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Characterization of auditory sensation in C. elegans

Biophysics Reports 2024年第6期10卷 351-363页

作者： Can Wang Elizabeth A.Ronan Adam J.Iliff Rawan Al-Ebidi Panagiota Kitsopoulos Karl Grosh Jianfeng Liu X.Z.Shawn Xu Life Sciences Institute University of Michigan Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology University of Michigan Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan College of Life Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE Huazhong University of Science and Technology

Research using the model organism nematode C. elegans has greatly facilitated our understanding of sensory biology, including touch, olfaction, taste, vision and proprioception. While hearing had long been considered to be restricted to vertebrates and some arthropods, we recently discovered that *** is capable of sensing and responding to airborne sound in a frequency and sound source-sizedependent manner. C. elegans auditory sensation occurs when airborne sound physically vibrates their external cuticle(skin) to activate the sound-sensitive mechanosensory FLP/PVD neurons via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors(nAChRs), triggering aversive phonotaxis behavior. Here, we report stepwise methods to characterize these three features of C. elegans auditory sensation, including sound-evoked skin vibration, neuronal activation, and behavior. This approach provides an accessible platform to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying auditory sensation and mechanotransduction mechanisms in C. elegans.

关键词： C. elegans Hearing Audition Mechanosensation Mechanosensory

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Facile Blinking Dyes with Spontaneous Enol-Keto Tautomerism for Super-Resolution Imaging of Subcellular Targets

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第11期6卷 2770-2782页

作者： Ji Gao Weijun Wu Lulu Zhou Shaokuan Gong Chong Li Xihan Chen Yiming Li Kai Li Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials Department of Biomedical EngineeringSouthern University of Science and Technology(SUSTech)Shenzhen 518055 SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality Department of Mechanical and Energy EngineeringSouthern University of Science and Technology(SUSTech)Shenzhen 518055

Fluorophores with controlled on–off switching properties and subcellular targeting abilities are essential for modern super-resolution microscopy ***,the effective design strategies of blinking fluorophores are still limited with scarce building blocks(e.g.,rhodamine and cyanine analogues),and sophisticated functionalization is always required for organelle ***,exploring live-cell compatible and organelle-targetable fluorophores with a new blinking mechanism is of broad interest to promote the emerging development of superresolution ***,we report a type of live-cell permeable fluorophore with a facile synthesis strategy to facilitate the imaging of lipid droplets and lysosomes using single-molecule localization *** fluorophores only require a two-step synthetic *** show signature enol-keto tautomerism by spontaneous proton transfer at the ground state without additional photoactivation,which ensures blinking performance by exciting the minor portion of molecules in keto *** fluorescence switching mechanism provides a distinct character from that of previously reported live-cell permeable dyes for super-resolution imaging,while the specific organelle binding affinity can be tuned by simply changing the targeting moiety of fluorophores.

关键词： spontaneous enol-keto tautomerism fluorophore proton transfer fluorescence imaging subcellular target

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Design of a Honeycomb Energy Absorbing Structure for Bicycle Helmets

Design of a Honeycomb Energy Absorbing Structure for Bicycle...

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2022 International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury, IRCOBI 2022

作者： King, Annie R.A. Yu, Bosco Quenneville, Cheryl E. The Department of Mechanical Engineering The School of Biomedical Engineering McMaster University ON Canada The Department of Materials Science and Engineering The School of Biomedical Engineering McMaster University ON Canada

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0906 | Experimental Investigation of Increased Bearing Capacity When Imparting Vibration to Loose Ground in Low Atmospheric Pressure 21

0906 | Experimental Investigation of Increased Bearing Capac...

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21st International and 12th Asia-Pacific Regional Conference of the International Society for Terrain-Vehicle Systems, ISTVS 2024

作者： Watanabe, Tomohiro Iizuka, Kojiro Department of Engineering Mechanical Engineering Program Niigata University Niigata Prefecture Niigata City Japan Department of Science and Engineering Machinery and Control Systems Shibaura Institute of Technology Saitama Prefecture Saitama City Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781942112570

Recently, legged robots have attracted considerable attention as highly mobile rovers for planetary exploration. However, the surfaces of celestial bodies such as Mars and the Moon are primarily loose, causing slippage due to surface deformation from the rover's leg movements. To mitigate this, a walking method aimed at preventing slippage was proposed. In this walking method, the bearing capacity is increased by imparting vibration from the rover's leg to the loose soil on the ground. This walking method improved the mobility performance of the legged rover. It is crucial to investigate the increase in bearing capacity by imparting vibration in a realistic space environment to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. This study examines the change in bearing capacity due to vibration under low atmospheric pressure, a condition found on Mars and the Moon. This condition affects the characteristics of ground sand due to decreased air resistance. Our findings provide valuable insights into using vibration in planetary exploration to enhance the performance of legged rovers. The experimental results indicate that the bearing capacity under low atmospheric pressure is nearly identical to that under standard atmospheric pressure, suggesting that atmospheric pressure conditions have minimal impact on the bearing capacity when vibration is applied. © 2024 International Society for Terrain-Vehicle Systems. All rights reserved.

