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AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition, AIAA SciTech Forum 2025

作者： Isaacs, Christian Trotsky, Mitchell Thompson, Tyler Samuels, Killian Dove, Drew Kihm, Kenneth Baccarella, Damiano Mechanical Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering Department University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTN37996 United States

ISBN: (数字)9781624107238

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107238

A novel and cost-effective experimental setup for high-temperature material testing and gas-surface interaction characterization is presented. A 3-kW radiative heating laser has been installed and paired with the 500-kW pulsed arcjet tunnel of the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. The Tennessee High Enthalpy Tunnel (TennHET) is a high-enthalpy Mach 6 facility with typical test times of 500 ms. The tunnel is primarily used for fundamental high-temperature gas dynamics research but also for investigating thermal protection materials for hypersonics. The short test time of the facility drastically reduces operating costs, but does not allow the achievement of realistic temperatures at the surface of the material samples or observation of gas-surface interaction phenomena expected in flight. To remove this limitation, a 3-kW heating laser was added to the facility to preheat the material samples before being exposed to the high-enthalpy plasma flow. In this work, a detailed characterization of the beam power and profile was performed, finding a maximum output power of ~2.6 kW at the sample surface. Graphite was chosen as the material for the preliminary testing campaign due to its low cost, good machinability, and abundance of data available in the open literature. Surface temperatures of 700, 900 and 1100◦C were selected as targets for laser preheating in these tests. Infrared pyrometry and thermography were used to monitor the surface temperature of the samples, whereas gas-surface interaction effects were investigated by collecting emission spectra from the surface. © 2025, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.

关键词： Enthalpy

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Upgrade of the University of Tennessee Arcjet Tunnel to Quasi-continuous Operation: Preliminary Design

Upgrade of the University of Tennessee Arcjet Tunnel to Quas...

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AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition, AIAA SciTech Forum 2025

作者： Baccarella, Damiano Samuels, Killian E. Isaacs, Christian T. Trotsky, Mitchell A. Mechanical Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering Department University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTN37996 United States

ISBN: (数字)9781624107238

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107238

The University of Tennessee’s 500-kW pulsed arcjet tunnel is being upgraded to a quasicontinuous flow hypersonic facility for aerothermal testing, characterization of advanced high-temperature materials, and fundamental aerothermodynamic research. The upgraded facility will extend the current test duration by providing active cooling to tunnel components and ensuring sufficient exhaust velocity for the process gas. Additionally, the nominal maximum power will be increased to 1 MW with the installation of a new DC power supply. The facility will be capable of testing material samples and other specimens up to 2 inches in diameter under realistic hypersonic flight conditions for several minutes. This paper outlines the expected performance based on the constraints imposed by the facility’s new infrastructure and discusses the design methodologies for key tunnel components, such as the arc heater and diffuser. The paper concludes with a discussion of the remaining limitations on test duration. © 2025, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hypersonic vehicles

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A Model of High-Speed Endovascular Sonothrombolysis with Vortex Ultrasound-Induced Shear Stress to Treat Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis

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Research 2023年第1期2023卷 1-13页

作者： Bohua Zhang Huaiyu Wu Howuk Kim Phoebe J.Welch Ashley Cornett Greyson Stocker Raul G.Nogueira Jinwook Kim Gabe Owens Paul A.Dayton Zhen Xu Chengzhi Shi Xiaoning Jiang Department of Mechanical&Aerospace Engineering North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA Department of Mechanical Engineering Inha University IncheonRepublic of Korea George W.Woodruff School of Mechanical Enginering Grgia lnstitute of TechnlogyAtlantaGAUSA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan Ann ArborMIUSA Department of Neurology Universityof Pittsburgh Medical CenterPttsburghPA USA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA Parker H.Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGAUSA

