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arXiv 2024年

作者： Sirote-Katz, Chaviva Palti, Ofri Spiro, Naomi Kálmán, Tamás Shokef, Yair Department of Biomedical Engineering Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv69978 Israel The Future Scientists Center Alpha Program Tel Aviv Youth University Tel Aviv69978 Israel University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States Department of Mathematics Institute of Science Tokyo H-214 2-12-1 Ookayama Tokyo Meguro-ku152-8551 Japan Hiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima739-8526 Japan School of Mechanical Engineering Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv69978 Israel Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv69978 Israel Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv69978 Israel

Combinatorial mechanical metamaterials are made of anisotropic, flexible blocks, such that multiple metamaterials may be constructed using a single block type, and the system’s response strongly depends on the mutual orientations of the blocks within the lattice. We study a family of possible block types for the square, honeycomb, and cubic lattices. Blocks that are centrally symmetric induce holographic order, such that mechanical compatibility (meaning that blocks do not impede each other’s motion) implies bulk-boundary coupling. With them, one can design a compatible metamaterial that will deform in any desired texture only on part of its boundary. With blocks that break holographic order, we demonstrate how to design the deformation texture on the entire boundary. Correspondingly, the number of compatible holographic metamaterials scales exponentially with the boundary, while in non-holographic cases we show that it scales exponentially with the bulk. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Holography

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Patient-specific, mechanistic models of tumor growth incorporating artificial intelligence and big data

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Lorenzo, Guillermo Ahmed, Syed Rakin Hormuth, David A. Vaughn, Brenna Kalpathy-Cramer, Jayashree Solorio, Luis Yankeelov, Thomas E. Gomez, Hector Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture University of Pavia Pavia27100 Italy Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital BostonMA02129 United States Harvard Graduate Program in Biophysics Harvard Medical School Harvard University CambridgeMA02115 United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Dartmouth College HanoverNH02139 United States Livestrong Cancer Institutes The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States Department of Ophthalmology University of Colorado Anschutz DenverCO80045 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Department of Oncology The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Department of Imaging Physics MD Anderson Cancer Center HoustonTX77030 United States Department of Diagnostic Medicine The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States Purdue Center for Cancer Research Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States

Despite the remarkable advances in cancer diagnosis, treatment, and management that have occurred over the past decade, malignant tumors remain a major public health problem. Further progress in combating cancer may be enabled by personalizing the delivery of therapies according to the predicted response for each individual patient. The design of personalized therapies requires patient-specific information integrated into an appropriate mathematical model of tumor response. A fundamental barrier to realizing this paradigm is the current lack of a rigorous, yet practical, mathematical theory of tumor initiation, development, invasion, and response to therapy. In this review, we begin by providing an overview of different approaches to modeling tumor growth and treatment, including mechanistic as well as data-driven models based on "big data" and artificial intelligence. Next, we present illustrative examples of mathematical models manifesting their utility and discussing the limitations of stand-alone mechanistic and data-driven models. We further discuss the potential of mechanistic models for not only predicting, but also optimizing response to therapy on a patient-specific basis. We then discuss current efforts and future possibilities to integrate mechanistic and data-driven models. We conclude by proposing five fundamental challenges that must be addressed to fully realize personalized care for cancer patients driven by computational models. © 2023, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Big data

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Sag and Flicker Reduction Using Hysteresis-Fuzzy Control-Based SMES Unit

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Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer engineering 2019年第1期42卷 52-57页

作者： Yunus, A. M. Shiddiq Habriansyah, Imran Abu-Siada, Ahmed Masoum, Mohammad A.S. Energy Conversion Study Program Mechanical Engineering Department State Polytechnic of Ujung Pandang Makassar90245 Indonesia Mechatronics Study Program Mechanical Engineering Department State Polytechnic of Ujung Pandang Makassar90245 Indonesia Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Curtin University BentleyWA6102 United States Department of Engineering Utah Valley University OremUT84058 United States

The issue of power quality is one of the prominent factors in determining the reliability of power systems. It is inevitable to consider power quality issues and include appropriate mitigation techniques in the design of any future power system project construction. Voltage sag and flicker are the two most common short disturbance types of power quality issues that frequently occur in power systems. A widely accepted mitigation strategy to enhance the power quality of disturbed networks is by connecting a flexible ac transmission system. In this paper, a superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) unit along with hysteresis-fuzzy controller to suppress the severe impacts of voltage sag and flicker events on the power quality of a power system is proposed, implemented, and tested. The proposed SMES configuration with hysteresis current control and fuzzy logic controller is effective, simple, and easy to implement. Simulation results show the ability of the proposed SMES controller in compensating sag and/or flicker distortions. © 2003-2010 IEEE Canada.

