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Preclinical tendon and ligament models: Beyond the 3Rs (replacement, reduction, and refinement) to 5W1H (why, who, what, where, when, how)

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Journal of Orthopaedic Research 2023年第10期41卷 2133-2162页

作者： Little, Dianne Amadio, Peter C. Awad, Hani A. Cone, Stephanie G. Dyment, Nathaniel A. Fisher, Matthew B. Huang, Alice H. Koch, Drew W. Kuntz, Andrew F. Madi, Rashad McGilvray, Kirk Schnabel, Lauren V. Shetye, Snehal S. Thomopoulos, Stavros Zhao, Chunfeng Soslowsky, Louis J. Department of Basic Medical Sciences The Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN United States Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Mayo Clinic Rochester MN United States Department of Orthopaedics Department of Biomedical Engineering The Center for Musculoskeletal Research University of Rochester Rochester NY United States Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Delaware Newark DE United States McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA United States Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering North Carolina State University-University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Raleigh NC United States Department of Orthopedic Surgery Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia University New York NY United States Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Comparative Medicine Institute North Carolina State University Raleigh NC United States Department of Mechanical Engineering School of Biomedical Engineering Colorado State University Fort Collins CO United States

Several tendon and ligament animal models were presented at the 2022 Orthopaedic Research Society Tendon Section Conference held at the University of Pennsylvania, May 5 to 7, 2022. A key objective of the breakout sessions at this meeting was to develop guidelines for the field, including for preclinical tendon and ligament animal models. This review summarizes the perspectives of experts for eight surgical small and large animal models of rotator cuff tear, flexor tendon transection, anterior cruciate ligament tear, and Achilles tendon injury using the framework: “Why, Who, What, Where, When, and How” (5W1H). A notable conclusion is that the perfect tendon model does not exist;there is no single gold standard animal model that represents the totality of tendon and ligament disease. Each model has advantages and disadvantages and should be carefully considered in light of the specific research question. There are also circumstances when an animal model is not the best approach. The wide variety of tendon and ligament pathologies necessitates choices between small and large animal models, different anatomic sites, and a range of factors associated with each model during the planning phase. Attendees agreed on some guiding principles including: providing clear justification for the model selected, providing animal model details at publication, encouraging sharing of protocols and expertise, improving training of research personnel, and considering greater collaboration with veterinarians. A clear path for translating from animal models to clinical practice was also considered as a critical next step for accelerating progress in the tendon and ligament field. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society.

关键词： anterior cruciate ligament calcaneal tendon flexor tendon rotator cuff tendinopathy

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Corrosion behavior of Mg-Zn-Zr-RE alloys under physiological environment-Impact on mechanical integrity and biocompatibility

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第6期10卷 1542-1572页

作者： Marwa AbdelGawad Chaudhry A.Usman Vasanth C.Shunmugasamy Ibrahim Karaman Bilal Mansoor Mechanical Engineering Program Texas A&M University at QatarEducation CityDoh1Qatar Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M University3123 TAMUCollege StationTX 77843United States of America Department of Materials Science and Engineering Texas A&M University3003 TAMUCollege StationTX 77843United States of America

Benefits of RE addition on Mg alloys strength and corrosion resistance are widely reported but their effects on biodegradability and biocompatibility are still of *** paper investigates the effect of RE additions on biodegradability of Mg-Zn alloys under simulated physiological *** this context,two commercial Mg-Zn-Zr-RE alloys,namely ZE41 and EZ33,with same RE addition but different concentrations are studied in Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution(HBSS)at 37℃and with pH of ***-loss,hydrogen evolution,real-time insitu drop test,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)and potentiodynamic polarization are deployed to study corrosion *** mechanical integrity of both alloys is assessed by mechanical testing post ***,in vitro biocompatibility is evaluated by indirect cytotoxicity tests using NIH3T3 *** reveal that although both alloys showed similar microstructure,size and distribution of precipitates played a significant role on its corrosion *** and open circuit potential results show stable film formation on EZ33,while ZE41 showed passive layer formation followed by its deterioration,over the analyzed time *** real-time drop test,it was shown in ZE41 alloy that both T-phase and Zr-rich precipitates acted as micro cathodes,resulting in an unstable surface *** EZ33,Zr-rich regions did not influence corrosion response,resulting in better corrosion resistance that was corroborated by post-immersion surface morphology *** higher degradation observed in ZE41 alloy resulted in higher drop in flexural and tensile strength compared to EZ33 *** addition,cytotoxicity tests on NIH3T3 cells revealed that cell viability of EZ33 increased with increasing incubation time,contrary to ZE41,owing to its lower biodegradation behavior and despite higher concentrations of *** results show that an increase in RE concentration in EZ33,relative to ZE41,had a positive effect on

