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LOOKING BEYOND SELF-REPORTED COGNITIVE LOAD: INVESTIGATING THE USE OF EYE TRACKING IN THE STUDY OF DESIGN REPRESENTATIONS IN engineering DESIGN 24

LOOKING BEYOND SELF-REPORTED COGNITIVE LOAD: INVESTIGATING T...

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24th International Conference on engineering Design, ICED 2023

作者： Cass, Madison Prabhu, Rohan Neuroscience Program Lafayette College United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Lafayette College United States

Designers are experiencing greater mental demands given the complexity of design tools, necessitating the study of cognitive load in design. Researchers have identified task- and designer-related factors that affect cognitive load;however, these studies primarily use self-reported measures that could be inaccurate and incomplete. Little research has tested the accuracy and completeness of self-reported measures and we aim to explore this gap. Towards this aim, we seek to answer the question: How does cognitive load vary based on the different design representations used, and do these differences depend on the measure of cognitive load? From our results, we see that the design representations vary in the range of cognitive load experienced by designers when using them. Moreover, this role of the range of cognitive load variance was observed given our use of pupil diameter. These findings call for the use of a multi-modal approach for measuring cognitive load with the combined use of subjective (e.g., self-report) and objective measures (e.g., physiological measures), as well as the use of both retrospective (e.g., self-report) and concurrent measures (e.g., physiological measures). © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press.

关键词： Eye tracking

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Automatic Cataract and Cholesterol Detection System Based on Recurrent Neural Network (RNN): A Comparison with Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Siamese Neural Network (SNN) 1

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19th International Conference of Intelligent Unmanned Systems, ICIUS 2023

作者： Lie, Zener S. Widodo, Jatmiko A. F. Hanesi, Isabel K. P. Moningka, Matthew R. N. Mariana, Y. Astuti, Winda Akmeliawati, Rini Automotive and Robotics Program Computer Engineering Department BINUS ASO School of Engineering Bina Nusantara University Jakarta11480 Indonesia Product Design program Industrial Engineering Department BINUS ASO School of Engineering Bina Nusantara University Jakarta11480 Indonesia Robotics and Automation Research Group School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering The University of Adelaide North Terrace Campus Adelaide Australia

ISBN: (数字)9789819765911

ISBN: (纸本)9789819765904

In Indonesia, the majority of blindness cases, approximately 81%, are attributed to cataract. Additionally, 35% of the population has higher cholesterol levels than the standard normal range. The lack of specialized medical equipment, such as the slit-lamp (Ruparelia in Dalhousie Med J 49(1), [1]) bio-microscope, and trained professionals, especially in rural areas, make it difficult to detect these conditions through eye examinations. To address this issue, a supervised machine learning method, the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), has been utilized to create an iris scanner system that can identify cataract and high cholesterol in a patient. This system will classify eyes into three categories, i.e., cataract, high cholesterol, and normal iris. The computer simulations indicate that this technique is more accurate and requires less training time compared to the existing Convolutional Neural Network (ANN) and Siamese Neural Network (SNN)-based method, while achieving 100% accuracy. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Injection moulding process parameter and strain rate dependence mechanical properties measurement and theoretical estimation of EVA polymer foam

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Journal of Mechanics 2024年第40期40卷 1-9页

作者： Tsang, Yuk-Wah Fu, Hsiao-Ju Huang, Pei-Chen Yadav, Bishnu-Nand Liu, De-Shin Department of Radiation Oncology Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital Chiayi City Taiwan Department of Biomedical Engineering Chung Yuan Christian University Taoyuan City Taiwan Advanced Institute of Manufacturing for High-tech Innovations National Chung Cheng University Chiayi Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering National Chung Cheng University Chiayi Taiwan

In this study, the combined experimental and theoretical estimation on elastic characteristics of EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate) copolymer material is demonstrated. Strain rate dependence stress-strain behavior of EVA in raw and foam material form are measured by the quasi static and dynamic compression test. Simultaneously, the influence of different mould temperature and injection pressure on mechanical properties of EVA foam are investigated. According to the usage scenario of EVA foam in sport footwear application, the EVA foam is generally deformed under higher strain rate as compared with the quasi-static compression condition. For this reason, the stress-strain behavior of EVA foam under high strain rates of 2.66 × 10-3 and 2.66 × 10-2 s-1 are estimated. The analytic results revealed that the strain rate slightly enhanced the modulus of EVA foam, and the foregoing strain rate effect is substituting into the classic Young's modulus estimation equation of closed cell cellular solid. Accordingly, the strain rate dependence Young's modulus of EVA foam is successfully estimated by both experiment and theoretical estimation. © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Republic of China, Taiwan.

