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Experimental investigation of the solar distiller using nano-black paint for different water depths

Materials Today: Proceedings 2022年 56卷 1406-1410页

作者： Chandrika, V.S. Samson Isaac, J. Daniel, Jackson Kathiresan, K. Muthiah, C.T. Fantin Irudaya Raj, E. Subbiah, Ram Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology Arasur Tamilnadu Coimbatore India Department of Biomedical Engineering Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences Tamilnadu Coimbatore India Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering National Engineering College Tamilnadu Kovilpatti India Department of Physics PSNA College of Engineering and Technology Tamilnadu Dindigul India Rajalakshmi Engineering College Tamilnadu Chennai India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dr. Sivanthi Aditanar College of Engineering Tamilnadu India Department of Mechanical Engineering Gokaraju Rangaraju Institute of Engineering and Technology Telangana Hyderabad500090 India

World nations are continuously thriving to find a prompt solution to the scarcity of potable water. In recent years, solar distiller has been suggested as a feasible technology for tapping drinkable water from saline water. In a solar distiller, the absorber surface has a significant impact on the solar distiller's performance. This work presents an attempt to increase the performance of a traditional solar distiller by improving the thermal conductivity of the absorber surface through spraying a nano-black paint over its surface. In this study, two distillers of identical size were used. One solar distiller was made by painting the absorbing plate with normal black paint and labelling it as a traditional solar distiller (TSD). Another distiller was prepared by painting the absorber of the traditional distiller with nano-black paint (TSD-Nano). The tests had been carried out over two days, with water levels of 0.1 cm and 0.2 cm in both solar distillers, respectively. For the fabrication of TSD-Nano, a nano-paint was prepared by thoroughly mixing 1.0 vol% of nano-CuO particles with black paint. The results showed that a coating of nano-black paint increased the thermal conductivity of the absorber and thereby increased the production of the solar distiller by 10.38% and 8.73% for 0.1 cm and 0.2 cm water depths, respectively, comparing to normal black paint. © 2021

关键词： Copper oxides

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利用微流控技术应对COVID-19和其他肺部疾病的全球挑战

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engineering 2023年第5期24卷 17-20,I0001页

作者： Yuliang Xie Ryan Becker Michael Scott Kayla Bean Tony Jun Huang Roy J.Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering College of EngineeringUniversity of IowaIowa CityIA 52242USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Pratt School of EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamNC 27710USA Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Pratt School of EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamNC 27710USA

1. Introduction Pulmonary diseases present one of the most severe threats to human society. Since late 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) pandemic has significantly impacted the lifestyle, culture, and politics of almost everyone in the world. COVID-19 causes severe pulmonary dysfunction, which is a major cause of mortality for those affected [1].

关键词：微流控技术肺部疾病全球挑战

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21-Component compositionally complex ceramics: Discovery of ultrahigh-entropy weberite and fergusonite phases and a pyrochlore–weberite transition

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2022年第4期11卷 641-655页

作者： Mingde QIN Heidy VEGA Dawei ZHANG Sarath ADAPA Andrew J.WRIGHT Renkun CHEN Jian LUO Department of Nano Engineering University of California San DiegoLa Jolla 92093USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California San DiegoLa Jolla 92093USA Program of Materials Science and Engineering University of California San DiegoLa Jolla 92093USA Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California San DiegoLa Jolla 92093USA

Two new high-entropy ceramics(HECs)in the weberite and fergusonite structures,along with the unexpected formation of ordered pyrochlore phases with ultrahigh-entropy compositions and an abrupt pyrochlore–weberite transition,are discovered in a 21-component oxide *** the Gibbs phase rule allows 21 equilibrium phases,9 out of the 13 compositions examined possess single HEC phases(with ultrahigh ideal configurational entropies:~2.7kB per cation or higher on one sublattice in most cases).Notably,(15RE_(1/15))(Nb_(1/2)Ta_(1/2))O_(4) possess a single monoclinic fergusonite(C2/c)phase,and(15RE_(1/15))_(3)(Nb_(1/2)Ta_(1/2))_(1)O_(7) form a single orthorhombic(C222_(1))weberite phase,where 15RE_(1/15) represents Sc_(1/15)Y_(1/15)La_(1/15)Pr_(1/15)Nd_(1/15)Sm_(1/15)Eu_(1/15)Gd_(1/15)Tb_(1/15)Dy_(1/15)Ho_(1/15)Er_(1/15)Tm_(1/15) Yb_(1/15)Lu_(1/15).Moreover,a series of eight(15RE_(1/15))_(2+x)(Ti_(1/4)Zr_(1/4)Ce_(1/4)Hf_(1/4))_(2−2x)(Nb_(1/2)Ta_(1/2))_(x)O_(7) specimens all exhibit single phases,where a pyrochlore–weberite transition occurs within 0.75

