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arXiv 2024年

作者： Lim, Seongjoon Singh, Sobhit Huang, Fei-Ting Pan, Shangke Wang, Kefeng Kim, Jaewook Kim, Jinwoong Vanderbilt, David Cheong, Sang-Wook Rutgers Center for Emergent Materials Department of Physics and Astronomy PiscatawayNJ08854 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Rochester RochesterNY14627 United States Materials Science Program University of Rochester RochesterNY14627 United States State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Function Materials and Preparation Science School of Material Sciences and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Zhejiang Ningbo315211 China Department of Physics and Astronomy Rutgers University PiscatawayNJ08854 United States

Electric currents have the intriguing ability to induce magnetization in nonmagnetic crystals with sufficiently low crystallographic symmetry. Some associated phenomena include the non-linear anomalous Hall effect in polar crystals and the nonreciprocal directional dichroism in chiral crystals when magnetic fields are applied. In this work, we demonstrate that the same underlying physics is also manifested in the electronic tunneling process between the surface of a nonmagnetic chiral material and a magnetized scanning probe. In the paramagnetic but chiral metallic compound Co1/3NbS2, the magnetization induced by the tunneling current is shown to become detectable by its coupling to the magnetization of the tip itself. This results in a contrast across different chiral domains, achieving atomic-scale spatial resolution of structural chirality. To support the proposed mechanism, we used first-principles theory to compute the chirality-dependent current-induced magnetization and Berry curvature in the bulk of the material. Our demonstration of this magnetochiral tunneling effect opens up a new avenue for investigating atomic-scale variations in the local crystallographic symmetry and electronic structure across the structural domain boundaries of low-symmetry nonmagnetic crystals. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Magnetization

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Task-invariant learning of continuous joint kinematics during steady-state and transient ambulation using ultrasound sensing

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Jahanandish, M. Hassan Rabe, Kaitlin G. Srinivas, Abhishek Fey, Nicholas P. Hoyt, Kenneth The Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering Departments University of Texas at Dallas RichardsonTX United States The Department of Biomedical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX United States The Biomedical and Mechanical Engineering Departments The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX United States The Department of Bioengineering University of Texas at Dallas RichardsonTX United States

Natural control of limb motion is continuous and progressively adaptive to individual intent. While intuitive interfaces have the potential to rely on the neuromuscular input by the user for continuous adaptation, continuous volitional control of assistive devices that can generalize across various tasks has not been addressed. In this study, we propose a method to use spatiotemporal ultrasound features of the rectus femoris and vastus intermedius muscles of able-bodied individuals for task-invariant learning of continuous knee kinematics during steady-state and transient ambulation. The task-invariant learning paradigm was statistically evaluated against a task-specific paradigm for the steady-state (1) level-walk, (2) incline, (3) decline, (4) stair ascent, and (5) stair descent ambulation tasks. The transitions between steady-state stair ambulation and level-ground walking were also investigated. It was observed that the continuous knee kinematics can be learned using a task-invariant learning paradigm with statistically comparable accuracy to a task-specific paradigm. Statistical analysis further revealed that incorporating the temporal ultrasound features significantly improves the accuracy of continuous estimations (p © 2021, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Ultrasonics

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Effective drug combination for Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes discovered by output-driven feedback system control technique

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Ding, Xianting Njus, Zach Kong, Taejoon Su, Wenqiong Ho, Chih-Ming Pandey, Santosh State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Institute for Personalized Medicine School of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Iowa State University AmesIA50011 United States Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California Los Angeles Los AngelesCA90095 United States

Infections from parasitic nematodes (or roundworms) contribute to a significant disease burden and productivity losses for humans and livestock. The limited number of anthelmintics (or antinematode drugs) available today to treat these infections are rapidly losing their efficacy as multidrug resistance in parasites becomes a global health challenge. We propose an engineering approach to discover an anthelmintic drug combination that is more potent at killing wild-type Caenorhabditis elegans worms than four individual drugs. In the experiment, freely swimming single worms are enclosed in microfluidic drug environments to assess the centroid velocity and track curvature of worm movements. After analyzing the behavioral data in every iteration, the feedback system control (FSC) scheme is used to predict new drug combinations to test. Through a differential evolutionary search, the winning drug combination is reached that produces minimal centroid velocity and high track curvature, while requiring each drug in less than their EC50 concentrations. The FSC approach is model-less and does not need any information on the drug pharmacology, signaling pathways, or animal biology. Toward combating multidrug resistance, the method presented here is applicable to the discovery of new potent combinations of available anthelmintics on C. elegans, parasitic nematodes, and other small model organisms. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Evolutionary algorithms

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A Whole Head Ultra-High Density Diffuse Optical Tomography System for Naturalistic and Resting State Functional Human Brain Mapping

A Whole Head Ultra-High Density Diffuse Optical Tomography S...

