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Effects of Surface Roughness and Maximum Load on the mechanical Properties of Cancellous Bone Measured by Nanoindentation

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MRS Online Proceedings Library 2004年第1期823卷 W8.5.1-W8.5.6页

作者： Donnelly, Eve Baker, Shefford P. Boskey, Adele L. van der Meulen, Marjolein C. H. Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Cornell University Ithaca USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Cornell University Ithaca USA Musculoskeletal Integrity Program Hospital for Special Surgery New York USA Department of Biochemistry Weill Medical College of Cornell University New York USA Graduate Program in Physiology Biophysics and Systems Biology Weill Medical College of Cornell University New York USA

Nanoindentation was used to assess the mechanical properties of lamellar and interlamellar tissue in dehydrated rabbit cancellous bone. The effects of surface roughness and maximum nanoindentation load on the measured mechanical properties were examined in two samples of differing surface roughness using maximum loads ranging from 250-3000 μN. As the ratio of indentation depth to surface roughness decreased below approximately 3:1, the variability in material properties increased substantially. At low loads, the indentation modulus of the lamellar bone was approximately 20% greater than that of the interlamellar bone, while at high loads the measured properties of both layers converged to an intermediate value. Relatively shallow indentations made on smooth surfaces revealed significant differences in the properties of lamellar and interlamellar bone that are consistent with microstructural observations of lamellar bone as more mineralized than interlamellar bone.

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The use of asynchronous Web modules for review and just-in-time learning of mechanics

The use of asynchronous Web modules for review and just-in-t...

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2003 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition: Staying in Tune with engineering Education

作者： Wasserman, Jack Bennett, Richard Boulet, Toby Iannelli, Joe Jendrucko, Richard Lumsdaine, Arnold Logsdon, Doug University of Tennessee Knoxville Department of Mechanical Engineering Department of Civil Engineering Freshman Engage Program College of Engineering Department of Biomedical Engineering

The development of asynchronous web modules for learning and understanding mechanics, is discussed. The modules covers special topics in Statics, Particle Dynamics, Rigid Body Dynamics and Strength of Materials. Each module contains a set of learning object (LO), based on the survey of the departmental faculty. The combination of learning styles and maturity results in a wide diversity of fundamental understanding in upper division students.

关键词： Learning systems

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Computed synovial fluid flow in a simple knee joint model

Computed synovial fluid flow in a simple knee joint model

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4th ASME/JSME Joint Fluids engineering Conference

作者： Pekkan, Kerem Nalim, Razi Yokota, Hiroki Mechanical Engineering Department Purdue Sch. of Eng. and Technology Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis United States Biomedical Engineering Program Purdue Sch. of Eng. and Technology Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis United States Cardiovasc. Fluid Mech. Laboratory Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta United States

ISBN: (纸本)0791836967

Prediction of shear stress induced by the fluid flow on knee joint cells is the main aim of this study. Oscillatory flow of a Newtonian synovial fluid is examined in two-dimensional joint geometries. The experimental model is a fluid driven shear loader test rig, which features a finite plate oscillating at 1Hz, that is 1mm over a stationary cell culture surface. Oscillating Couette flow in the thin gap is generated by the finite span plate. An incompressible two-dimensional transient and laminar CFD model is developed using the STAR-CD® code. The infinite oscillating plate Couette flow solutions (Stoke's Second Problem with a finite gap) are reviewed and used in the grid sensitivity and validation tests of the computational finite oscillating plate model. The resulting flow features and vorticity convection are discussed and shear stress induced on the stationary plate due to an oscillating finite plate is compared with its infinite counterpart. As an extension, the effect of articular cartilage curvature is studied in a topologically equivalent model with and without menisci.

