamental understanding of liquid flow through microchannels is important to the design and optimization of microfluidic devices. The objective of the current study is to experimentally investigate the effects of surface roughness on the flow characteristics in rectangular PDMS microchannel with a hydraulic diameter ranging from 66.67 to 200 /spl mu/m. The experimental results are compared with the predictions from the conventional laminar flow theory. A significant difference between the experimental data and the theoretical predictions is found. Experimental results indicate that the pressure gradient and flow friction in microchannels are higher than those from the conventional laminar flow theory. This may be attributed to the fact that there exists the effect of surface roughness of the microchannels. The present results with a surface roughness model are compared with the experimental results to examine the validity of the model. It is found that there is a good agreement between the experimental data and the numerical predictions with a surface roughness model.

关键词： Rough surfaces Surface roughness Microchannel Fluid flow Microfluidics Design optimization Hydraulic diameter Friction Transducers Data acquisition

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Innovative graduate program in computational science and engineering

Innovative graduate program in computational science and eng...

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2005 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition: The Changing Landscape of engineering and Technology Education in a Global World

作者： Kelkar, Ajit D. Mohan, Ram Tang, Guoqing Radhakrishnan, N. Murray, Kenneth Computational Science and Engineering Program North Carolina A and T State University Greensboro NC 27411 United States Computational Science and Engineering Program United States Department of Mechanical Engineering North Carolina A and T State University United States Department of Mathematics North Carolina A and T State University United States Research and Economic Development North Carolina A and T State University United States Graduate School Academic Affairs North Carolina A and T State University United States North Carolina A and T State University United States

North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University (NCA&T) has established a master's degree program in Computational Science and engineering (CSE). The CSE master's program would have three tracks with a focus on computational science, but distinguish across the domain areas of specialization. The goal of the track is to produce biological and life scientists, business professionals and economists and agricultural scientists with focus and expertise in computational sciences and the primary domain areas.

关键词： Curricula

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Dead zone distributions in selectin-mediated interactions

Dead zone distributions in selectin-mediated interactions

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2005 Summer Bioengineering Conference

作者： Sarangapani, Krishna K. Marshall, Bryan T. McEver, Rodger P. Zhu, Cheng Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 United States Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 United States Aderans Research Institute Atlanta GA 30332 United States Cardiovascular Biology Research Program Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation United States Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Oklahoma Center for Medical Glycobiology University of Oklahoma Oklahoma City OK 73104 United States

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New memory model for humanoid robots - introduction of co-associative memory using mutually coupled chaotic neural networks

New memory model for humanoid robots - introduction of co-as...

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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： K. Itoh H. Miwa Y. Nukariya M. Zecca H. Takanobu P. Dario A. Takanishi Department of Mechanical Engineering Waseda University Tokyo Japan Institute for Biomedical Engineering Waseda University Tokyo Japan Graduate School of Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo Japan Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna ARTS Laboratory Pontedera Italy Humanoid Robotics Institute Waseda University Tokyo Japan Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering KOGAKUIN University Tokyo Japan

Personal robots, which are expected to become popular in the future, are required to be active in joint work and community life with humans. Therefore, we have been developing new mechanisms and functions for a humanoid robot that has the ability to express emotions and to communicate with humans in a human-like manner. In 2004, we introduced the "Behavior Model" and "Consciousness Model" to the robot mental model so that the robot generated various kinds of behavior and an object of the robot's behavior became clear. We implemented the mental model in the emotion expression humanoid robot WE-4RII (Waseda Eye No.4 Refined II). Also, we have been studying a system of multiple harmonic oscillators (neurons) interacting via chaotic force since 2002. Each harmonic oscillator is driven by chaotic force whose bifurcation parameter is modulated by the position of the harmonic oscillator. In this paper, we propose an associative memory model using mutually coupled chaotic neural networks for generating an optimum behavior to a stimulus. We implemented this model in the emotional expression humanoid robot WE-4RII (Waseda Eye No.4 Refined II).

