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Reflecting on Impacts of COVID19 on Sustainable Buildings and Cities

Journal of engineering for Sustainable Buildings and Cities 2021年第1期2卷 010201页

作者： González, Jorge E. Krarti, Moncef The City College of New York Department of Mechanical Engineering New York NY 10031 Building Systems Program University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO 80309

The pandemic of Coronavirus Disease or COVID19 has disrupted all aspects of our lives in many ways since it was first detected in the early part of the year 2020; personal and professional lives were impacted including workplaces, learning environments, businesses, commerce, and industry. The global toll of impacted people has been higher than many anticipated, with more than 100 M confirmed infections as of this issue and more than 2.5 M of confirmed casualties [1]. To a large degree, buildings are at the center of the pandemic in terms of spread and its control. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) virus spreads rapidly from person to person as the main contamination source presenting major challenges for human socializations and interactions, which occur mostly in indoor environments. Thus, indoor environments are a potential opportunity to reduce infection or to increase...

关键词： Pandemics HVAC equipment Structures Air pollution Climate change Green buildings

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Uniform Snse Nanosheets on 3d Graphene Host Enabling a Dual-Nucleation-Site Interface for Dendrite-Free Sodium Metal Batteries

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Luo, Zhengtang Xu, Mengyang Liu, Zhenjing Li, Yang Mubarak, Nauman Wong, Hoilun Tamtaji, Mohsen Zhao, Yunhe Li, Yuyin Wang, Jun You, Jiawen Liu, Hongwei Cai, Yuting Zhang, Kenan Xu, Feng Amine, Khalil Kim, Jang-Kyo Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon999077 Hong Kong Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon999077 Hong Kong The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education School of Life Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'An710049 China Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'An710049 China Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division Argonne National Laboratory 9700 South Cass Avenue LemontIL60439 United States Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering University of New South Wales SydneyNSW2052 Australia

The practical application of naturally abundant sodium (Na) metal anodes with high energy densities is hindered by large volume expansion and dendrite formation during battery operation. This work reports the synthesis of tin selenide nanosheets uniformly grown on highly conductive, porous 3D graphene foam (SnSe@GF) as a stable host for Na metal anodes and the underlying conversion reactions as their energy storage mechanism. The SnSe@GF electrode prepared via hydrogel coating and phase transformation sustains remarkable reversibility after 1500 cycles in asymmetric cells and delivers extraordinary cyclic stability and low overpotentials for 2000 hours at 1 mA cm-2 and 1 mAh cm-2 in symmetric cells. The conversion of crystalline SnSe into low-crystallinity Na15Sn4 and Na2Se dual nucleation sites after pre-sodiation is responsible for the outstanding performance according to the in-situ microscopy and density functional theory calculations. The conversion enables the in-situ formation of a unique interface that possesses high Na affinity featured by abundant active sites, contributing to uniform Na nucleation/plating and dendrite suppression, thus give rising to superior stability and electrochemical performance of the SnSe@GF electrode. The rational design of the current 3D architecture can shed new insights into the development of Na hosts for next-generation rechargeable batteries. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nucleation

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Compatibility of Tio2 Reflective Material with Ce:Gagg Scintillators in Harsh Environments

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Park, Chansun Elmughrabi, Abdallah Melis, Alima Cho, Shinhaeng Kim, Sangsu Yeom, Jung-Yeol Global Health Technology Research Center Korea University Seoul02841 Korea Republic of Department of Bioengineering Korea University Seoul02841 Korea Republic of Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health Korea University Seoul02841 Korea Republic of Department of Radiation Oncology Chonnam National University Medical School Gwangju61469 Korea Republic of School of Biomedical Engineering Korea University Seoul02841 Korea Republic of

In this study, we developed Ce:GAGG ceramic scintillators (containing 5 × 5 × 2 mm3 Ce:GAGG single crystals) encapsulated by different light reflectors, namely, Teflon (400 μm), enhanced specular reflector (ESR) film (65 μm), and a titanium dioxide (TiO2) reflector with different thicknesses and measured their γ-ray spectra under irradiation by a 137Cs radioactive source. The reflectance of a 100-µm-thick (optimal thickness) TiO2 layer surpassed those of the other two counterparts and resulted in a high light-collection efficiency. In order to assess the temperature dependence of the reflectors, samples were heated up to 300 °C in air. The measured reflectance decreased with the increasing temperature, and the color of the reflector’s surface changed. The observed variations in the surface morphology, measured by scanning electron microscopy, corresponded to the determined reflectance of the TiO2 layer. Upon heating above 200 °C in air, the TiO2 layer decomposed into other oxides, with a simultaneous increase in its surface porosity. On the other hand, Ce:GAGG single crystal sample heated at 300 °C in vacuum showed only a negligible color variation, retained 80.3% of their initial reflectance, and exhibited an energy resolution of 12.8%. This implies that oxidation may be the cause of performance degradation, and a passivation layer may allow the use of reflectors at high temperatures. This was verified when a TiO2 layer covered with a heat-resistant epoxy exhibited comparable performance by isolating the reflecting from the air. The results obtained in this study suggest that a TiO2 layer can be used as a long-wavelength reflector in oxide and other types of scintillators for efficient radiation detection in harsh environments, including air-free environments, such as in aerospace, under vacuum conditions or when used in conjunction with a protective passivation layer. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Titanium dioxide