关键词： Atmospheric pressure

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Clinical Biomarkers to Evaluate Next Generation Inhaled Tobacco Products’ Effect in the Oral Cavity: a Narrative Review

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Current Oral Health Reports 2024年第1期11卷 30-39页

作者： Sarles, S. Emma Hensel, Edward C. Rahman, Irfan Robinson, Risa J. Biomedical and Chemical Engineering PhD Program Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester NY United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Respiratory Technologies Lab Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester NY United States Department of Environmental Medicine Rahman Lab University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY United States

Purpose of Review: Biomarkers in the oral cavity of users of next generation tobacco products, such as electronic cigarettes (EC), provide data about effects on oral and systemic health and help predict long-term health effects, such as cardiovascular, respiratory, and periodontal disease. Despite oral cavity health provides, translation of findings to regulatory outcomes around EC is lacking. A review of the current state of the art in use of clinical biomarkers of the oral cavity was conducted. This identified inconsistencies and gaps in tobacco regulatory science to address how to improve clinical studies for screening tobacco products and studying disease. Recent Findings: The review identified that saliva and buccal biopsies provide dependable biomarkers of oral and systemic health when several parameters of health are standardized and considered. Inflammatory cytokines in oral tissue and biofluids of EC users are conflicting due to differences in sample collection and analysis techniques. Salivary C-reactive protein levels provide information about systemic inflammation and risk of cardiovascular disease, but analysis of this biomarker in the oral cavity does not appear in the current literature. The oral microbiome plays a significant role in human health and may be a useful tool to study systemic effects of tobacco products non-invasively, yet inconsistencies in reporting metrics make studies difficult to compare or translate into tangible outcomes. Effects of tobacco product use on hard dental tissue are not widely investigated despite correlations observed between e-cigarette use and broken teeth. Summary: This review provides a comprehensive update on clinical biomarkers in systemic and oral diseases associated with emerging nicotine products. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Biomarkers Electronic cigarette Oral health Tobacco regulatory science Vaping

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Decoding Gait Speed Using Intracortical Signals in a Freely-Moving Non-Human Primate for the Control of Neurorobotics

Decoding Gait Speed Using Intracortical Signals in a Freely-...

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2024 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics, ROBIO 2024

作者： Chen, Long Zhang, Yilin Mo, Lifen Guo, Zheshan Gao, Fei Liang, Fengyan Liao, Wei-Hsin Yin, Ming School of Biomedical Engineering Hainan University Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province Sanya China Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China The Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering Shatin Hong Kong

ISBN: (纸本)9781665481090

Locomotion is one of the most fundamental and crucial motor abilities in both humans and animals. Compared to other quadrupedal mammals, primates exhibit unique quadrupedal characteristics, such as diagonal gait and compliant walking. Significant progress has been made in past studies to understand the relationship between behaviors and neural activities in primates. However, these studies often limit the behavior to constrained environments and focus only on the upper limbs. Here, we trained a macaque to walk freely on a treadmill at four different speeds (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 km/h), Intracortical signals and videos were recorded at the same time. Our results indicate that the primary motor cortex (M1) exhibits higher neuronal firing rates during the swing phase of gait, suggesting its critical role in gait encoding. Furthermore, we utilized only eight neural units to decode gait speeds and employed mutual information for feature selection to improve the decoding accuracies. Results indicated that four gait speeds can be reliably classified with an accuracy of 82.1%. The firing rates of neurons from 100 ms to 300 ms before the forelimb raise exhibited the most variations during task execution and contributed the most to the decoder model. This study provides new insights into the cortical control of quadrupedal locomotion. The proposed cortical speed decoder can be applied in brain-computer-interface (BCI) to control neurorobotics such as exoskeletons and prostheses. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Brain computer interface

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Longitudinal study of the mechanical properties of rat abdominal aortas incubated in ex vivo conditions

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Journal of Biorheology 2023年第2期37卷 36-43页

作者： Sugita, Shukei Kawai, Hinase Ujihara, Yoshihiro Nakamura, Masanori Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya Institute of Technology Nagoya Japan Center of Biomedical Physics and Information Technology Nagoya Institute of Technology Nagoya Japan Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences Nagoya Institute of Technology Nagoya Japan

Aortic disease is often associated with tissue degradation. However, the changes in the mechanical properties of the aorta occurring in accordance with tissue degradation remain unclear. This study explored the time course of the natural decay of aortic tissues in terms of mechanical and histological properties. Aortas excised from mice were incubated under ex vivo conditions, and their mechanical properties were assessed using a pressure– diameter test. Two linear lines were fitted to the pressure– diameter curve;the pressure at which the lines crossed was defined as the "collagen recruitment pressure". During incubation, the aortas suddenly changed in stiffness, and the collagen recruitment pressure dropped abruptly. These rapid changes occurred significantly earlier under an intraluminal pressure of 0 than 100 mmHg. Histological examination revealed the loss of elastic laminas (ELs) and smooth muscle cells in the aorta, coinciding with the changes in mechanical properties. Thus, the rapid change was caused by sudden structural failure of the ELs, in which damage accumulated at the microscopic level over the incubation period. Additionally, the tissue degradation rate was dependent on the mechanical environment. These findings provide insight into the etiology of aortic diseases. © Japanese Society of Biorheology 2023.