关键词： Humanoid robots Mutual coupling Chaos Neural networks Chaotic communication Oscillators Humans Cognitive science Neurons Bifurcation

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Spontaneous formation of hydrophilic surface with anti-adhesive property to biomolecules - Effect of blend ratio

Spontaneous formation of hydrophilic surface with anti-adhes...

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54th SPSJ Annual Meeting 2005

作者： Oyane, Ayako Yokoyama, Hideaki Uchida, Masaki Ishizone, Takashi Furukawa, Katsuko Ushida, Takashi Tateishi, Tetsuya Nanotechnology Research Institute National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Central 5 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba 305-8565 Japan Institute for Human Science and Biomedical Engineering National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Central 6 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba 305-8566 Japan Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8552 Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering Graduate School of Engineering University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Biomaterials Center National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba 305-0044 Japan

We have previously shown that a block copolymer (PS-PME3MA) of polystyrene (PS) and 2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy) ethoxy]ethy1 methacrylate (PME3MA) exhibits good blood compatibility. It was found in the present study that PS-PME3MA blended with PS exhibited good blood compatibility analogous to pure PS-PME3MA even at the low PS-PME3MA concentration. This is because the water soluble PME3MA block is localized at the surface even in a blend of PS-PME3MA and PS, and the resultant hydrophilic surface effectively suppresses protein adsorption, cell and platelet adhesion via Brownian movement of the PME3MA block. In conclusion, PS-PME3MA and its blends with PS have great potential as blood-contacting biomaterials.

关键词： Surfaces

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Reconfigurable protein matrices for prolonged neuroblasts patterning and retraction

Reconfigurable protein matrices for prolonged neuroblasts pa...

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International Conference on Microtechnologies in Medicine and Biology

作者： X. Zhu K.L. Mills P.R. Peters K. Naruse M.E. Csete M.D. Thouless S. Takayama Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA Department of Physiology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan Department of Anesthesiology Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

Here we present long-term patterning and response studies of neuroblasts on arrays of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein lines fabricated by cracking a polymer-supported thin film and selectively depositing proteins inside the cracks. Neuroblasts cultured for five days on the protein matrix switched between spreading and retraction upon changing the protein line width. This technique provides a novel tool to pursue further understanding of the basic mechanisms of neuroblast pathfinding on adhesion and morphology. biomedical device design will also benefit from materials engineered with the reconfigurable protein patterns.

关键词： Protein engineering Polymer films Extracellular Electrochemical machining Sputtering Adhesives Morphology Biological materials biomedical materials biomedical engineering

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Comparing adaptation of constrained and unconstrained movements in three dimensions

Comparing adaptation of constrained and unconstrained moveme...

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IEEE International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics (ICORR)

作者： C. Scharver J. Patton R. Kenyon E. Kersten Sensory Motor Performance Program Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago Chicago IL USA Robotics Laboratory Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago Chicago IL USA Department of Computer Science University of Illinois Chicago IL USA Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program University of Wisconsin Madison WI USA

This paper describes targeted reaching experiments conducted using a new augmented reality system. Combining a large-workspace immersive virtual environment with physical force feedback, the system distorted subjects' movements using a viscous curl force field. Following previous experiments using a different robot, half the subjects were constrained to horizontal, planar movements. The remaining subjects performed unconstrained movements throughout the 3D workspace. Examining after-effects as an indication of learning, we found that constrained subjects learned the force field. However, it was difficult to detect whether the unconstrained subjects learned forces of identical magnitude. Our results found that force fields strengths eliciting constrained 2D adaptation have difficulty exhibiting after-effects for unconstrained 3D movements. The increased motor variability for 3D reaching movements requires consideration for future experimental design.

关键词： Rehabilitation robotics Robot sensing systems Nonlinear distortion Force feedback Displays Laboratories Augmented reality Virtual environment Design for experiments Haptic interfaces

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Behavior model of humanoid robots based on operant conditioning

Behavior model of humanoid robots based on operant condition...