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Optics and the Brain, BRAIN 2023 - Part of Optica Biophotonics Congress: Optics in the Life Sciences 2023

作者： Fogarty, Morgan Rafferty, Sean M. O’Sullivan, Anthony C. Svoboda, Calamity F. Markow, Zachary E. Richter, Edward J. George, Tessa King, Kelsey Wilhelm, Dana Tripathy, Kalyan Trobaugh, Jason W. Eggebrecht, Adam T. Culver, Joseph P. Imaging Science Program Washington University in St. Louis 1 Brookings Drive St. LouisMO63130 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Washington University in St. Louis 1 Brookings Drive St. LouisMO63130 United States Department of Neuroscience Washington University in St. Louis 1 Brookings Drive St. LouisMO63130 United States Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering Washington University in St. Louis 1 Brookings Drive St. LouisMO63130 United States Department of Radiology Washington University in St. Louis 1 Brookings Drive St. LouisMO63130 United States Department of Physics Washington University in St. Louis 1 Brookings Drive St. LouisMO63130 United States

High-density diffuse optical tomography uses a dense array of overlapping measurements that provides functional brain images validated against fMRI. We doubled this optode density, improving resolution and expanding t... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171210

关键词： Diffuse optical tomography Functional imaging Image quality Magnetic resonance imaging Near infrared spectroscopy Optical imaging

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Downstream microfluidic collagen culture chamber for advancing mechanistic understanding of dielectrophoretic behavior in cells 21

Downstream microfluidic collagen culture chamber for advanci...

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21st International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences, MicroTAS 2017

作者： Douglas, Temple A. Graybill, Philip Alinezhadbalalami, Nastaran Balani, Nikita Cemazar, Jaka Schmelz, Eva M. Davalos, Rafael V. Virginia Tech Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences United States Virginia Tech Department of Mechanical Engineering United States Virginia Tech Department of Human Nutrition Foods and Exercise United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780692941836

Tumor heterogeneity represents a significant obstacle in choosing and administering an optimal cancer treatment. Subpopulations of cells can exhibit differential metastatic capability and response to treatment, which can result in treatment failure. There exists a need for a method of quantifying and analyzing tumor subpopulations before choosing a treatment in order to prevent instances of resistance to therapy and recurrence of the tumor [1]. We present here a label-free method of separating and detecting subpopulations from tumors while providing information on their biophysical properties, metastatic capacity and chemotherapy resistance using contactless dielectrophoresis combined with downstream collagen assays for sterile biopsy processing. © 17CBMS-0001.

关键词： Electrophoresis

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3D rotational shear wave elasticity imaging (3D-RSWEI) in anisotropic lattice phantoms

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Journal of the mechanical Behavior of biomedical Materials 2025年 170卷 107048页

作者： Srinivasan, Shruthi Eckstein, Kevin N. Yoon, Daniel Rouze, Ned C. Bock, Kaden D. Villacis, Estela Bayly, Philip V. Nightingale, Kathryn R. Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University DurhamNC United States Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Washington University St. Louis MO United States

We present ultrasonic 3D rotational shear wave elasticity imaging (3D-RSWEI) characterization of anisotropic 3D-printed hydrogel lattice phantoms that were originally developed for magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) applications. Shear wave speeds versus rotational angle were measured for two 3D-printed hydrogel lattices while submerged in water and after embedding in different stiffnesses of isotropic poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA). Shear wave propagation in the lattices was anisotropic, with faster wave speeds parallel to the scaling direction of the lattices. We observed that shear wave speeds and shear anisotropy decreased when the lattices were embedded in PVA versus submerged in water. Shear wave dispersion was observed in the lattice+PVA phantoms, with greater dispersion in the direction parallel to the scaling direction versus perpendicular. Dynamic shear testing results of the lattice+PVA phantoms were compared to 3D-RSWEI characterization with differences of 8.4% and 24.1% for propagation parallel and perpendicular to the scaling direction. These results demonstrate the feasibility of ultrasonic SWEI characterization of novel anisotropic MRE lattice phantoms. © 2025

关键词： Shear waves

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A mobile phone-operated nucleic acid diagnostic platform for detection of urinary tract infection (UTI) 21

A mobile phone-operated nucleic acid diagnostic platform for...

