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arXiv 2024年

作者： Schaffer, Saul Pamu, Hima Hrithik Webster-Wood, Victoria A. Mechanical Engineering Department Carnegie Mellon University United States Mechanical Engineering Department Biomedical Engineering Department McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine Robotics Institute Carnegie Mellon University United States

Animals can accomplish many incredible behavioral feats across a wide range of operational environments and scales that current robots struggle to match. One explanation for this performance gap is the extraordinary properties of the biological materials that comprise animals, such as muscle tissue. Using living muscle tissue as an actuator can endow robotic systems with highly desirable properties such as self-healing, compliance, and biocompatibility. Unlike traditional soft robotic actuators, living muscle biohybrid actuators exhibit unique adaptability, growing stronger with use. The dependency of a muscle’s force output on its use history endows muscular organisms the ability to dynamically adapt to their environment, getting better at tasks over time. While muscle adaptability is a benefit to muscular organisms, it currently presents a challenge for biohybrid researchers: how does one design and control a robot whose actuators’ force output changes over time? Here, we incorporate muscle adaptability into a many-muscle biohybrid robot design and modeling tool, leveraging reinforcement learning as both a co-design partner and system controller. As a controller, our learning agents coordinated the independent contraction of 42 muscles distributed on a lattice worm structure to successfully steer it towards eight distinct targets while incorporating muscle adaptability. As a co-design tool, our agents enable users to identify which muscles are important to accomplishing a given task. Our results show that adaptive agents outperform non-adaptive agents in terms of maximum rewards and training time. Together, these contributions can both enable the elucidation of muscle actuator adaptation and inform the design and modeling of adaptive, performant, many-muscle robots. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Biocompatibility

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Effect of Ultrasound-Induced Temperature on the Dynamics of the Hodgkin-Huxley Neuron

Effect of Ultrasound-Induced Temperature on the Dynamics of ...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Heba Badawe Jean Paul Harouz Massoud Khraiche Biomedical Engineering Department American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon Mechanical Engineering Department American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon

ISBN: (数字)9798350371499

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371505

Recent studies demonstrate that low intensity, low frequency ultrasound is capable of modulating neural activity in a non-invasive and highly specific manner. We tailored the classical Hodgkin and Huxley (HH) model by incorporating the flexoelectric effect caused by the ultrasound-induced strain gradient across the neural lipid bilayer membrane, along with Pennes bioheat model to account for the thermal energy generated due to extended ultrasound sonication. Our modified model successfully captured the increase in axonal temperature with the increase in ultrasound sonication, reaching the critical "thermal block" after 4 minutes of sonication. The model predicted an increase in the firing rate while suppressing the action potential peak-to-peak voltage. Our study indicates that extended ultrasound sonication generates sufficient heat to generate an inhibitory response.

关键词： Temperature sensors Ultrasonic imaging Temperature Firing Biological system modeling Neurons Neural activity Voltage Thermal energy Strain

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Design of Wireless Based Telemonitoring System with biomedical Sensor 5

Design of Wireless Based Telemonitoring System with Biomedic...

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5th IEEE International Conference on Electro-Computing Technologies for Humanity, NIGERCON 2024

作者： Ogunsanya, A.O. Daramola, D.O. Ogunbiyi, O.O. Sojobi, J.W. Oladijo, Y.T. Ajayi, S.T. Bells University of Technology Department of Biomedical Engineering Ota Nigeria Bells University of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Ota Nigeria

