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An integrated computer vision system for real-time monitoring and control of long-fiber embedded hydrogel 3D printing

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2022年 70卷 376-381页

作者： Sun, Wenhuan Webster-Wood, Victoria Department of Mechanical Engineering 5000 Forbes Ave Pittsburgh 15213 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering 5000 Forbes Ave Pittsburgh 15213 United States

3D printed hydrogel components have been used in a wide range of applications including tissue engineering and soft and biohybrid robotics. Advances in embedded printing, such as the Freeform Reversible Embedding of Suspended Hydrogels (FRESH), have further improved the geometric fidelity of 3D printed hydrogels using a fugitive support bath. Recently, it has been shown that the structural rigidity of hydrogels fabricated with embedded 3D printing can be significantly reinforced for a wider range of applications using the Long-fiber Embedded FRESH (LFE-FRESH) technique, an extension of FRESH by combing fiber embedding and hydrogel 3D printing. However, fibers are prone to buckling under compression load due to the high slenderness ratio and maintaining fiber stability during embedding is vital for LFE-FRESH. In this study, we introduce an integrated computer vision (CV) system for the continuous monitoring and control of LFE-FRESH, which actively adjusts the fiber embedding process in real-time by quantifying fiber deformation from the video data and controlling the fiber extrusion motor. Using the prototype, we demonstrated that the integrated CV system effectively prevents fiber buckling, corrects for over-extrusion during the LFE-FRESH process, and improves fiber embedding quality. Moreover, this technique was implemented with low-cost, mass-produced components and can be conveniently integrated with existing open-source LFE-FRESH software and hardware, which improves its accessibility and facilitates future adaptations for new research applications. © 2022

关键词： Hydrogels

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Wire arc additive manufacturing of commercially pure titanium bio-medical alloy

Wire arc additive manufacturing of commercially pure titaniu...

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2nd International Conference on Future Technologies in Manufacturing, Automation, Design and Energy

作者： Deshmukh, Poonam S. Katiyar, Abhinav Sahu, Anshu Sathiaraj, Dan Palani, I.A. Sonawane, Avinash Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Indore453552 India Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay400076 India Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Indore453552 India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819912902

Metal additive manufacturing deploys metallic powder or wire as a feedstock to fabricate metallic parts by direct fusion in a layer-by-layer manner. Wire feedstock-based additive manufacturing provides certain advantages such as a higher rate of deposition, high density, and lower material wastage with less capital required. This study reports the Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) of Commercially Pure Titanium (CP Ti) and its microstructure, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility. A single-track deposition is performed to know the optimum parameters for wall structure deposition. The heat treatment is carried out to achieve desired phase transformation followed by Laser Shock Peening (LSP) as post-processing. The as-built samples showed dominant α-phase + β-phase while the content of β-phase increased after heat treatment at 900 °C. the thickness of LSP affected layer is observed to be 43.4476 μm along the cross-section. The hardness reduced after heat treatment and increased after LSP post processing. LSPed zone exhibited higher average hardness of ∼225 HV while that of the 30 min and 90 min heat treated samples is ∼180 HV0.1and ∼160 HV0.1, respectively. A better antibacterial test is performed to study the inhibition zone on samples. The LSPed sample surface in the biocompatibility test. The LSPed samples showed better antibacterial effect. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Microstructure

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Hitchhiking calvaria immune cells to bypass BBB for CNS drug delivery through transcranial nanoparticle microinjection 46

Hitchhiking calvaria immune cells to bypass BBB for CNS drug...