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Cellulose processing using ionic liquids: An analysis of patents and technological trends

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Heliyon 2024年第20期10卷 e39590页

作者： Vieira, Suellen Rocha Silva, Jania Betânia Alves da Pessôa, Luiggi Cavalcanti Nascimento, Renata Quartieri Galván, Karina Lizzeth Pedraza Souza, Carolina Oliveira de Cardoso, Lucas Guimarães Santana, Jamille Santos Assis, Denilson de Jesus Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering (PPEQ) Polytechnic School Federal University of Bahia (UFBA) Bahia Salvador 40210-630 Brazil Center for Exact and Technological Sciences Collegiate of Mechanical Engineering Federal University of Recôncavo of Bahia (UFRB) Bahia Cruz das Almas 44380-000 Brazil Graduate Program in Biotechnology-Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO) Federal University of Bahia (UFBA) Bahia Salvador 40231-300 Brazil Graduate Program in Food Science (PGAli)–College of Pharmacy Federal University of Bahia (UFBA) Bahia Salvador 40110-100 Brazil Department of Bromatological Analysis College of Pharmacy Federal University of Bahia (UFBA) Bahia Salvador 40110-100 Brazil Department of Engineering University Salvador (UNIFACS) Bahia Salvador 41820-021 Brazil

The production of cellulose derivatives using ionic liquid (IL) as solvents and catalysts has become prominent over the last few years, since the process eliminates the use of toxic substances. This study aimed to map and understand the trends in cellulose processing using ILs by a patent analytic approach and technology life cycle modeling. The documents were searched on the Espacenet® and Orbit® *** majority of innovations have come from companies based in developed countries. The data fitted to the sigmoid BiDoseResp model and the life cycle S-curve showed a market in an early stage of maturity. This mapping brings information that subsidizes decision-making regarding investments, research, and innovations aimed at IL-mediated cellulose treatment. Potential markets mostly use ILs of the imidazolium family in polymer chemistry, machinery, and biotechnology technologies. However, medical and pharmaceutical technologies and microstructure and nanostructure applications are still emerging, fostering perspectives for innovation. © 2024

关键词： Cellulose Dissolution Ionic liquids Mathematical model Patents

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Valvular Edge-to-Edge Repair Simulations are Highly Sensitive to Annular Boundary Conditions

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Hease, Collin E. Dubey, Vijay Mathur, Mrudang Pouch, Alison M. Timek, Tomasz A. Rausch, Manuel K. Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin 204 E. Dean Keeton Street AustinTX78712 United States Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Stanford University 870 Quarry Rd Extension Palo AltoCA94304 United States Department of Radiology University of Pennsylvania 3700 Hamilton Walk PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Corewell Health West Michigan State University College of Human Medicine 100 Michigan Ave SE Grand RapidsMI49503 United States Department of Aerospace Engineering & Engineering Mechanics The University of Texas at Austin 2617 Wichita Street AustinTX78712 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin 107 W. Dean Keeton Street AustinTX78712 United States The Oden Institute for Computational Engineering & Sciences The University of Texas at Austin 201 E. 24th Street AustinTX78712 United States Meijer Heart and Vascular Institute

Transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) simulations may provide insight into this novel therapeutic technology and help optimize its use. However, because of the relatively short history and technical complexity of TEER simulations, important questions remain unanswered. For example, there is no consensus on how to handle the annular boundary conditions in these simulations. In this short communication, we tested the sensitivity of such simulations to the choice of annular boundary conditions using a high-fidelity finite element model of a human tricuspid valve. Therein, we embedded the annulus among elastic springs to simulate the compliance of the perivalvular myocardium. Next, we varied the spring stiffness parametrically and explored the impact on two key measures of valve function: coaptation area and leaflet stress. Additionally, we compared our results to simulations with a pinned annulus. We found that a compliant annular boundary condition led to a TEER-induced "annuloplasty effect," i.e., annular remodeling, as observed clinically. Moreover, softer springs led to a larger coaptation area and smaller leaflet stresses. On the other hand, pinned annular boundary conditions led to unrealistically high stresses and no "annuloplasty effect." Furthermore, we found that the impact of the boundary conditions depended on the clip location. Our findings emphasize the importance of the annular boundary condition in TEER simulations. Thus, we recommend that care be taken when choosing annular boundary conditions and that results from simulations using pinned boundaries should be interpreted with caution. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