关键词： Flow of fluids

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A new diagnostic method for detecting neuropathic diabetic foot by photo-plethysmography

A new diagnostic method for detecting neuropathic diabetic f...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Deok Won Kim Chang Ryong Ryu Soo Chan Kim Ki Chang Nam Department of Medical Engineering College of Medicine Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering Yonsei University Seoul South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)0780377893

Although nerve conduction velocity (NCV) has been routinely used in diabetic clinics to diagnose diabetic neuropathy, some patients experience considerable pain as a result of the strong electrical stimuli applied, and the method takes about half an hour. It is known that blood flow to the toes is increased in diabetic neuropathy while that to the fingers is little affected. Therefore, the blood flow ratio of the toes to the fingers is suggested as a new diagnostic parameter in diabetic neuropathy by simple photo-plethysmography (PPG). Subjects were allocated to these three groups by NCV tests. There were no significant differences in PPG blood flow ratio between the control group and the diabetic nonneuropathic group (left: p=0.093, right: p=0.888). However, the ratio in the diabetic neuropathic group was significantly higher than in the diabetic nonneuropathic group (left: p=0.000, right: p=0.007) and in the control group (left: p=0.001, right: p=0.000). The threshold ratios between the control and neuropathic group were calculated to be 0.53 for the right side by LMS (least mean square) with a sensitivity and specificity of 72.7% and 71.8%, respectively.

关键词： Diabetes Foot Blood flow Fingers Medical diagnostic imaging biomedical engineering Pain Testing Extremities Pulse amplifiers

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A home-based bedside monitoring system of ECG via bluetooth protocol

A home-based bedside monitoring system of ECG via bluetooth ...

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IEEE EMBS Asian-Pacific Conference on biomedical engineering 2003, APBME 2003

作者： Seo, Jin Woo Ryu, Myung Suk Park, Kwang Suk Jeong, Do-Un Interdisciplinary Program-Biomedical Engineering Major Graduate School Seoul National University Korea Republic of Advanced Biometric Research Center Seoul National University Korea Republic of Department of Biomedical Engineering Seoul National University College of Medicine Korea Republic of Dept. of Psychiatry Div. of Sleep Studies Seoul Nat'l Univ. College of Medicine and Hospital Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)0780379438

Despite that ECG(electrocardiogram) provides substantial amount of information about a monitored patient, it has limitations when monitored remotely. In order to overcome long wire and channel interference problems of monitoring, wc used a certified Bluetooth Protocol and developed a home-based bedside ECG monitoring system. Bluetooth Protocol enabled the real-time transfer of ECG data via wireless communication with display and storage on PC(pcrsonal computer). We wore also able to retransmit the stored data to other site via TCP/IP. This system has clinical utility for unconstrained monitoring of ECG at bedside not only at home but also in hospital settings. © 2003 IEEE.

关键词： Electrocardiograms

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Employing Recurrent Artificial Neural Networks for Developing Baselines for Proactive Network Management

Employing Recurrent Artificial Neural Networks for Developin...

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Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference on Neural Networks and Computational Intelligence

作者： De Franceschi, A.S.M. De Moraes, R.A. Barreto, J.M. Roisenberg, M. Univ. Federal de Santa Catarina Elec. Engineering Graduate Program Biomedical Engineering Institute Florianópolis- Santa Catarina Brazil Universidade do Planalto Catarinense Exact Sci./Technological Department Computer Network Research Group Lages - Santa Catarina Brazil Univ. Federal de Santa Catarina Conexionism/Cognitive Sciences - L3C Florianópolis- Santa Catarina Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)0889863474

This work presents a methodology to develop autonomous agents for network management. There are two kinds of agents to develop: static or dynamic agents. The first one can be implemented;using heuristics obtained from an expert or the network administrator, through production rules or feed forward neural networks (NN). Using the network examples we can construct dynamic agents. The NN may be trained to solve a problem using some examples. Moreover, the behavior of the management must be considered, the network management may be reactive or proactive. Normally, we have the reactive behavior when the problem occurs and after we will search for a solution. We may see in diagnostic or troubleticket systems for Fault Management. On the contrary, the proactive behavior is a preventive control of the network. We divided the network management in the five functional areas proposed by OSI Model Reference. Thus, each area has a different intelligent solution.