ISBN: (纸本)9798331542559

Patient surveillance is critical in-order to decrease and/or avoid the spread of the chronic conditions. Although effective, the traditional healthcare systems of patient monitoring are limited, making it difficult for ambulatory patient seek medical care and have their physiological parameters evaluated. Advent of wireless technology and advancements in on-body sensor design have enabled a shift in the traditional health-care system. Thereby, allowing smart healthcare systems to take its place. This paper aims to describe the design and development of wireless based telemonitoring system with biomedical sensors for vulnerable individuals. Non-invasive biomedical sensors, signal condition system, Internet of Things (IoT), radio frequency module (RF) was used to implement the design. The sensors were used to collect physiological parameters before transferring over the hybrid transmission medium. Thing-Speak and graphic user interface (GUI) were used to display the results. The system design was successfully deployed, with efficient transmission of patient data with an average accuracy of 99.06%. The hybrid wireless monitoring system can give continuous physiological data as well as more detailed information about an individual's overall health. Hybrid wireless physiological parameter monitoring system has the potential of enhancing the quality of life of disease management individuals and lower healthcare expenditures. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Noninvasive medical procedures

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Design and Analysis of a Vertical Electric Ducted Fan for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles 7

Design and Analysis of a Vertical Electric Ducted Fan for Un...

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2023 7th International Conference on mechanical, Aeronautical and Automotive engineering, ICMAA 2023

作者： Shiau, Y.R. Fang, J. Huang, Y.C. Department of Industrial Engineering and Systems Management Feng Chia University Taichung407 Taiwan Department of Aerospace and Systems Engineering Feng Chia University Taichung407 Taiwan Ph.D. Program of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering Feng Chia University Taichung407 Taiwan

Several types of multirotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are widely used in various industrial activities. UAVs with electric ducted fans (EDFs) have been developed to mitigate the risks associated with rotary blades, which are installed on the exterior structure of conventional UAVs and exposed to the ambient environment. Particularly, vertical EDFs have become a focus in the field of UAV design because they require less space for the flow channel compared with horizontal EDFs. In this study, a vertical EDF UAV model was developed. Structural and flow field analysis was performed in Ansys software to determine the optimal design configuration. The results confirmed that the designed model facilitated smooth air flow with favorable inlet and outlet velocity. The vehicle structure required minor adjustment to reduce the frequency of occurrence of vortices. Overall, this study made two research contributions. First, an EDF UAV model was developed to mitigate the risk of rotary blades being exposed to the ambient environment. Second, a vertical EDF system was proposed to reduce the flow channel space and maintain the outlet velocity, thereby improving the takeoff, landing, and thrust performance of UAVs. © 2023 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Channel flow

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Thermal Performance Comparison of an Adjustable Air Amplifier with Rotary Fans

Thermal Performance Comparison of an Adjustable Air Amplifie...

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International Workshop on Thermal Investigation of ICs and Systems (THERMINIC)

作者： David W. Salter Eoin H. Oude Essink Gordon O’Brien Tim Persoons Sajad Alimohammadi School of Mechanical Engineering Technological University Dublin Dublin Ireland Department of Mechanical Manufacturing & Biomedical Engineering Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland

ISBN: (数字)9798350387827

ISBN: (纸本)9798350387834

This paper details an experimental investigation of the cooling capability of a novel air amplifier in direct comparison to traditional rotary fans for data centre server cooling applications. A heated foil is placed in a polycarbonate flow channel designed to replicate the dimensions of an Intel S2600TP blade server. An IR camera monitors the thermal behaviour from underneath the foil for cooling experiments involving Coandă flow from the air amplifier and turbulent flow from the fans. Results show that the air amplifier produced higher average heat transfer coefficients particularly for higher flow rates (64 W/m 2 K) where the device’s cooling performance doubled that achieved by the fans (29 W/m 2 K) for the same outlet flow rates. The air amplifier also outperformed the fans based on theoretical input power, again achieving higher average heat transfer coefficients. This study highlights the potential for the air amplifier in data centre cooling applications to reduce costs and eliminate waste.