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SPH modelling of tsunami wave impact on low-rise structures

SPH modelling of tsunami wave impact on low-rise structures

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2020 Virtual International Conference on Coastal engineering, vICCE 2020

作者： Pringgana, Gede Cunningham, Lee S. Rogers, Benedict D. Civil Engineering Study Program Faculty of Engineering Udayana University Jalan Kampus Bukit Jimbaran Badung80361 Indonesia Department of Mechanical Aerospace and Civil Engineering The University of Manchester ManchesterM13 9PL United Kingdom

This study examines the influence of low-rise structure orientations on tsunami-induced impact force. The particular focus is on low-rise structures since these often make up the majority of building stock in tsunami prone areas and are usually most vulnerable. The meshless method smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is used for simulating the tsunami flow. Multiple cube structures named A, B and C were arranged at different angles of rotation and were situated on a flat shore. Four cases were simulated with variation on the number of structures and orientation toward the tsunami direction. Case 1 comprises a single structure (SS) C without rotation (R=0°) and used as the baseline, Case 2 contains multiple structures (MS) A, B and C without rotation (R=0°), Case 3 includes multiple structures (MS) A, B and C with 30° rotation (R=30°), and Case 4 consist of multiple structures (MS) A, B and C with 45° rotation (R=45°). The simulations show that for a 2-solitary wave train the front structures generated a flow focusing effect that accelerated the bore velocity. The orientation of the multiple structures to the direction of the oncoming tsunami bore significantly affected the magnitude of the applied force, where the most effective structure orientation is provided by the 45-degree rotation. The results of this study emphasize the potential for improving tsunami resilience through appropriate positioning of structures. Importantly, such large reductions in force may provide an economic solution to building resilience in developing countries prone to tsunamis. © 2020 American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). All rights reserved.

关键词： Tsunamis

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Prediction of tumour mutational burden of squamous cell carcinoma using histopathology images of surgical specimens

Prediction of tumour mutational burden of squamous cell carc...

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Medical Imaging 2020: Digital Pathology

作者： Dammak, Salma Cecchini, Matthew Baranova, Katherina Palma, David Kwan, Keith Ward, Aaron D. School of Biomedical Engineering Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program Western University LondonON Canada Department of Medical Biophysics Western University LondonON Canada Department of Oncology Western University LondonON Canada Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry Western University LondonON Canada Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Western University LondonON Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781510634077

Immunotherapy is a novel anti-cancer treatment that shows significant improvements in outcomes for lung cancer patients. However, this treatment has the potential for substantial side effects in a minority of patients, and many lung cancer patients do not benefit from it. programmed-death ligand-1 expression in tumour cells is currently the main biomarker used to identify those who might benefit but it is not very accurate. Tumour mutational burden (TMB) is a promising alternative, with lung cancers having more than 10 mutations/megabase being more likely to respond to immunotherapy. However, the cost and time it takes to obtain TMB makes it difficult to implement in the clinic. In this study, we used the deep learning technique of transfer learning with Alexnet to obtain a model that can estimate whether a cancer is highly mutated or not based on digitized hematoxylin and eosin histology slides that are routinely obtained from surgical resection of squamous cell carcinoma. The system was developed using images from 20 patients obtained through The Cancer Genome Atlas, five of which were reserved for validation. On this validation set, the system had an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.80, error rate of 24%, false negative rate of 26%, and false positive rate of 22%. This motivates additional work in this direction to build a system that can be used in the future to inform physicians as to which patients with squamous lung carcinoma would benefit from immunotherapy. © 2020 SPIE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cancer Lung cancer Genetics Medicine Lung Computer aided diagnosis and therapy Convolutional neural networks Decision support systems Medical imaging Pathology

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An Image Registration Framework to Estimate 3D Myocardial Strains from Cine Cardiac MRI in Mice 11th

An Image Registration Framework to Estimate 3D Myocardial St...