This research aims to demonstrate a novel vortex ultrasound enabled endovascular thrombolysis method designed for treating cerebral venous sinus thrombosis(CVST).This is a topic of substantial importance since current treatment modalities for CVST still fail in as many as 20%to 40%of the cases,and the incidence of CvST has increased since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 *** with conventional anticoagulant or thrombolytic drugs,sonothrombolysis has the potential to remarkably shorten the required treatment time owing to the direct clot targeting with acoustic ***,previously reported strategies for sonothrombolysis have not demonstrated clinically meaningful outcomes(e.g.,recanalization within 30 min)in treating large,completely occluded veins or ***,we demonstrated a new vortex ultrasound technique for endovascular sonothrombolysis utilizing wavematter interaction-induced shear stress to enhance the lytic rate *** in vitro experiment showed that the lytic rate was increased by at least 64.3%compared with the nonvortex endovascular ultrasound treatment.A 3.1-g,7.5-cm-long,completely occluded in vitro 3-dimensional model of acute CVST was fully recanalized within 8 min with a record-high lytic rate of 237.5 mg/min for acute bovine clot ***,we confirmed that the vortex ultrasound causes no vessel wall damage over ex vivo canine *** vortex ultrasound thrombolysis technique potentially presents a new life-saving tool for severe CVST cases that cannot be efficaciously treated using existing therapies.

关键词： thrombolysis drugs vortex

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Characteristics Evaluation of Three Balinese Bamboos as Precursor of Activated Carbon 1

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7th International Conference on Materials engineering and Nanotechnology, ICMEN 2023

作者： Negara, Dewa Ngakan Ketut Putra Nindhia, Tjokorda Gde Tirta Widiyarta, I. Made Dwijana, I. Gusti Komang Dinata, Dewa Gede Arisma Prasetiyo, Gopi Wardana, I. Dewsa Made Prayoga Hendra Wibawa, I. Wayan Ryan Arta Mechanical Engineering Department Udayana University Bali80361 Indonesia Mechanical Engineering Master Program Udayana University Denpasar80234 Indonesia

ISBN: (数字)9789819740802

ISBN: (纸本)9789819740796

Activated carbon is known as an amorphous compound that can be manufactured from carbon-containing raw materials. It has a high adsorption capacity and is widely used in a variety of fields due to its high surface area and nano-sized pore structure. The rising demand has prompted a search for low-cost, large-quantity raw materials to replace non-renewable raw materials such as coal and petroleum residues, both of which are becoming scarce. The purpose of this research is to assess three types of Balinese bamboo as raw materials for activated carbon: petung, santong, and tali bamboos. Samples were prepared by dehydrating them under the sun for 5 days, cutting them into small pieces (±1 × 1 × 1 cm), and then heating them in an electric furnace at 105 ℃ for 1 h. Samples were then observed their microstructure using an optical microscope. To determine the chemical composition, moisture, ash, volatile, and fixed carbon content of the raw materials, the sample was ground into powder and characterized using the Van Soest analysis, and termogravimetric analysis (TGA test). The results showed that tali bamboo has the highest potential to produce high-quality activated carbon due to its higher cellulose (37.97%) and lignin (32.27%) content than petung and santong bamboos;despite having the highest moisture content (11.23%), tali bamboo has a fairly high volatile (70.72%), the lowest ash content (1.41%), and the highest fixed carbon (16.64%). The microstructure shows that vascular bundles close to the epidermis are denser and smaller in size than those further away. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： Activated carbon

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CHITOSAN-COLLAGEN COMPOSITE SCAFFOLDS FOR GROWTH DIRECTION GUIDANCE OF PC12 AXONS

CHITOSAN-COLLAGEN COMPOSITE SCAFFOLDS FOR GROWTH DIRECTION G...