关键词： Magnesium alloy Corrosion EIS mechanical integrity Cytotoxicity

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Inverse Origami Design Model for Soft Robotic Development

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Soft Robotics 2024年第1期11卷 131-139页

作者： Hu, Qiqiang Li, Junyang Tao, Jian Dong, Erbao Sun, Dong Department of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China Department of Electronic Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao China CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials School of Engineering Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China Centre for Robotics and Automation Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen China

Origami provides an opportunity to construct a wide range of 3D functional structures by folding a flat sheet. It can be used to develop various soft functional robots by combining soft smart actuators. However, a simple and an effective model that can address the challenging problem of designing origami patterns to connect origami design with robotics is lacking, thereby greatly increasing the threshold of soft origami robots and hindering its development. This study proposes an easy-to-use inverse origami design model to generate the flat crease pattern from the desired folded shape automatically while simulating origami morphing by simply providing the shape parameters or 2D shape graphics. This method overcomes the difficulty of origami design and enables a close connection between origami and robotics. Through this method, various soft origami robots can be developed with low design complexity and time cost to achieve different functions, thereby promoting the development of soft origami robots. © 2024 Mary Ann Liebert Inc.. All rights reserved.

关键词： Robots

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3D printed grafts with gradient structures for organized vascular regeneration

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2024年第3期6卷 505-520页

作者： Yuewei Chen Zhongfei Zou Tao Fu Zhuang Li Zhaojie Zhang Meng Zhu Qing Gao Shaofei Wu Guosheng Fu Yong He Jiayin Fu State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems School of Mechanical EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027People’s Republic of China School of Mechanical Engineering Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province Department of CardiologySir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310016People’s Republic of China School of Mechanical Engineering Guizhou Institute of TechnologyGuiyang 550003People’s Republic of China Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineSchool of Stomatologyand Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiang 310006People’s Republic of China

Synthetic vascular grafts suitable for small-diameter arteries(<6 mm) are in great ***,there are still no commercially available small-diameter vascular grafts(SDVGs) in clinical practice due to thrombosis and stenosis after in vivo *** designing SDVGs,many studies emphasized reendothelization but ignored the importance of reconstruction of the smooth muscle layer(SML).To facilitate rapid SML regeneration,a high-resolution 3D printing method was used to create a novel bilayer SDVG with structures and mechanical properties mimicking natural *** by the collagen alignment of SML,the inner layer of the grafts had larger pore sizes and high porosity to accelerate the infiltration of cells and their circumferential alignment,which could facilitate SML reconstruction for compliance restoration and spontaneous *** outer layer was designed to induce fibroblast recruitment by low porosity and minor pore size and provide SDVG with sufficient mechanical *** month after implantation,the arteries regenerated by 3D-printed grafts exhibited better pulsatility than electrospun grafts,with a compliance(8.9%) approaching that of natural arteries(11.36%) and significantly higher than that of electrospun ones(1.9%).The 3D-printed vascular demonstrated a three-layer structure more closely resembling natural arteries while electrospun grafts showed incomplete endothelium and immature *** study shows the importance of SML reconstruction during vascular graft regeneration and provides an effective strategy to reconstruct blood vessels through 3D-printed structures rapidly.

关键词： small-diameter vascular graft smooth muscle layer 3D printing endothelialization

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Cell Behavior During Accelerated Passing through Micro-gap 26

Cell Behavior During Accelerated Passing through Micro-gap

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26th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, WMSCI 2022

作者： Uehara, Shogo Hashimoto, Shigehiro Shimada, Sakyo Kurihara, Ayaka Biomedical Engineering Systems Design Kogakuin University Tokyo163-8677 Japan Biomedical Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering Kogakuin University Tokyo163-8677 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781950492657

A biological cell can pass through a narrow gap. The gap plays a role of filter of cells in vivo. In the present study, deformation of a cell during accelerated passing through a micro-gap in a micro flow channel has been analyzed in vitro. A gap with the rectangular cross section (7 μm height, 0.8 mm width, and 0.1 mm length) has been made at the middle part of the micro flow channel by the photolithography technique. Myoblasts (C2C12: mouse myoblast cells) were used in the test. The flow rate of the medium fluid, in which cells were suspended, was controlled by the pressure head between the inlet and outlet. The deformation of smaller cells passing through the micro gap with an accelerated velocity was observed with an inverted phase-contrast microscope. The experimental results show that the elongated cell tends to tilt parallel to the flow direction during accelerated passing through the gap. Copyright 2022 © by the International Institute of Informatics and Systemics. All rights reserved.