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11th International Conference on Functional Imaging and Modeling of the Heart, FIMH 2021

作者： Keshavarzian, Maziyar Fugate, Elizabeth Chavan, Saurabh Chu, Vy Arif, Mohammed Lindquist, Diana Sadayappan, Sakthivel Avazmohammadi, Reza Department of Biomedical Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX77843 United States Department of Radiology University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center CincinnatiOH45229 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX77843 United States Department of Internal Medicine Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease Heart Lung and Vascular Institute University of Cincinnati College of Medicine CincinnatiOH45267 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783030787097

Accurate and efficient quantification of cardiac motion offers promising biomarkers for non-invasive diagnosis and prognosis of structural heart diseases. Cine cardiac magnetic resonance imaging remains one of the most advanced imaging tools to provide image acquisitions needed to assess and quantify in-vivo heart kinematics. The majority of cardiac motion studies are focused on human data, and there remains a need to develop and implement an image-registration pipeline to quantify full three-dimensional (3D) cardiac motion in mice where ideal image acquisition is challenged by the subject size and heart rate and the possibility of traditional tagged imaging is hampered. In this study, we used diffeomorphic image registration to estimate strains in the left ventricular wall in two wild-type mice and one diabetic mouse. Our pipeline resulted in a continuous and fully 3D strain map over one cardiac cycle. The estimation of 3D regional and transmural variations of strains is a critical step towards identifying mechanistic biomarkers for improved diagnosis and phenotyping of structural left heart diseases including heart failure with reduced or preserved ejection fraction. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Image registration

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Urban scaling of firearm violence, ownership and accessibility in the United States

Nature Cities

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Nature Cities 2024年第3期1卷 216-224页

作者： Rayan Succar Maurizio Porfiri Center for Urban Science and Progress Tandon School of Engineering New York University Brooklyn NY USA Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Tandon School of Engineering New York University Brooklyn NY USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Tandon School of Engineering New York University Brooklyn NY USA

The United States is ranked first in gun possession globally and is among the countries suffering the most from firearm violence. Several aspects of the US firearm ecosystem have been detailed over the years, mostly focusing on nation- or state-level phenomena. Systematic, high-resolution studies that compare US cities are largely lacking, leaving several questions open. For example, how does firearm violence vary with the population size of a US city? Are guns more prevalent and accessible in larger cities? In search of answers to these questions, we apply urban scaling theory, which has been instrumental in understanding the present and future of urbanization for the past 15 years. We collate a dataset about firearm violence, accessibility and ownership in 929 cities, ranging from 10,000 to 20,000,000 people. We discover superlinear scaling of firearm violence (measured through the incidence of firearm homicides and armed robberies) and sublinear scaling of both firearm ownership (inferred from the percentage of suicides that are committed with firearm) and firearm accessibility (measured as the prevalence of federal firearm-selling licenses). To investigate the mechanism underlying the US firearm ecosystem, we establish a novel information-theoretic methodology that infers associations from the variance of urban features about scaling laws. We unveil influence of violence and firearm accessibility on firearm ownership, which we model through a Cobb–Douglas function. Such an influence suggests that self-protection could be a critical driver of firearm ownership in US cities, whose extent is moderated by access to firearms.

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Under-Oil Neuronal Cell Culture: Enhanced System Stability, Yield, and Modulated Oxygen Environment

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Journal of Neuroscience Methods 2025年 110511页

作者： Nai-Wen Liang Ligi Milesh Karina N. Buttram Jessica L. Park Jing Zhang Luke A. Summey Christian Franck David J. Beebe Hau D. Le Chao Li Department of Biomedical Engineering Department of Surgery Department of Mechanical Engineering Carbone Cancer Center Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Wisconsin-Madison 500 Lincoln Drive Madison WI 53706 USA Department of Chemical Engineering Carnegie Mellon University 5000 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA

Background Culturing neuronal cells in vitro , especially at smaller scales with reduced media volumes, has been challenging due to the limited proliferation of mature neurons and the inherent high sensitivity of neuronal cells to environmental fluctuations. New method In this study, we report a neuronal cell culture method that leverages oil overlay and an autonomously regulated oxygen microenvironment (AROM), in which primary rat cortical cells and human neural progenitor cells (NPCs) were cultured in standard well plates with an oil overlay on top of the media layer. The oil overlay prevents evaporation and achieves in vivo -like oxygen concentrations without the use of glove boxes or hypoxic chambers. Results This oil overlay method achieved >95% yield of viable replicates after up to 30 days. Human NPCs cultured under the oil overlay for 15 days exhibited sustained viability without requiring media change. Additionally, oil overlays create a modulated oxygen microenvironment (i.e., AROM) that mimics in vivo conditions, capable of maintaining and restoring optimal oxygen concentrations after disturbances. Comparison with existing method In contrast, existing method (no-oil controls) resulted in <20% yield, low viability for human NPCs (11% versus 89% with oil overlay), and oxygen concentrations that returns to ambient levels (21% oxygen). Conclusion Overall, these results support the oil overlay method as a robust small-scale neuronal cell culture system, offering improved stability and higher yield. The results also underscore the critical role of the oxygen microenvironment in supporting neuronal cell viability, maintenance, and growth.

关键词： cell culture technique hiPSC-derived NPC oil overlay oxygen microenvironment

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