关键词： Biomechanics

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Modeling and Simulation of Optically Transparent Brain Computer Interfaces

Modeling and Simulation of Optically Transparent Brain Compu...

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International Conference on Applications in Electronics Pervading Industry, Environment and Society, APPLEPIES 2023

作者： Kheirldeen, Rayan Shaito, Ali Hassan, Houssein Hajj Cherry, Ali Dabbous, Ali Hajj-Hassan, Mohamad Department of Biomedical Engineering Lebanese International University Bekaa Lebanon Department of Mechanical Engineering Lebanese International University Bekaa Lebanon Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences Lebanese International University Bekaa Lebanon Department of Biomedical Engineering The International University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon Department Department of Electrical Electronic Telecommunication Engineering and Naval Architecture DITEN University of Genoa Genova Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783031481208

The use of brain computer interfaces (BCIs) is crucial to the development of neural prosthetics and neuroscience. BCIs assist paralyzed patients by enabling them to control computers or robots using their neural activity. Optically transparent BCIs, combined with optical imaging modalities, enable simultaneous gathering of high-resolution electrophysiological signals and imaging of neural activities. In this work, we report the investigation of the mechanical behavior of an ultra-thin glass-based brain machine interface probe when subjected to various types of forces encountered during insertion and engagement into the brain tissues. Results of probe thickness optimization show that electrodes can be 25 µm thick while maintaining a factor of safety against failure > 1. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.

关键词： Microelectrodes

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The Design and Optimisation of W-Angular Plate on Quadrilateral Surface 1

The Design and Optimisation of W-Angular Plate on Quadrilate...

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1st IEEE International Conference on Communication engineering and Emerging Technologies, ICoCET 2024

作者： Rajan, Riya Letchumi Bin Mohd Nasir, Nashrul Fazli Mamat, Normahira Binti Yahaya, Sahran Bin Tan, Eugene Chin, Lim Chee Meng, Cheng Ee Sharifah Robiah, Che Wan Bin Abdul Kadir, Mohd Rafiq Universiti Malaysia Perlis Biomedical Electronic Engineering Program Faculty of Electronic Engineering and Technology Perlis Malaysia Universiti Sains Malaysia Department of Orthopaedics Kubang Kerian Malaysia Leonix Sdn. Bhd. Batu Maung Malaysia Universiti Malaya Faculty of Engineering Biomedical Engineering Department Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331504144

This study focuses on the design, optimization, and biomechanical evaluation of a W-angular hip plate intended for the quadrilateral surface of the human pelvis. The W angular configuration is chosen for its potential to enhance stability and load distribution across the complex pelvic anatomy. The primary objective is to investigate and refine the screw insertion technique that maximizes the plate's stability on the quadrilateral surface. This involves evaluating various parameters such as screw placement angles and depths to achieve optimal fixation. mechanical behavior of the W-angular hip plate is comprehensively assessed under diverse loading conditions simulating activities essential to daily living, including walking, standing, and sitting. The evaluation encompasses the analysis of stress distribution, strain patterns, and deformation characteristics within the implant structure. Both male and female anatomical variations are considered to ensure a thorough assessment of performance across different patient demographics. The outcomes of this study aim to deepen the understanding of how the W-angular hip plate interacts with the pelvic bone and surrounding tissues under realistic conditions. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Titanium alloys

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Shared 3D Robotic Arm Control Based on Intracortical Brain-Computer Interface and Computer Vision

Shared 3D Robotic Arm Control Based on Intracortical Brain-C...

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2024 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics, ROBIO 2024

作者： Liu, Liyang Yu, Shanshan Chen, Long Mo, Lifen Guo, Zheshan Wang, Xiao Gao, Fei Liang, Fengyan Liao, Wei-Hsin Yin, Ming School of Biomedical Engineering Hainan University Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province Sanya China Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China The Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering Shatin Hong Kong

ISBN: (纸本)9781665481090

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) convert neuronal activity into commands for controlling external devices. For example, a paralyzed patient can use BCI to control a robotic arm to drink water. However, employing intracortical brain-computer interfaces (iBCIs) to control robotic arm movements and various daily grasping tasks in a three-dimensional (3D) environment faces significant challenges. The degree of freedom (DoF) decoded from iBCI signals often falls short of the requirements for effective control of robotic arm & hand in daily activities. This study proposes a shared robotic arm control system for iBCIs. The system employs spike signals to control the robotic arm move into left or right direction. The integrated computer vision (CV) identifies the position, size, and category of the objects, facilitating more precise grasping. At last, movement direction decoding based on eight neural units achieved a classification accuracy of 93.1%, with a five-fold cross-validation error rate of 19.8%. The iBCI and CV sharedly control the robotic arm to grasp eight objects of different kinds and shapes, positioned at different locations. Furthermore, the shared control system has been validated through an online grasping experiment on a macaque. Results demonstrated the feasibility of generating practical multidimensional control of a robotic arm by merging iBCI and CV-based recognition. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Robotic arms

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