关键词： Photolithography

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Zero Thermal Expansion Metamaterial Designs for Space Structures

Zero Thermal Expansion Metamaterial Designs for Space Struct...

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AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition, AIAA SciTech Forum 2025

作者： Lu, Wei-Chun Oudghiri-Idrissi, Othman Poli, Andrea Arruda, Ellen M. Tol, Serife Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan 2350 Hayward St Ann ArborMI48109 United States Fariborz Maseeh Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering The University of Texas at Austin 301 E. Dean Keeton St AustinTX78712 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program University of Michigan 2350 Hayward St Ann ArborMI48109 United States

ISBN: (数字)9781624107238

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107238

The precision of space structures is sensitive to high-temperature variation during on-orbit operations. This work develops zero thermal expansion (ZTE) metamaterials that can be integrated into space structures to restrict large thermal deformation under precision requirements. The proposed bi-material ZTE metamaterial beams show extremely low coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) for a wide temperature variation. Static and dynamic analyses are conducted on the designed metamaterials for performance evaluation. The proposed ZTE beam elements are integrated into a 48-meter rib of a space RF antenna to enhance its thermal precision over a wide temperature range. Further, experimental validation of the ZTE truss beam design is conducted in a thermal chamber to demonstrate its low thermal deformation compared to a reference aluminum truss beam. © 2025, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.

关键词： Trusses

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RIM Experiment on Fuel Adhesion Characteristics of Inclined-Wall-Impinging Spray under Cross-Flow Conditions 10

RIM Experiment on Fuel Adhesion Characteristics of Inclined-...

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10th International Conference on Modeling and Diagnostics for Advanced Engine Systems, COMODIA 2022

作者： Zhang, Gengxin Shi, Penghua Luo, Hongliang Ogata, Yoichi Nishida, Keiya Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering Graduate School of Engineering University of Hiroshima Japan Mechanical Engineering Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering University of Hiroshima Japan

The impingement of fuel sprays on the piston surface significantly affects mixture formation, combustion performance, and pollutant emissions in Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition (DISI) engines. To better understand the fuel adhesion behavior, the fuel adhesion characteristics of fuel spray impinging on the flat wall under cross-flow condition were investigated in this work. Refractive Index Matching (RIM) were employed to observe the propagation of fuel adhesion. Then the area, mass, and thickness of fuel adhesion were evaluated under various cross-flow velocities. Also, the propagation mechanism and lifetime prediction of fuel adhesion under the cross-flow conditions were revealed. The experimental results can provide necessary guidance on the operating conditions of airflow inside the engine. © 2022 by the Japan Society of mechanical Engineers All rights reserved.

关键词： Adhesion

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Tracking Local Contractile Movement of Myotubes Layer Using Matrix Pattern Markers Microfabricated on Rear Side of Scaffold Thin Film 13

Tracking Local Contractile Movement of Myotubes Layer Using ...

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13th International Multi-Conference on Complexity, Informatics and Cybernetics, IMCIC 2022

作者： Endo, Yoshiaki Hashimoto, Shigehiro Horiguchi, Fumiya Biomedical Engineering Systems Design Kogakuin University Tokyo163-8677 Japan Biomedical Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering Kogakuin University Tokyo163-8677 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781950492619

To measure the local repetitive contractile movement of the layer of myotubes, the movement of micro matrix pattern markers on the rear side of the scaffold thin film has been tracked under electric stimulation in vitro. The scaffold was made of a polydimethylsiloxane film (6 μm thickness) with microprotrusions (4 μm diameter, 2 μm height, 30 μm interval) made by the photolithography technique. C2C12 (mouse myoblast) was seeded on the film at the counter surface to the protrusions at the density of 50000 cells/cm2. The cells were cultured to be differentiated into myotubes on the scaffold for 10 days. The electric pulses (2 V amplitude, 0.5 s pulse period, 1 ms pulse width) were applied between electrodes of titanium wire dipped in the medium. Both the markers on the film and the myotubes on the counter side of the film are able to be simultaneously observed by adjusting the focus of the microscope. The experimental results show that the local cyclic movement of the layer of myotubes was able to be measured with the movement of each marker. The designed scaffold has a potential to analyze the local contractile movement of the layer of myotubes in vitro. © by the International Institute of Informatics and Systemics.