关键词： Feedforward neural networks

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Heat transfer regulation in a rectangular enclosure using a rotating plate

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Heat Transfer - Asian Research 2003年第4期32卷 342-353页

作者： Kimura, Teruo Takeuchi, Masanori Nagai, Niroh Kataoka, Yoshiaki Yoshida, Tetsuya Graduate Program of Adv. Fibro-Sci. Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki Sakyoku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering Fukui University Fukui-shi Fukui-ken 910 Japan

The effects of an inner rotating plate with horizontal axis on the heat transfer in a differentially heated vertical enclosure were investigated experimentally. The aspect ratio of the enclosure height/width was 1 throughout the experiments. An acrylic plate with a small thermal conductivity was installed horizontally at the center of the square enclosure, and was rotated at various speeds for normal and reverse rotations by using the motor attached outside of the enclosure. Purified water was used as the working fluid. The flow pattern was sketched by a visualization experiment using aluminum powder. The heat transfer results were also compared with those from a previous paper on a rotating cylinder. It is clarified here that the heat transfer rate of the enclosure depends largely on the parameter Grw/Re2w, and is characterized by three regions. The heat transfer rate of the enclosure with a rotating plate is somewhat larger than that of a rotating cylinder in the forced convection region. The rotating plate used here will be useful for regulation of wide-ranging heat transfer. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 32(4): 342-353, 2003;Published online in Wiley InterScience (***).

关键词： Heat transfer

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In vitro calcification of UHMWPE/PU composite membrane

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Materials Science and engineering C 2002年第1-2期20卷 149-152页

作者： Tang, Z.G. Teoh, S.H. McFarlane, W. Poole-Warren, L.A. Umezu, M. Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering University of New South Wales Australia Department of Mechanical Engineering Waseda University Japan

Polyurethane composite made from biaxially drawn ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (BDUHMWPE) is likely an alternative for polyurethane currently being plagued for medical applications. In this study, an in vitro calcification protocol was used to determine the relative resistance to calcification of the composite membranes. The results demonstrated that the composite membranes were susceptible to extrinsic calcification that was closely related to the matrix polyurethane material used. The calcification of the composite was different from that of the solution cast polyurethane membranes. The incorporation of hydrophobic reinforcement BDUHMWPE effectively postponed the calcification. The differences of calcification between composite and polyurethane were greatly due to the differences in surface structures and properties of the as-cast polyurethane. © 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.

关键词： Polymeric membranes

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A learning algorithm for computational connected cellular network 9

A learning algorithm for computational connected cellular ne...

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9th International Conference on Neural Information Processing, ICONIP 2002

作者： Mi, Li Yuan Basu, M. Fritton, S. Cowin, S. Department of Electrical Engineering New York Center for Biomedical Engineering City College Graduate Center of City University of New York New YorkNY10031 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering New York Center for Biomedical Engineering City College Graduate Center of City University of New York New YorkNY10031 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9810475241

The objective of computational connected cellular network (CCCN) is to model a network of bone cells and study the mechanical loading induced signal communication pattern among them. Our previous study (2000, 2001) has shown that a backpropagation (BP) neural network model can be used to capture the functional relation between the mechanical loading and the amount of bone formation. To emulate the cell-to-cell communication pattern in bone matrix, a new computational connected cellular network (CCCN) learning system has been developed with a structure that closely mimics the actual biological structure of cell-connections in a bone. An error-correcting learning algorithm is proposed for CCCN based on a two-dimensional extension of the backpropagation algorithm. The CCCN is divided into numerous BP networks, whose architecture changes with weights and cell-state updating cycles. The conventional BP learning algorithm can be applied to each BP network. It is convergent because of the constraints enforced by the characteristics of a real bone cell. Application of the CCCN to an animal bone adaptation experiment produces interesting cell communication patterns. © 2002 Nanyang Technological University.

关键词： Learning algorithms

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Dynamic stability of contact slider over practical disk surface

Dynamic stability of contact slider over practical disk surf...

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Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference 2002, APMRC 2002

作者： Park, Kyoung-Su Chun, Jeong-Il Park, Young-Pil Park, No-Cheol Mechanical Engineering Department Yonsei University Seoul120-749 Korea Republic of Graduate Program in Information Storage Engineering Yonsei University Seoul120-749 Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)0780375092

As the contact slider system has a high area density, this system will be used in future high performance drives. So the dynamic characteristic research for this system is an important issue. The contact slider system is modeled as 2-DOF mathematical model. When slider contacts on disk surface, simulation is performed with contact governing equation. The formula for contact is derived by numerically Green's function of a semi-infinite elastic body over the contact surface. Otherwise, when the slider flies over disk surface, the analysis is carried out with flying governing equation. Disk surface is composed by the practical disk amplitude with SPM (scanning probe microscopy). Through this model, the flying stability of contact slider are investigated for various parameters. © 2002 IEEE.

关键词： Scanning probe microscopy

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