关键词： compositionally complex ceramics high-entropy ceramics(HECs) weberite pyrochlore fergusonite ultrahigh-entropy ceramics many-component ceramics

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Fine and ultrafine particle- and gas-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons affecting southern Thailand air quality during transboundary haze and potential health effects

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第2期124卷 253-267页

作者： Napawan Mahasakpan Phatsarakorn Chaisongkaew Muanfun Inerb Nobchonnee Nim Worradorn Phairuang Surajit Tekasakul Masami Furuuchi Mitsuhiko Hata Thaniya Kaosol Perapong Tekasakul Racha Dejchanchaiwong Air Pollution and Health Effect Research Center Prince of Songkla UniversityHat YaiSongkhla 90110Thailand Energy Technology Program Faculty of EngineeringPrince of Songkla UniversityHat YaiSongkhla 90110Thailand Faculty of Environmental Management Prince of Songkla UniversityHat YaiSongkhla 90110Thailand Department of Geography Faculty of Social SciencesChiang Mai UniversityMuangChiang Mai 50200Thailand Department of Chemistry Faculty of SciencePrince of Songkla UniversityHat YaiSongkhla 90110Thailand Faculty of Geoscience and Civil Engineering Institute of Science and EngineeringKanazawa UniversityKakuma-machiKanazawaIshikawa 920-1192Japan Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty of EngineeringPrince of Songkla UniversityHat YaiSongkhla 90110Thailand Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Faculty of EngineeringPrince of Songkla UniversityHat YaiSongkhla 90110Thailand Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringPrince of Songkla UniversityHat YaiSongkhla 90110Thailand

Distribution of PM_(0.1),PM_(1) and PM_(2.5) particle-and gas-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)during the 2019 normal,partial and strong haze periods at a background location in southern Thailand were investigated to understand the behaviors and carcinogenic ***1 was the predominant component,during partial and strong haze periods,accounting for 45.1% and 52.9% of total suspended particulate matter,respectively,while during normal period the contribution was only 34.0%.PM_(0.1) concentrations,during the strong haze period,were approximately 2 times higher than those during the normal *** increased levels of particle-PAHs for PM_(0.1),PM_(1) and PM_(2.5) were observed during strong haze period,about 3,5 and 6 times higher than those during normal ***-PAH concentrations were 10 to 36 times higher than those of particle-PAHs for PM_(2.5).Average total Benzo[a]Pyrene Toxic Equivalency Quotients(BaP-TEQ)in PM_(0.1),PM_(1) and PM_(2.5) during haze periodswere about 2–6 times higher than in the normal *** total accumulated Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risks(ILCRs)in PM_(0.1),PM_(1) and PM_(2.5) for all the age-specific groups during the haze effected scenario were approximately 1.5 times higher than those in nonhaze scenario,indicating a higher potential carcinogenic *** observations suggest PM_(0.1),PM_(1) and PM_(2.5) were the significant sources of carcinogenic aerosols and were significantly affected by transboundary haze from peatland *** leads to an increase in the volume of smoke aerosol,exerting a significant impact on air quality in southern Thailand,as well as many other countries in lower southeast Asia.

关键词： Particle-PAH Gas-PAH Ultrafine particle Health risk Source identification

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Mechanobiomaterials: Harnessing mechanobiology principles for tissuerepair and regeneration

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Mechanobiology in Medicine 2024年第3期2卷 64-82页

作者： Xiao Lin Hua Yang Yi Xia Kang Wu Fengcheng Chu Huan Zhou Huajian Gao Lei Yang Orthopedic Institute Department of OrthopedicsThe First Affiliated HospitalSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina School of Mechanical Engineering Hebei University of TechnologyTianjinChina Center for Health Sciences and Engineering(CHSE) Hebei Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Smart TheranosticsSchool of Health Sciences and Biomedical EngineeringHebei University of TechnologyTianjinChina Mechano-X Institute Applied Mechanics LaboratoryDepartment of Engineering MechanicsTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina

mechanical stimuli are known to play critical roles in mediating tissue repair and regeneration. Recently, thisknowledge has led to a paradigm shift toward proactive programming of biological functionalities of biomaterialsby leveraging mechanics–geometry–biofunction relationships, which are beginning to shape the newly emergingfield of mechanobiomaterials. To profile this emerging field, this article aims to elucidate the fundamentalprinciples in modulating biological responses with material–tissue mechanical interactions, illustrate recentfindings on the relationships between material properties and biological responses, discuss the importance ofmathematical/physical models and numerical simulations in optimizing material properties and geometry, andoutline design strategies for mechanobiomaterials and their potential for tissue repair and regeneration. Giventhat the field of mechanobiomaterials is still in its infancy, this article also discusses open questions and challengesthat need to be addressed.