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46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBC 2024

作者： Gao, Xize Li, Jiacong Cui, Chengqian Xu, Jing Wang, Yilong Zhang, Mingjun Tsinghua University School of Biomedical Engineering Beijing China Tsinghua University School of Mechanical Engineering Beijing China Beijing Tiantan Hospital Department of Neurology Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371499

Bypassing blood brain barrier (BBB) remains a daunting challenge for drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS). The recently discovered microscale ossified vascular channels connecting the skull bone marrow and the brain parenchyma may provide a direct brain entryway bypassing BBB, which may revolutionize CNS drug delivery. In this study, we demonstrated a nanoparticle transcranial microinjection strategy that hitchhikes bone marrow cells, which exhibit tropism for CNS lesions, to bypass BBB for CNS drug delivery. We have developed minimally invasive cranial drilling and microinjection techniques and validated the feasibility of the new pathway for CNS drug delivery. Through extensive experimental studies, we found that the nanoparticles injected into the skull bone marrow could construct a large number of drug-loaded immune cell microrobots in vivo. Following LPS-induced neuroinflammation or stroke induction, a significant increase in these microrobots was observed travelling through the microchannels and accumulating in the brain parenchyma. These results demonstrated the great potential of transcranial administration through the skull-meninge shortcuts and hitchhiking calvaria immune cells to bypass BBB for CNS drug delivery. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Nanoparticles

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Exploring Classification, Size, and Quality of Mangifera Indica L. Through Image Processing and AI Techniques 2

Exploring Classification, Size, and Quality of Mangifera Ind...

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2nd International Conference on Mechanics, Electronics, Automation and Automatic Control, MEAAC 2024

作者： Wanthong, Irin Sri-On, Theeraphat Seangsri, Soontaree Khaengkarn, Sorada Srisertpol, Jiraphon Mechatronics Engineering Program School of Mechanical Engineering Suranaree University of Technology Nakhon Ratchasima Thailand Department of Mechatronics and Robotics Engineering School of Engineering and Innovation Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-ok Chonburi Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9781643685403

This paper introduces methods for efficiently classifying mangoes intended for export, a market valued at approximately 4,500 million baht annually. The classification process is divided into two primary components: size categorization and quality assessment. The first phase involves categorizing mango sizes into four distinct categories (M, 1L, 2L, 3L), while the second phase focuses on assessing mango quality, particularly detecting anthracnoseâ€"a prevalent disease affecting mangoes. This detection is achieved through image processing techniques, where images are converted into binary representations and analyzed using both Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Comparative analysis reveals that CNN outperforms ANN in size classification, achieving a remarkable train accuracy of 99.16% and a test accuracy of 88.0%. Furthermore, in quality classification, CNN demonstrates a train accuracy of 91.0% and a test accuracy of 88.0%. These findings underscore the effectiveness of CNN techniques in accurately classifying mangoes for export, thereby facilitating improved quality control and market competitiveness. Â© 2024 The Authors.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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3D FEM forming simulation optimization and experiment on bevel thread-forming screw 9

3D FEM forming simulation optimization and experiment on bev...

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9th International Conference on Precision Machinery and Manufacturing Technology, ICPMMT 2024

作者： Teng, H.Y. Lu, C. Tzou, G.Y. Department of Mechanical Engineering Cheng Shiu University Niaosong Kaohsiung City83334 Taiwan School of Mechanical Materials Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering University of Wollongong Northfields Ave. WollongongNSW2522 Australia

This study adopts 3 forming passes and 1 thread rolling process as the multi-pass schedule of bevel thread-forming screw. The finite element simulation software is used to simulate the plastic behaviour of forming and thread rolling processes. The geometry shapes, the part dimensions of each pass, the effective stress, the effective strain, the forming force and the die stress of each pass can be reached via FEM simulation. Moreover, especially Taguchi method for the maximum force pass is conducted to optimize the forming processes. Considering 4 control factors such as A: head arc radius (rH), B: flange thickness (t), C: corner radius (r), and D: frictional factor(m) and 3 levels to establish the orthogonal array table for optimum forming force, the influence rank and the optimal parameters combination are obtained to carry out the realistic experiment for confirming the feasibility of FEM simulation optimization. In a word, the influence rank of control factors: flange thickness (t) > head arc radius (rH) > corner radius (r) > frictional factor (m), and the optimal parameters combination is A3B3C3D1 (rH=42 mm, t=1.3 mm, r=0.7 mm, and m=0.12). © 2024 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Thread rolling

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Towards high-strength cold spray additive manufactured metals:Methods,mechanisms,and properties