关键词： Power quality

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Corrigendum to polycaprolactone/sodium alginate membrane with MgZnO nanoparticles for treatment of periodontal infection in diabetic wistaar rats [J Mater Res Technol 29 (2024) 3366-3379]

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Journal of Materials Research and Technology 2024年 32卷 1479-1479页

作者： Tahreem Tanweer Nosheen Fatima Rana Ayesha Naeem Iqra Shafique Farid Menaa Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST) Islamabad 44000 Pakistan Department of Internal Medicine and Nanomedicine California Innovations Corporation San Diego CA 92037 USA

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Primary air coal supply speed analysis to prevent refractory furnace abrasion using CFD method at Tenayan steam power plant

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2592卷

作者： Ridwan Abdurrahman Mae Nitto Budi Karsono Abrar Ridwan Lega Putri Utami Mechanical Engineering Study Program Riau University Pekanbaru 28293 Indonesia PT. Pembangkitan Jawa–Bali PLTU Tenayan Raya Pekanbaru 28285 Indonesia Mechanical Engineering Department Universitas Muhammadiyah Riau Pekanbaru 28294 Indonesia Mechanical Engineering Study Program Andalas University Padang 25175 Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the occurrence of abrasion in the Refractory Furnace in the Coal Supply Unit 1 area at Tenayan Steam Power Plant. This analysis uses the CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamic) method. The test carried out is to determine the amount of velocity which has a direct impact on the Refractory Furnace abrasion. The results of the analysis show that refractory abrasion occurs due to the insufficient angle of the primary air coal supply so that a design modification must be made to obtain a lower velocity.

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Energy conservation opportunities in coal-fired power plant through detailed energy audit

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2683卷

作者： Suriyan Wibowo Berkah Kiono Jaka Windarta Magister Program of Energy School of Postgraduate Studies Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia

As the dominant primary energy user until 2050 in. Indonesia, coal-fired power plant energy conservation effortsneed to be increased through a detailed energy audit. Power plant energy performance indicator expressed by Net Plant Heat Rate (NPHR) as the energy required to produce one kWh of net electricity. Energy audits are conducted by comparing NPHR value between actual conditions against commissioning at 61 MW gross loads through performance tests based onASME PTC standards. Actual NPHR increase due to several factors that have been identified by comparing operating parameters and central equipment performance between actual against commissioning value. Furthermore, the deviation of each parameter with different units converted into heat rate unit using references from manufacture NPHR correction factor and Southern Company heat rate handbook. The results show that actual NPHR increased by 510.21 kcal/kWh or 16.93% compared to commissioning value and potentially increased fuel costs to 1,270,147 USD per year. Significant factors that cause NPHR increase are condenser pressure increase, isentropic turbine efficiency decrease, two LPH out of service, primary and secondary air preheater effectiveness decrease, primary and secondary air preheater leakage increase. The study suggests several recommendations to reduce those losses through operation control and equipment repair.

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Evaluation of the distribution of forces on the foot under axial impact loading to assess variations among altered ankle postures between two ATD models

Evaluation of the distribution of forces on the foot under a...

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2019 International Research Council on Biomechanics of Injury Conference, IRCOBI 2019

作者： de Lange, Julia Quenneville, Cheryl E. Biomedical Engineering McMaster University in Ontario Canada Department of Mechanical Engineering McMaster University Canada

Anthropomorphic Test Devices (ATDs) are used to assess injury risk during impact scenarios, such as motor vehicle collisions. Risk of foot/ankle injuries in these scenarios is traditionally evaluated by analyzing the peak axial force and the Tibia Index, collected from tibia load cells. This neglects assessment of foot injury risk and does not account for potential changes in injury assessment at altered postures. Two commonly used ATDs, the Hybrid III and Military Lower Extremity, were exposed to impacts at five different ankle postures, at varying degrees of flexion. An array of piezoresistive sensors located on the insole of a boot was employed to assess the load distribution variations between postures and ATD models. Both posture and ATD model affected the load distribution on the foot, highlighting the need to establish injury limits for non-neutral postures. The increase in forefoot loading during plantarflexion was not reflected in the standard industry metrics, suggesting that increased fracture risk to the forefoot would not be detected. The differences in load distribution between the models also emphasizes the importance of selecting the correct surrogate. These data will be useful for establishing ATD measures that correspond to future PMHS injury tests at altered postures. © 2019 International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury. All rights reserved.