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IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots

作者： K. Itoh H. Miwa M. Matsumoto M. Zecca H. Takanobu S. Roccella M.C. Carrozza P. Dario A. Takanishi Department of Mechanical Engineering Waseda University Tokyo Japan Institute for Biomedical Engineering ASMew Waseda University Tokyo Japan Digital Human Research Center National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tokyo Japan Graduate School of Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo Japan Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna ARTS Laboratory Pontedera Italy Humanoid Robotics Institute (HRI) Waseda University Tokyo Japan Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering Kogakuin University Tokyo Japan Advanced Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University Shinjuku Tokyo Japan

Personal robots, which are expected to become popular in the near future, are required to be active in work and community life alongside humans. Therefore, we have been developing new mechanisms and functions in order to realize natural bilateral interaction by expressing emotions, behaviors and personality in a human-like manner. We have proposed a mental model with emotion, mood, personality and needs. However, the robot behavior was very simple since the robot shows just a single kind of behavior in response to a robot mental state. In this paper, we present a new behavior model for humanoid robots based on operant conditioning, which is a well-known psychological behavior model. We implemented this new behavior model into the emotion expression humanoid robot WE-4RII (Waseda Eye No.4 Refined II), developed in 2004. Through the experimental evaluations, we confirmed that the robot with the new behavior model could autonomously select suitable behavior for the situation within a predefined behavior list

关键词： Humanoid robots Robot kinematics Humans Service robots biomedical engineering Cognitive science Psychology Orbital robotics Mood Robotic assembly

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Molecular Delivery into a Lipid Bilayer with a Single Shock Waves Using Molecular Dynamic Simulation

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2005年第1期754卷 104-106页

作者： Kenichiro Koshiyama Tetsuya Kodama Michael R. Hamblin Apostolos G. Doukas Takeru Yano Shigeo Fujikawa 1Division of Mechanical Science Graduate School of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo 060‐8628Japan 2Biomedical Engineering Research Organization Tohoku University 2‐1 Seiryo‐machi Aoba‐ku Sendai 980‐9575 Japan 3Wellman Center for Photomedicine Department of Dermatology Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School 50 Blossom Street Boston MA02114

Cell permeabilization by shock waves may have application in gene therapy and anticancer drug delivery. In the present study we performed direct molecular dynamic (MD) simulation of the interaction of a single shock wave with a cell membrane to investigate the mechanism of the cell permeabilization. The shock wave was characterized by an impulse that was expressed with a velocity determined by the change in the momentum. The cell membrane was designed as a dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) lipid bilayer placed between two layers of water molecules. The MD simulation determined the relationship between water penetration into the bilayer, the order parameter, the fluidity of each lipid molecule, and the intensity of impulse. These structural changes in the bilayer may be an important factor in the use of shock waves to produce transient membrane permeability.

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Development and application of functional databases for planning deep-brain neurosurgical procedures

Development and application of functional databases for plan...

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8th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention - MICCAI 2005

作者： Guo, Ting Finnis, Kirk W. Parrent, Andrew G. Peters, Terry M. Robarts Research Institute University of Western Ontario London Ont. N6A 5K8 Canada London Health Sciences Centre Department of Neurosurgery London Ont. N6A 5K8 Canada Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program University of Western Ontario London Ont. N6A 5B9 Canada Atamai Inc. London Ont. N6B 2R4 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)3540293272

This work presents the development and application of a visualization and navigation system for planning deep-brain neurosurgeries. This system, which incorporates a digitized and segmented brain atlas, an electrophysiological database, and collections of final surgical targets of previous patients, provides assistance for non-rigid registration, navigation, and reconstruction of clinical image data. The fusion of standardized anatomical and functional data, once registered to individual patient images, facilitates the delineation of surgical targets. Our preliminary studies compared the target locations identified by a non-expert using this system with those located by an experienced neurosurgeon using, regular technique on 8 patients who had undergone subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep-brain stimulations (DBS). The average displacement between the surgical target locations in both groups was 0.58mm±0.49mm, 0.70mm±0.37mm, and 0.69mm±0.34mm in x, y, and z directions respectively, indicating the capability of accurate surgical target initiation of our system, which has also shown promise in planning and guidance for other stereotactic deep-brain neurosurgical procedures. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005.

关键词： Neurosurgery

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