引用

21st International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences, MicroTAS 2017

作者： Shin, Dong Jin Chen, Liben Li, Chenglong Trick, Alexander Wang, Tza-Huei Department of Mechanical Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore United States College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University Beijing China Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780692941836

Rapid and culture-free detection of E. coli directly in urine sample can enable diagnosis of bacterial infection in the urinary tract. We demonstrate a portable, mobile phone-operated nucleic acid test platform to purify and detect E. coli DNA from urine sample in an automated manner. With minimal hands-on time and a total time-to-result of 65 minutes, our platform could play a role in improving antibacterial stewardship in acute care settings. © 17CBMS-0001.

关键词： Cellular telephones

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Reflection-mode optical diffraction tomography for label-free imaging of thick biological specimens

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Kang, Sungsam Zhou, Renjie Brelen, Marten Mak, Heather K. So, Peter T.C. Yaqoob, Zahid Laser Biomedical Research Center G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States

Optical diffraction tomography (ODT) has emerged as a powerful label-free three-dimensional (3D) bioimaging techniques for observing living cells and thin tissue layers. We report a new reflection-mode ODT (rODT) method for imaging thick biological specimens with ~ 500 nm lateral resolution and ~1 μm axial resolution. In rODT, multiple scattering background is rejected through spatio-temporal gating provided by dynamic speckle-field interferometry, while depth-resolved refractive index maps are reconstructed by developing a comprehensive inverse scattering model that also considers specimen-induced aberration. Benefiting from the high-resolution and full-field quantitative imaging capabilities of rODT, we succeeded in imaging red blood cells and quantifying their membrane fluctuations behind a turbid sample with a thickness of 2.8 scattering mean-free-paths. We further realized volumetric imaging of cornea inside an ex vivo rat eye and quantified its optical properties, including mapping the topography of Dua's and Descemet's membrane surfaces on the nanometer scale. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Diffraction

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Ultra-Cold Cryogenic TEM with Liquid Helium and High Stability

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Rennich, Emily Sung, Suk Hyun Agarwal, Nishkarsh Gates, Maya Kerns, Robert Hovden, Robert Baggari, Ismail El The Rowland Institute at Harvard Harvard University CambridgeMA02142 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Michigan Center for Materials Char-acterization University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States

Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy has revolutionized structural biology and materials science, but achieving temperatures below the boiling point of liquid nitrogen remains a long-standing aspiration. We introduce an ultra-cold liquid helium transmission electron microscope specimen holder, featuring continuous cryogen flow and vibration decoupling. This instrument is compatible with modern aberration-corrected microscopes and achieves sub-25 K base temperature, ±2 mK thermal stability over many hours, and atomic resolution—setting the stage for a new era of cryogenic electron microscopy. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： High resolution transmission electron microscopy

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DMD Muscle Characteristics in the Time and Frequency Domain

DMD Muscle Characteristics in the Time and Frequency Domain

引用

IEEE Signal Processing in Medicine and Biology Symposium (SPMB)

作者： S. Ahdy R.H. Sandler M Monduy E. Baker J. Wells H.A. Mansy Biomedical Acoustic Research Lab University of Central Florida Orlando Florida USA Mechanical Power Engineering Department Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt Nemours Children's Hospital Orlando Florida USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781665470308

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal muscle degenerative disease affecting 1: 3500 male births [1]. It is caused by genetic mutations resulting in dystrophin protein deficiency. Dystrophin maintains membrane integrity; its deficiency causes myofiber damage under mechanical loading [1]. The resulting DMD muscle membrane tears impact its permeability which increases calcium concentration inside the cell and promotes inflammatory reactions and muscle degeneration [2]. Eventually, DMD muscle suffers a loss of mass, and becomes less functional due to inflammation and fibrosis [3]. Current therapies aim to slow disease progression, promote muscle regeneration and growth, and maintain muscle mass [2].

关键词： Proteins Frequency-domain analysis Degenerative diseases Loading Genetic mutations Medical treatment Muscles

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