关键词： Elastic moduli

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FEM simulation and optimization on rotating extrusion of bi-metal rod with constant shear friction 8

FEM simulation and optimization on rotating extrusion of bi-...

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8th International Conference of Precision Machinery and Manufacturing Technology, ICPMMT 2023

作者： Huang, P.H. Huang, S.W. Teng, H.Y. Tzou, G.Y. Lu, C. Department of Mechanical Engineering National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Douliou Yunlin64002 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute of Mechatronic Engineering Cheng Shiu University Niaosong Kaohsiung83347 Taiwan School of Mechanical Materials Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences University of Wollongong Northfields Ave. WollongongNSW2522 Australia

This study assuming constant shear friction adopts FEM simulation and the optimization to investigate into extrusion of bi-metal rod which consisted of Aluminum alloy (Core) and Copper alloy (Sleeve) with a rotating die taking tonto account the interface at bi-metal rod under the bonding situation. The forming characteristics, e.g. the effective stress, the effective strain, the velocity field, the extrusion force, the extrusion torque, and die stress can be gained by using FEM commercial software. The FEM optimization for extrusion force combines Taguchi method to establish the L934 orthogonal table that includes four control factors which are rotating angular velocity (ω), frictional factor at the interface of sleeve and die (m1), half die angle (α°), and inner die filet (R). The ranking of influence factors and the optimization combination can be obtained from FEM simulation to provide the reference to the industries. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Dies

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Decreasing control signal vibrations in the anti-noise model-free sliding mode control algorithm

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International Journal of Systems, Control and Communications 2023年第4期14卷 341-356页

作者： Diab, Jomana Mahmoud Wasouf, Hasnaa Faculty of Biomedical Engineering Al Andalus University for Medical Sciences Al-Qadmous Tartous0963-043 Syria Al Baath University Homs0963-031 Syria Department of Automatic Control and Computers Engineering Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Al Baath University Homs0963-031 Syria

Thanks to the model-free sliding mode control (MFSMC) algorithm, we were able to overcome errors resulting from the modelling process. When this algorithm was tested in a noise-prone environment, it was observed that the system was not able to track the desired path. In previous research, an anti-noise model-free sliding mode control (AMFSMC) algorithm was proposed. It improved the performance of MFSMC algorithm and made it noise-resistant. The control signal of that AMFSMC algorithm has a lot of chattering, which limits the use of the algorithm in practice. In this research, an improved anti-noise model-free sliding mode control (IAMFSMC) algorithm was proposed to solve the chattering problem. The control law of AMFSMC was modified using three techniques: boundary layer, quasi-sliding mode control, and saturation function. The IAMFSMC algorithm was applied to a second-order linear system. The system performance using the three techniques was compared to that when the AMFSMC algorithm was applied. Simulation results showed that using the saturation function gave good tracking response, despite the presence of noise, with chattering-free and smooth control signal. Copyright © 2023 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Sliding mode control

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Selective inhibition effects on cancer cells and bacteria of Ni–Ti–O nanoporous layers grown on biomedical NiTi alloy by anodization

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Rare Metals 2022年第1期41卷 78-85页

作者： Yan-Lian Liu Yong-Hua Sun Ya Zhao Chun-Lin Li Fei-Long Zhao Xiao-Hong Yao Rui-Qiang Hang Paul K.Chu School of Mechanical Engineering North University of ChinaTaiyuan 030051China Laboratory of Biomaterial Surfaces and Interfaces Institute of New Carbon MaterialsTaiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China Department of Physics Department of Materials Science and Engineeringand Department of Biomedical EngineeringCity University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China