关键词： Cell culture

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Wood flour / ceramic reinforced polylactic acid based 3D–printed functionally grade structural material for integrated engineering applications: A numerical and experimental characteristic investigation

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International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture 2025年第1期8卷 74-86页

作者： Thirugnanasamabandam, Arunkumar Prabhu, B. Mageswari, Varsha Murugan, V. Ramachandran, Karthikeyan Kadirgama, Kumaran Centre for Additive Manufacturing Chennai Institute of Technology Chennai India Centre for Sustainable Materials and Surface Metamorphosis Chennai Institute of Technology Chennai India Department of Biomedical Engineering Chennai Institute of Technology Kundrathur Chennai India Department of Aerospace and Aircraft Engineering Kingston University LondonSW15 3DW United Kingdom Faculty of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah Pahang Pekan26600 Malaysia

Recently, efforts have been done to capitalize on the potential of multidisciplinary research in order to produce unique features in polymer technology. To improve its physical and chemical properties for any intended use, the most promising Polylactic acid (PLA) has recently been copolymerized using other polymeric or non-polymeric components. This investigation aims to employ the material extrusion (MEX) process to develop a new functionally grade structural material (FGSM) by alternate layer deposition of wood flour reinforced PLA (WPLA) and ceramic reinforced PLA (CPLA). The mechanical properties of the printed laminates are examined using tensile, compression and three point bend tests. The microscopic investigation is used to assess fracture morphologies. A numerical simulation is also performed using ABAQUS under standardized parametric settings to investigate the mechanical behaviour of the laminates. The experimental and numerical results are consistent, with a deviation about ∼1 %. The tensile, compressive, and flexural strength of the newly developed FGSM are 61.39, 95.4, and 107.8 % higher than those of WPLA printed laminates. Furthermore, the acquired mechanical behaviour results are merely comparable to those of CPLA printed laminates. DSC thermograms demonstrate that FGSM has a better glass transition temperature (66°C) and a cold crystalline temperature (87.63°C), which contributes to its thermal stability. Overall, the newly developed FGSM might be considered a viable alternative, mechanically strong, and less expensive polymer composite material for structural built applications in any engineering and related fields. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Bending strength

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The Effects of Externally Magnetic Fields and Electrically Conducting Lubricants at Transient Squeeze MEHL Motion with Elastic Coating

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Journal of the Chinese Society of mechanical Engineers, Transactions of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, Series C/Chung-Kuo Chi Hsueh Kung Ch'eng Hsuebo Pao 2022年第1期43卷 29-35页

作者： Chu, Li-Ming Chang, Yuh-Ping Cai-Wan, Chang-Jian Interdisciplinary Program of Green and Information Technology National Taitung University Taitung95092 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering Kun Shan University Tainan71070 Taiwan Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering I-Shou University Kaohsiung84001 Taiwan

The pure squeeze magneto-elastohydrodynamic lubrication (MEHL) motion of point contacts with an electrically conducting fluid in transverse magnetic field on elastic coating is explored under constant load process. The modified Reynolds, the rheology, the force balance, and the elastic deformation equations must be solved simultaneously to obtain the transient pressure profiles, film shapes, elastic deformation, and normal squeeze velocities. The differences between classical EHL and MEHL are discussed during the pure squeeze process. The simulation results reveal that the effect of externally applied magnetic field is equivalent to enhancing the effective lubricant viscosity. Therefore, as the Hartmann number (M) increases, the effect becomes more obvious. The larger the Hartmann number, the thicker the central film thickness and minimum film thickness, the smaller the maximum central pressure, the later the maximum central pressure and the dimple are formed, the smaller the central normal squeeze velocity. The central pressure decreases with increasing M at the initial stage. The central pressure increases with increasing M at the deformation stage. © 2022, Chinese mechanical engineering Society. All right reserved.

关键词： Magnetos

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