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第3期170卷 47-64页

作者： Shuo Yin Ningsong Fan Chunjie Huang Yingchun Xie Chao Zhang Rocco Lupoi Wenya Li Department of Mechanical Manufacturing&Biomedical EngineeringParsons BuildingTrinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublin 2Ireland Institute of Materials Technology Helmut-Schmidt-University/University of the Federal Armed Forces HamburgHamburg 22043Germany The Key Lab of Guangdong for Modern Surface Engineering Technology National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Materials Surface Engineering TechnologyInstitute of New MaterialsGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510651China College of Mechanical Engineering Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225127China State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Friction Welding TechnologiesNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 720072China

Cold spray,as a solid-state additive manufacturing process,has been attracting increasing attention from both scientific and industrial ***,cold-sprayed deposits generally have unfavorable mechanical properties in their as-fabricated state compared to conventionally manufactured and fusion-based additive-manufactured counterparts due to the inherent microstructural defects in the deposits(e.g.,porosity and incomplete interparticle bonding).This downside reduces its competitiveness and limits its wide applications as an additive manufacturing *** the past years,many strengthening technologies have been developed or introduced to adjust the microstructure and improve the mechanical properties of cold-sprayed *** term“strengthening”in this work specifically refers to improving the mechanical strength,particularly the tensile strength of the cold-sprayed bulk *** to the stage that the strengthening technologies are used in the cold spray process,they can be classified into three categories:pre-process(e.g.,powder heat treatment),in-process(e.g.,powder heating,in-situ micro-forging,laser-assisted cold spray),and post-process(e.g.,post heat treatment,hot isostatic pressing,hot rolling,friction stir processing).Therefore,a comprehensive review of these strengthening technolo-gies is conducted to illuminate the possible correlations between the strengthening mechanisms and the resultant deposit microstructures and mechanical *** review paper aims to help researchers and engineers well understand the different strengthening methods and provide guidance for the cold spray community to develop new strengthening strategies for future high-quality mass production.

关键词： Cold spray Additive manufacturing Strengthening Microstructure Ductility Tensile strength

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Behavior of Myoblasts in Two-dimensional Colony under Shear Flow Field 13

Behavior of Myoblasts in Two-dimensional Colony under Shear ...

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13th International Multi-Conference on Complexity, Informatics and Cybernetics, IMCIC 2022

作者： Hashimoto, Shigehiro Yokomizo, Takashi Endo, Yuji Biomedical Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering Kogakuin University Tokyo163-8677 Japan Biomedical Engineering Mechanical Engineering Kogakuin University Tokyo163-8677 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781950492619

The effect of the direction of the shear flow field on the behavior of each cell in a two-dimensional colony has been investigated in vitro. To make a Couette type of the shear flow, the culture medium was sandwiched with a constant gap between parallel walls: a lower stationary culture disk, and an upper rotating disk. The wall shear stress (1 Pa) on the lower culture disk was controlled by the rotating speed of the upper disk. Myoblasts (C2C12: mouse myoblast cell line) were used in the test. After cultivation without flow for 24 hours for adhesion of cells on the lower plate, the constant wall shear stress was continuously applied on cells for 7 days in the incubator. The behavior of each cell was traced at the time-lapse images observed by an inverted phase contrast microscope placed in an incubator. Experiments have shown that the behavior of each cell depends on the direction of the shear stress field, even in the confluent layer. That is, moving upstream and expanding the area parallel to the shear stress field while maintaining the direction to the shear flow. © by the International Institute of Informatics and Systemics.

关键词： Shear flow

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Bioinspired magnetic cilia:from materials to applications

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2023年第6期9卷 107-128页

作者： Seongjin Park Geonjun Choi Minsu Kang Woochan Kim Jangho Kim Hoon Eui Jeong Department of Mechanical Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology(UNIST)Ulsan44919Republic of Korea Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering Chonnam National UniversityGwangju61186Republic of Korea Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System Chonnam National UniversityGwangju61186Republic of Korea

Microscale and nanoscale cilia are ubiquitous in natural systems where they serve diverse biological *** artificial magnetic cilia have emerged as a highly promising technology with vast potential applications,ranging from soft robotics to highly precise *** this review,we comprehensively discuss the roles of cilia in nature and the various types of magnetic particles utilized in magnetic cilia;additionally,we explore the top-down and bottom-up fabrication techniques employed for their ***,we examine the various applications of magnetic cilia,including their use in soft robotics,droplet and particle control systems,fluidics,optical devices,and ***,we present our conclusions and the future outlook for magnetic cilia research and development,including the challenges that need to be overcome and the potential for further integration with emerging technologies.