Stents made of nearly equiatomic NiTi alloy are used to treat malignant obstruction caused by cancer,but prevention of re-obstruction after surgery is still a challenge because the bare stents possess poor anticancer and antibacterial properties to inhibit cancer/bacteria *** present work aims at endowing the NiTi alloy with anticancer and antibacterial abilities by surface ***–Ti–O nanoporous layers with different thicknesses were prepared on NiTi by anodization,and biological experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects on gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus,human lung epithelial cancer cells(A549),as well as human endothelial cells(***926).The nanoporous layer with a thickness of 10.1 lm inhibits growth of cancer cells and kill bacteria but shows little adverse effects on normal *** selectivity is related to the larger amount of Ni ions leached from the sample in the acidic microenvironment of cancer cells in comparison with normal *** Ni–Ti–O nanoporous layers are promising as coatings on NiTi stents to prevent re-obstruction after surgery.

关键词： Nickel–titanium alloy Anodization Nanopores Anticancer ability Antibacterial ability

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Fabricating 3-dimensional human brown adipose microtissues for transplantation studies

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第4期22卷 518-534页

作者： Ou Wang Li Han Haishuang Lin Mingmei Tian Shuyang Zhang Bin Duan Soonkyu Chung Chi Zhang Xiaojun Lian Yong Wang Yuguo Lei Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Nebraska-LincolnNEUSA Biomedical Engineering Program University of Nebraska-LincolnNEUSA Department of Biomedical Engineering Pennsylvania State UniversityPAUSA China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Co. Ltd.BeijingChina Department of Chemistry University of Nebraska-LincolnNEUSA Mary&Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program and Division of Cardiology Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNEUSA Department of Nutrition University of MassachusettsAmherstMAUSA School of Biological Science University of Nebraska-LincolnNEUSA Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences Pennsylvania State UniversityPAUSA

Transplanting cell cultured brown adipocytes(BAs)represents a promising approach to prevent and treat obesity(OB)and its associated metabolic disorders,including type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).However,transplanted BAs have a very low survival rate in *** enzymatic dissociation during the harvest of fully differentiated BAs also loses significant *** is a critical need for novel methods that can avoid cell death during cell preparation,transplantation,and in ***,we reported that preparing BAs as injectable microtissues could overcome the *** found that 3D culture promoted BA differentiation and UCP-1 expression,and the optimal initial cell aggregate size was 100μ*** microtissues could be produced at large scales via 3D suspension assisted with a PEG hydrogel and could be *** microtissues could survive in vivo for long *** alleviated body weight and fat gain and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet(HFD)-induced OB and T2DM *** microtissues impacted multiple organs,secreted protein factors,and influenced the secretion of endogenous *** our best knowledge,this is the first report on fabricating human BA microtissues and showing their safety and efficacy in T2DM *** proposal of transplanting fabricated BA microtissues,the microtissue fabrication method,and the demonstration of efficacy in T2DM mice are all *** results show that engineered 3D human BA microtissues have considerable advantages in product scalability,storage,purity,safety,dosage,survival,and efficacy.

关键词： Brown adipocyte Microtissue Transplantation Obesity Type 2 diabetes

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Dynamic Stability of a Sieve Shaker Used in a Pachouli Oil Refining Process 3rd

Dynamic Stability of a Sieve Shaker Used in a Pachouli Oil R...

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3rd International Conference on Experimental and Computational Mechanics in engineering, ICECME 2021

作者： Kurniawan, Rudi Fuadi, Zahrul Abubakar, Fathurrahman Afdhal, Afdhal Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh Indonesia Undergraduate Study Program Department of Mechanical Engineering Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh Indonesia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9789811936289

One of the problems causing low quality of essential oils is the high content of solvent resulting from traditional extraction process employing low purity metallic components. This extracted oil therefore requires further process to improve the patchouli alcohol content of the oil by removing unwanted components. One of the process is by mixing the oil with bentonite and zeolite. In this study, a sieve shaker is designed to be used at an integrated equipment for patchouli oil refining process. In order to have a dynamically stable shaker, it is necessary to investigate the effect of various components for the stability, particularly the spring stiffness. The simulation was conducted using Autodesk Inventor using a one degree of freedom model. It is shown from the result that, for the defined condition, the sieve shaker shown a stable condition for the spring stiffness value at least 10 kN/m. Spring stiffness lower than the value could cause detachment of the roll follower from the cam, resulting in impact between the components. © 2023, The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Stiffness

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Severe Plastically Deformed Mg–Zn–Zr–RE Alloy Developed as a Biomaterial

Severe Plastically Deformed Mg–Zn–Zr–RE Alloy Developed a...