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ASME 2024 International Design engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in engineering Conference, IDETC-CIE 2024

作者： Tsai, Po-Yu Lin, Ying-Ting Wang, Gou-Jen Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Chung-Hsing University Taichung Taiwan PhD Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine National Chung-Hsing University Taichung Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Chung-Hsing University Taichung Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9780791888421

In this study, nerve conduits of chitosan and collagen composites with biocompatibility and biodegradability were fabricated. The effects of material composition and surface morphology on the axonal growth and directionality of rat epinephric pheochromocytoma PC12 were investigated. The cells were separated by a PDMS structure to simulate nerve injury, and the growth of axons of PC12 cells was observed under the separation of large gaps. At the same time, mitochondria extracted from osteosarcoma cybrid cells (C2-GFP) were added to the culture to investigate the effect of healthy mitochondria on axon differentiation and growth. The experimental results showed that the chitosan-collagen composite film can promote the growth of PC12 axons more effectively than the pure chitosan film. Cell culture results at different groove widths also showed that smaller grooves resulted in more axon numbers and longer axon lengths. Nerve injury simulation experiments showed that the nerve repair could be almost completed after 12 days of culture. Copyright © 2024 by ASME.

关键词： Mitochondria

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Emission Spectroscopy through the Converging-Diverging Nozzle of a Hypersonic Arcjet Tunnel

Emission Spectroscopy through the Converging-Diverging Nozzl...

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AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition, AIAA SciTech Forum 2025

作者： Samuels, Killian E. Isaacs, Christian T. Baccarella, Damiano University of Tennessee Mechanical Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering Department KnoxvilleTN37996 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107238

In this work, emission spectroscopy measurements of a non-equilibrium expanding flow were acquired along the nozzle of a pulsed arcjet wind tunnel, operated with a pure nitrogen (N2) flow. Starting from the plenum chamber to 225 mm downstream of the sonic throat, high-resolution emission spectra were acquired in the near-UV and near-IR wavelength ranges, where molecular and atomic nitrogen emission systems were analyzed at 277–472 nm and 740–990 nm, respectively. In the near-UV wavelength range, measured detection of both the first negative system of N+2 (B → X) and the second positive system of N2 (C → B) were analyzed using the SPARK line-by-line radiation code with the application of a two-temperature non-equilibrium modeltodeterminetherotationalandvibrational temperaturesandtherelative number densities. This analysis was only performed for the first two positions, the plenum chamber andthesonic throat, since the rest of the positions did not provide sufficient intensity to acquire a usable signal at these wavelengths. For the emission spectra recorded in the near-IR, atomic nitrogen emission lines were analyzed using the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution to derive electronic temperatures for each of the positions. The intensities of the lines were also measured to track the changes in number density for each transition as the flow accelerated through the nozzle. © 2025, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nozzles

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Acoustofluidics for simultaneous nanopartide-based drug loading and exosome encapsulation

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2022年第2期8卷 149-159页

作者： Zeyu Wang Joseph Rich Nanjing Hao Yuyang Gu Chuyi Chen Shujie Yang Peiran Zhang Tony Jun Huang Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA

Nanocarrier and exosome encapsulation has been found to significantly increase the efficacy of targeted drug delivery while also minimizing unwanted side ***,the development of exosome-encapsulated drug nanocarriers is limited by low drug loading efficiencies and/or complex,time-consuming drug loading ***,we have developed an acoustofluidic device that simultaneously performs both drug loading and exosome *** synergistically leveraging the acoustic radiation force,acoustic microstreaming,and shear stresses in a rotating droplet,the concentration,and fusion of exosomes,drugs,and porous silica nanoparticles is *** final product consists of drug-loaded silica nanocarriers that are encased within an exosomal *** drug loading efficiency is significantly improved,with nearly 30%of the free drug(e.g.,doxorubicin)molecules loaded into the ***,this acoustofluidic drug loading system circumvents the need for complex chemical modification,allowing drug loading and encapsulation to be completed within a matter of *** exosome-encapsulated nanocarriers exhibit excellent efficiency in intracellular transport and are capable of significantly inhibiting tumor cell *** utilizing physical forces to rapidly generate hybrid nanocarriers,this acoustofluidic drug loading platform wields the potential to significantly impact innovation in both drug delivery research and applications.