关键词： magnetic overcome precise

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Entropy-modulated and interlayer-doped transition metal layered oxides enable high-energy-density sodium-ion capacitors

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Nano Research 2024年第10期17卷 8785-8793页

作者： Tiansheng Wang Yadong Li Zhengyuan Chen Qingshan Liu Jian Lang Langyuan Wu Wendi Dong Zhengyu Ju Hongsen Li Xiaogang Zhang Guihua Yu College of Physics Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266071China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Storage College of Materials Science and TechnologyNanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016China Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at AustinAustin 78712USA

In recent years,sodium-ion capacitors have attracted attention due to their cost-effectiveness,high power density and similar manufacturing process to lithium-ion ***,the utilization of oxide electrodes in traditional sodium-ion capacitors restricts their further advancement due to the inherent low operating voltage and electrolyte consumption based on their energy storage *** address these challenges,we incorporated Zn,Cu,Ti,and other elements into Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.33)Mn_(0.67)O_(2) to synthesize P2-type Na_(0.7)Ni_(0.28)Mn_(0.6)Zn_(0.05)Cu_(0.02)Ti_(0.05)O_(2) with a modulated entropy and pillaring *** the synergistic interplay between the interlayer pillar and the entropy modulation within the layers,the material exhibits exceptional toughness,effectively shielding it from detrimental phase transitions at elevated voltage *** a result,the material showcases outstanding kinetic properties and long-term cycling stability across the voltage *** integrating these materials with hierarchical porous carbon nanospheres to form a"rocking chair"sodium-ion capacitor,the hybrid full device delivers a high energy density(171 Wh·kg^(-1))and high power density(5245 W·kg^(-1)),as well as outstanding cycling stability(77% capacity retention after 3000 cycles).This work provides an effective material development route to realize simultaneously high energy and power for next-generation sodium-ion capacitors.

关键词： sodium-ion capacitors entropy modulation high power density long-term cycling layered oxide

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Quantitative Assessment of Gait in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Using Deep Learning 4

Quantitative Assessment of Gait in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Us...

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4th IEEE International Conference on Electronic Communications, Internet of Things and Big Data, ICEIB 2024

作者： Lai, Ming-Hui Liu, Don-Gey Cheng, Ching-Hwa Lai, Chung-Yu Master's Program of Biomedical Informatics and Biomedical Engineering Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan Feng Chia University Department of Electronic Engineering Taichung Taiwan Hungkuang University Department of Medical Equipment Development and Application Taichung Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350360721

Spinocerebellar ataxia is a neurological disorder characterized by impaired neural coordination, leading to unstable gait, coordination difficulties, and other motor abnormalities. This disease significantly impacts patients' daily lives, making it challenging for them to maintain balance, walk smoothly, and even perform fine motor skills. The causes of spinocerebellar ataxia are diverse, including genetic factors, brain injuries, or certain diseases. Many patients with spinocerebellar ataxia require specialized medical care and ongoing monitoring to manage its effects. This study aims to utilize Human Posture Estimation to detect the gait patterns of patients with spinocerebellar ataxia and integrate it with a deep learning model to distinguish between normal and affected individuals. The outcomes offer physicians an objective diagnostic tool and facilitate early detection and intervention for patients with impaired gait, thereby supporting the enhancement or preservation of their quality of life. The current prediction accuracy for the risk of ataxia gait is 80%, with an F1 score of 78.26%. It is necessary to conduct a detailed quantitative assessment by analyzing the gait of patients with spinocerebellar ataxia. Quantitative evaluation of the data allows for an objective assessment of the patient's gait, which helps healthcare professionals to more accurately understand and assess the gait status of patients with spinocerebellar ataxia. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Gait analysis

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