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Magnesium Technology Symposium held at the TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition, 2024

作者： Shunmugasamy, Vasanth C. Mansoor, Bilal Mechanical Engineering Program Texas A&M University at Qatar Doha Qatar Department of Materials Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783031502392

Mg alloysMagnesium alloys (Mg alloys) have high corrosion rateCorrosion Rate that inhibits their application as biomaterialBiomaterials. For safe use as biomaterial, it is essential to control their corrosion ratesCorrosion Rate. In Mg alloys, microgalvanicMicro-galvanic corrosion coupling between the α-Mg matrix and secondary precipitates can exist which results in increased corrosion rate. To address this challenge, we engineered the microstructureMicrostructure of a biodegradable Mg–Zn–RE–Zr alloy by severe plastic deformationPlastic deformation process such as friction stir processingFriction Stir Processing (FSP) (FSP), improving its corrosion resistance and mechanical propertiesmechanical Properties simultaneously. Subjecting the alloy to FSP resulted in refined grains, basal textureTexture and broken and uniformly distributed secondary precipitates. In vitro corrosion of base material showed microgalvanic coupling between precipitate and matrix, resulting in unstable surface layer. The processed alloy showed uniform corrosion owing to formation of stable surface film formation, due to the refined grains, texture, and distribution of precipitates. The results show promising potential of Mg alloyMagnesium alloys (Mg alloys)as biomaterialBiomaterials. © The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2024.

关键词： Corrosion resistance

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mechanical Characterization of Epoxy Resin Manufactured Using Frontal Polymerization 38

Mechanical Characterization of Epoxy Resin Manufactured Usin...

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38th Technical Conference of the American Society for Composites, ASC 2023

作者： Tarafdar, Amirreza Woodbury, Cameron Naderi, Ali Wang, Xinlu Lin, Wenhua Hosein, Ian D. Wang, Yeqing Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Syracuse University SyracuseNY13244 United States Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Syracuse University SyracuseNY13244 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781605956916

Frontal polymerization (FP) is a promising alternative manufacturing method for thermoset-based fiber-reinforced polymer composites (FRP) in comparison with the traditional autoclave/oven-curing method, due to its rapid curing process, low energy consumption, and low cost. Optimizing the weight contents of initiators relative to the resin's mass is needed to adjust the mechanical properties of FRPs in industrial applications. This study investigates the effect of varying the photo-initiator (PI) weight content on tensile properties and the frontal polymerization characteristics, including the front velocity, front temperature, and degree of cure, in the FP process of the epoxy resin. Specifically, a dual-initiator system, including PI and thermal-initiator (TI), is used to initiate the polymerization process by ultraviolent (UV) light. The weight content of the TI is fixed at 1 w%, and the relative PI concentration is varied from 0.2 w% to 0.5 wt%. Results show that increasing the PI amount from 0.2 wt% to 0.3 wt% significantly improves the front velocity and the degree of cure by about two times. Increasing the PI content from 0.3 wt% to 0.4 wt% results in 15% and 26% higher degree of cure and front velocity, respectively. Moreover, due to the different front velocity in the top and bottom regions of the specimen, the specimens with 0.4 wt% PI exhibited a curved shape. The specimen with 0.5 wt% PI is thermally degraded and foamed. By comparing tensile properties, it is found that increasing the PI concentration from 0.2 wt% to 0.3 wt% improves the tensile strength and Young's modulus by 3.91% and 7%, respectively, while the tensile strength and the Young's modulus of frontal polymerized specimens are on average 8% and 14% higher than traditionally oven-cured ones, respectively. © 2023 by DEStech Publications, Inc. and American Society for Composites. All rights reserved.

关键词： Tensile strength

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