关键词： Risk assessment

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The impact of decellularization methods on extracellular matrix derived hydrogels (vol 54, pg 1067, 2019)

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SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 2019年第1期9卷 1-12页

作者： Fernandez-Perez, Julia Ahearne, Mark Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering School of Engineering Trinity College Dublin the University of Dublin Dublin Ireland. Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering Trinity Biomedical Science Institute Trinity College Dublin the University of Dublin Dublin Ireland. Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering School of Engineering Trinity College Dublin the University of Dublin Dublin Ireland. ahearnm@tcd.ie. Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering Trinity Biomedical Science Institute Trinity College Dublin the University of Dublin Dublin Ireland. ahearnm@tcd.ie.

Tissue-derived decellularized biomaterials are ideal for tissue engineering applications as they mimic the biochemical composition of the native tissue. These materials can be used as hydrogels for cell encapsulation and delivery. The decellularization process can alter the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and thus influence the hydrogels characteristics. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of decellularization protocols in ECM-derived hydrogels obtained from porcine corneas. Porcine corneas were isolated and decellularized with SDS, Triton X-100 or by freeze-thaw cycles. All decellularization methods decreased DNA significantly when measured by PicoGreen and visually assessed by the absence of cell nuclei. Collagen and other ECM components were highly retained, as quantified by hydroxyproline content and sGAG, by histological analysis and by SDS-PAGE. Hydrogels obtained by freeze-thaw decellularization were the most transparent. The method of decellularization impacted gelation kinetics assessed by turbidimetric analysis. All hydrogels showed a fibrillary and porous structure determined by cryoSEM. Human corneal stromal cells were embedded in the hydrogels to assess cytotoxicity. SDS decellularization rendered cytotoxic hydrogels, while the other decellularization methods produced highly cytocompatible hydrogels. Freeze-thaw decellularization produced hydrogels with the overall best properties.

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Expanded Diameter of Coronary Metal Stent: Simulation and Experiment 2

Expanded Diameter of Coronary Metal Stent: Simulation and Ex...

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2nd International Conference on Bioinformatics, Biotechnology and biomedical engineering - Bioinformatics and biomedical engineering, BioMIC 2019

作者： Tontowi, Alva Edy Ramadhani, Ogy Satria Sukiman Dewi, Nurul Aulia Taufiq, Nahar Universitas Gadjah Mada Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Yogyakarta55281 Indonesia Universitas Khairun Department of Mechanical Ternate97719 Indonesia Faculty of Engineering Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Yogyakarta55281 Indonesia Universitas Gadjah Mada Biomedical Engineering Biotechnology Program Study Yogyakarta55281 Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9781728147116

Information of expanded-diameter of stent provided by manufacturer is important for cardiologists and required during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedure. The expanded diameter of the stent is experimentally obtained by inflating a balloon catheter at a certain pressure, from normal to burst pressures. For stent manufacturer view in which stent mass production was taken place, testing of huge number of stent by experiment would be costly and it would be less expensive by simulation. The aims of the present work therefore would investigate the correlation of inflated pressures to expanded diameters which would be done by simulation or numerical and experiment. Numerical work has been performed by software ABAQUS and experiment has been done by using hydraulic inflated device. Stent model was open cell type made of stainless steel 316. The inflated pressures of 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 MPa were applied to both numerical and experiment works. Results on numerical and experimental show that expanded diameter increases proportionally to the increase of inflated pressures. However, at the inflated pressure of 0.8 MPa, there was significant gap between the outer diameter obtained by numerical and experiment. Numerical result depicted over estimate to that of experiment. The inflated pressure window for having inflated diameter of 4mm to 4.5mm was 0.8 to 1.1 MPa. Although, numerically the stent has been fractured due to the von Mises stress was already over the ultimate stress of the material, in fact there was no evident depicted by SEM image. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Stents

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How can molecular dynamics simulations assist with gene medicines?

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Biomaterials and Biosystems 2021年 2卷 100014页

作者： Uludağ, Hasan Tang, Tian Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Canada Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Canada Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton Canada Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton Canada

Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations can provide a glimpse of complex atomistic and molecular events at the interface of biomaterials and biosystems. Gene therapy efforts that deploy biomaterial mediated delivery of nucleic acids could benefit immensely from such MD simulations. These efforts most commonly employ supramolecular assembly whose structure is highly dynamic and influential in the final outcomes. By careful analysis of the behavior of constituting elements, one can visualize the assembly as it makes its way though biosystems. We highlight the beneficial information to be gained from MD studies in this short perspective and outline a vision for future activity in the field. © 2021

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