关键词： Performance evaluation Heating systems Fans Data centers Costs Cooling Servers Waste heat Heat transfer Monitoring

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Electrostatic atomization minimum quantity lubrication machining:from mechanism to application

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2022年第4期4卷 58-100页

作者： Wenhao Xu Changhe Li Yanbin Zhang Hafiz Muhammad Ali Shubham Sharma Runze Li Min Yang Teng Gao Mingzheng Liu Xiaoming Wang Zafar Said Xin Liu Zongming Zhou School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Qingdao University of TechnologyQingdao 266520People's Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Ultra-Precision Machining Technology Department of Industrial and Systems EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongPeople's Republic of China Mechanical Engineering Department King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahran 31261Saudi Arabia Department of Mechanical Engineering IK Gujral Punjab Technical UniversityPunjab 144603India Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089-1111United States of America College of Engineering University of SharjahSharjah 27272United Arab Emirates School of Mechanical Engineering Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024People's Republic of China Hanergy(Qingdao)Lubrication Technology Co.LTD Qingdao 266520People's Republic of China

Metal cutting fluids(MCFs)under flood conditions do not meet the urgent needs of reducing carbon ***-based minimum quantity lubrication(MQL)is an effective alternative to flood ***,pneumatic atomization MQL has poor atomization properties,which is detrimental to occupational ***,electrostatic atomization MQL requires preliminary exploratory ***,systematic reviews are lacking in terms of capturing the current research status and development direction of this *** study aims to provide a comprehensive review and critical assessment of the existing understanding of electrostatic atomization *** research can be used by scientists to gain insights into the action mechanism,theoretical basis,machining performance,and development direction of this ***,the critical equipment,eco-friendly atomization media(biolubricants),and empowering mechanisms of electrostatic atomization MQL are ***,the advanced lubrication and heat transfer mechanisms of biolubricants are revealed by quantitatively comparing MQL with MCF-based wet ***,the distinctive wetting and infiltration mechanisms of electrostatic atomization MQL,combined with its unique empowering mechanism and atomization method,are compared with those of pneumatic atomization *** experiments have shown that electrostatic atomization MQL can reduce tool wear by 42.4%in metal cutting and improve the machined surface Ra by 47%compared with pneumatic atomization ***,future development directions,including the improvement of the coordination parameters and equipment integration aspects,are proposed.

关键词： cutting grinding minimum quantity lubrication electrostatic atomization biolubricant

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Differentiating structure of in situ and ex situ formation of laser-induced graphene hybrids

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Rare Metals 2022年第9期41卷 3035-3044页

作者： Li-Bei Huang Wei-Hua Guo Le Cheng Jian-Jun Su Yun Song Fei-Jun Hu Ying Lo Law Zheng Yan Jian Lin Ru-Quan Ye State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution Department of ChemistryCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of MissouriColumbiaMO65211USA Department of Biomedical Biological&Chemical EngineeringUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO65211USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of MissouriColumbiaMO65211USA City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen518057China

Laser-induced graphene(LIG)has been exploited in various fields,such as batteries,water treatment,and flexible actuators and sensors,with the advantages of ease in patternable fabrication and graphene/metal hybrid *** in situ method which includes a single lase step and the ex situ method which uses two lase steps are both widely implemented to synthesize graphene/metal ***,the differences in the structures and properties of the resulting hybrids are not fully ***,we investigate the advantages of ex situ and in situ methods for preparing LIG hybrids using NiFe/LIG as an *** morphology,elemental composition,resistance to strong acid,and application in electrocatalysis and dye adsorption of ex situ and in situ NiFe/LIG hybrids were systematically studied and ***-dispersive X-ray spectrometry(EDS)and vibrating sample magnetometry(VSM)results confirmed the structural differences between the NiFe/LIG *** nanoparticles are mostly wrapped by carbon layers in the in situ NiFe/LIG hybrid,while the ex situ NiFe/LIG hybrid largely exposes the metal *** structural differences are significant for tailoring performance in applications,such as wastewater treatment and *** work provides insights into the synthesis and properties of LIGs and has important implications for future applications.

关键词： Ex situ In situ Laser-induced graphene Metal-containing hybrids Oxygen evolution reaction Dye adsorption

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A Soft-Robotic Thumb Orthosis Facilitating Individual Assistance of Thumb Joints

A Soft-Robotic Thumb Orthosis Facilitating Individual Assist...