关键词： exosome loading simultaneous

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Comparing the efficiency of artificial neural networks in sEMG-based simultaneous and continuous estimation of hand kinematics

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Digital Communications and Networks 2022年第2期8卷 162-173页

作者： Wafa Batayneh Enas Abdulhay Mohammad Alothman Jordan University of Science and Technology Mechanical Engineering DepartmentIrbid22110 Jordan Jordan University of Science and Technology Biomedical Engineering DepartmentIrbid22110 Jordan

Surface Electromyography(sEMG)plays a key role in many applications such as control of Human-Machine Interfaces(HMI)and neuromusculoskeletal *** has strongly nonlinear relations to joint kinematics and reflects the subjects’intention in moving their *** relations have been traditionally examined by either integrated biomechanics and multi-body dynamics or gesture-based classification ***,these methods have drawbacks that limit their *** from them,joint kinematics can be continuously reconstructed from sEMG via estimation approaches,for instance,the Artificial Neural Networks(ANNs).The Comparison of different ANNs used in different studies is difficult,and in many cases,*** current study focuses on fairly evaluating four types of ANN over the same dataset and conditions in proportional and simultaneous estimation of 15 hand joint angles from 10 sEMG *** presented ANNs are Feedforward,Cascade-Forward,Radial Basis Function(RBFNN),and Generalized Regression(GRNN).Each ANN is applied to its special parametric *** the methods efficiently solved the regression problem of the complex multi-input multi-output *** RBFNN has the best performance over the others with a 79.80%mean correlation coefficient over all joints,and its accuracy reaches as high as 92.67%in some ***,the highest accuracy over individual joints is 93.46%,which is achieved via the *** good accuracy suggests that the proposed approaches can be used as alternatives to the previously adopted ones and can be employed effectively to synchronously control multi-degrees of freedom HMI and for general multi-joint kinematics estimation purposes.

关键词： Surface electromyography Kinematics estimation Artificial neural networks

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Mach 6.5 Arcjet Tunnel Velocity Measurement by Wavelength Modulated Spectroscopy

Mach 6.5 Arcjet Tunnel Velocity Measurement by Wavelength Mo...

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AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition, AIAA SciTech Forum 2025

作者： Feltis, Samuel Samuels, Killian Baccarella, Damiano Zhang, Zhili Department of Mechanical Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTN37996 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107238

This study employs wavelength modulated spectroscopy (WMS) single-laser line velocimetry to characterize the velocity and gaseous properties within a Mach 6.5 arcjet tunnel at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. WMS operates by modulating the wavelength of laser light around the central absorption features of the targeted molecules. In this setup, the absorption of CO (4300 cm-1) is chosen for the measurements in the arcjet flow seeded with the gas. The laser is tuned to the absorption features and the Doppler shift of these lines caused by the high-speed flow is analyzed to determine the flow velocity. By comparing the shifted absorption lines with stationary reference lines, precise velocity measurements are obtained. The depth and shape of the absorption lines further provide measurements of concentration and temperature. This research contributes to the field of aerospace engineering by offering a robust method for non-intrusive, high-precision measurements of gas properties and velocities in the hypersonic flow environment. © 2025, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hypersonic flow

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Wearable Ultrasound Devices, Materials, and Applications

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IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control 2024年第7期71卷 709-712页

作者： Jiang, Xiaoning Savoia, Alessandro Stuart Huang, Chih-Chung North Carolina State University Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering RaleighNC27695 United States Roma Tre University Department of Industrial Electronic and Mechanical Engineering Rome00146 Italy National Cheng Kung University Department of Biomedical Engineering Tainan701 Taiwan

Wearable healthcare devices are expected to greatly improve the quality of human life by providing continuous health monitoring, remedying weakened or lost body or organ functions, and sometimes enabling superhuman capabilities. Enabled by recent advancements in soft matter, nanotechnology, integrated circuits, portable power technology, and artificial intelligence (AI), and inspired by the demands of healthcare applications, wearable ultrasound research has gained unprecedented momentum and is expected to play an increasingly important role in continuous healthcare sensing, imaging, therapy, drug delivery applications, and so on. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Ultrasonics

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