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IEEE International Conference on Soft Robotics (RoboSoft)

作者： Christina Chase-Markopoulou Anoush Sepehri Tania K. Morimoto Michael T. Tolley Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department of Surgery Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California San Diego CA USA

ISBN: (数字)9798331520205

ISBN: (纸本)9798331520212

Many wearable soft robotic devices have been developed to assist with spasticity – the increased muscle tone seen in individuals with neurological conditions such as stroke or cerebral palsy. However, these devices typically lack the ability to individually assist multiple degrees of freedom (DOF), which is essential to performing a broad range of daily tasks. To address this need, we developed a soft robotic thumb orthosis to achieve movement in three DOF. We focused on the thumb as it performs the most complex movement. Our orthosis used three unfolding textile pneumatic actuators to assist with the extension of the interphalangeal joint, combined extension of the metacarpal and carpometacarpal joints, and abduction of the carpometacarpal joint. The orthosis was tested on both a 3D-printed biomimetic test bed that emulated spasticity and a healthy individual. The orthosis met the full range of motion targets for each joint, except for the abduction of the carpometacarpal joint with medium spasticity, and surpassed the range of motion threshold required for activities of daily living. The orthosis was able to: (1) assist each DOF independently, (2) move the tip of a biomimetic thumb to a pre-determined target with total error of less than 1.5 cm when actuated with open-loop control, and, (3) provide individual joint assistance to a user with no motor impairment. This research showcases the ability of a soft robotic orthosis to assist movement in simulated spasticity of individual thumb joints and provides an important step towards a platform to study whether independent joint assistance during rehabilitation improves patient outcomes.

关键词： Performance evaluation Pneumatic actuators Biomimetics Thumb Spasticity Soft robotics Muscles Motors Motion control Textiles

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Design of Wireless Based Telemonitoring System with biomedical Sensor

Design of Wireless Based Telemonitoring System with Biomedic...

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IEEE International Conference on Emerging & Sustainable Technologies for Power & ICT in a Developing Society (NIGERCON)

作者： A. O. Ogunsanya D. O. Daramola O. O. Ogunbiyi J. W. Sojobi Y. T. Oladijo S. T. Ajayi Department of Biomedical Engineering Bells University of Technology Ota Nigeria Department of Mechanical Engineering Bells University of Technology Ota Nigeria

ISBN: (数字)9798331542559

ISBN: (纸本)9798331542566

关键词： Wireless communication Wireless sensor networks Surveillance Medical services Internet of Things Biosensors Reliability biomedical monitoring System analysis and design Graphical user interfaces

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Smart Driver Monitoring Robotic System to Enhance Road Safety : A Comprehensive Review

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Riya, Farhin Farhad Hoque, Shahinul Zhao, Xiaopeng Sun, Jinyuan Stella Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Tennessee United States Department of Mechanical Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering United States

The future of transportation is being shaped by technology, and one revolutionary step in improving road safety is the incorporation of robotic systems into driver monitoring infrastructure. This literature review explores the current landscape of driver monitoring systems, ranging from traditional physiological parameter monitoring to advanced technologies such as facial recognition to steering analysis. Exploring the challenges faced by existing systems, the review then investigates the integration of robots as intelligent entities within this framework. These robotic systems, equipped with artificial intelligence and sophisticated sensors, not only monitor but actively engage with the driver, addressing cognitive and emotional states in real-time. The synthesis of existing research reveals a dynamic interplay between human and machine, offering promising avenues for innovation in adaptive, personalized, and ethically responsible human-robot interactions for driver monitoring. This review establishes a groundwork for comprehending the intricacies and potential avenues within this dynamic field. It encourages further investigation and advancement at the intersection of human-robot interaction and automotive safety, introducing a novel direction. This involves various sections detailing technological enhancements that can be integrated to propose an innovative and improved driver monitoring system. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Human robot interaction

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