关键词： Biomaterials Mechanics Mechanobiomaterials Tissue repair and regeneration Mechanobiology

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SiO2-reinforced Poly (methyl methacrylate): Tribology Performance as Service Life Sensor

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Sensors and Materials 2023年第8-2期35卷 2845-2854页

作者： Shi, Shih-Chen Zeng, Xin-Xing Chen, Tao-Hsing Wang, Chih-Chia Lin, Yue-Feng Department of Mechanical Engineering National Cheng Kung University No. 1 University Road Tainan City70101 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology No. 415 Jiangong Rd. Sanmin Dist. Kaohsiung City807618 Taiwan Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Chung Cheng Institute of Technology National Defense University No. 75 Shiyuan Road Taoyuan335009 Taiwan System Engineering and Technology Program National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University No. 1001 University Road Hsinchu300093 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering National Chin-Yi University of Technology No. 57 Sec. 2 Zhongshan Rd. Taiping Dist. Taichung411030 Taiwan

Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), which is suitable for use in the human body owing to its biocompatibility, is commonly used in medical applications such as bone nails, bone cement, and dentures. However, owing to its hard and brittle nature, PMMA can cause damage when it is subjected to excessive stress and can also cause severe wear. In this study, three different sizes of silica particles were used as reinforcing additives to enhance the wear resistance of PMMA composites. A pin-on-disk wear test was conducted to record the coefficient of friction and wear volume, and the wear volume was measured using a 3D laser scanning microscope. In the wear test, the transfer film of micron and submicron particles produced a plowing effect, resulting in wide grooved wear scars and a higher wear rate than the raw material. The nanoparticle transfer film reduced direct material wear, the wear scars were fine and flat, and the wear rate was decreased, reducing the wear of SiO2-reinforced PMMA composites by 40%. The experimental results revealed that the wear volume is proportional to the wear time. In addition, the observed area of the transfer film on the wear counterpart can be used as a service life sensor of the coating material. © MYU K.K.

关键词： Tribology

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Experimental Evaluation of a Lightweight and Backdrivable Powered Knee Prosthesis for Transfemoral Amputees 1

Experimental Evaluation of a Lightweight and Backdrivable Po...

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1st IEEE Colombian Caribbean Conference, C3 2023

作者： Ulhoa, Pedro Fiorezi, Guilherme Filho, Teodiano Andrade, Rafhael Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo Department of Electrical Engineering Vitória Brazil Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo Department of Mechanical Engineering Vitória Brazil Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Vitória Brazil Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo Graduate Program in Mechanical Engineering Vitória Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9798350341799

Rehabilitation of amputees is still mostly limited to passive technology that cannot provide energy to the gait and contribute to a better experience and comfort of walking. To address this shortcoming, active prostheses have been introduced with actuators capable of generating and dissipating energy in a controlled way. However, proposed designs of powered leg prosthesis still present heavy and bulky structure or low backdrivable actuators, which reduce the volitional control and comfort of the user. This work presents the development and control of a lightweight and highly backdrivable powered knee prosthesis. The designed actuator is composed by a coaxial motor-reducer with a 200 W brushless DC motor in series with a harmonic drive with a 51:1 ratio. After assembled the leg prosthesis weights just 3.64 kg. Bench tests were performed to validate the model and tune a position-based controller. Then, a custom force sensor was implemented to measure ground reaction force and identify gait phases so an impedance controller can regulate joint torque. The powered prosthesis was experimented in three able-bodied subjects walking on a treadmill using both the position and impedance controller. The prosthesis presented high backdrivability in bench tests and the treadmill results shown that the proposed impedance controller was more effective to follow the healthy knee trajectory compared to the position controller. In future works we plan to evaluate the prosthesis in amputee subjects. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Controllers

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Understanding ADC variation by fat content effect using a dual-function MRI phantom

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European Radiology Experimental 2024年第1期8卷 19页

作者： Liu, Yi-Jui Tsai, Tung-Sheng Li, Ya-Hui Peng, Jo-Hua Chang, Hing-Chiu Peng, Hsu-Hsia Lee, Ying-Chieh Lee, Tung-Yang Liou, Chang-Hsien Lin, Tz-Feng Chew, Fatt-Yang Chou, Ruey-Hwang Juan, Chun-Jung Department of Automatic Control Engineering Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Electrical and Communication Engineering Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan Department of Medical Imaging China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital 199 Sec. 1 Xinglong Rd. Hsinchu County Zhubei City 302 Taiwan Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Biomedical Engineering Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Master’s Program of Biomedical Informatics and Biomedical Engineering Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan Cheng Ching Hospital Taichung Taiwan Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Science National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Fiber and Composite Materials Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan Department of Medical Imaging China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan Department of Radiology School of Medicine China Medical University Taichung Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences China Medical University Taichung 406 Taiwan Center for Molecular Medicine China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology Asia University Taichung Taiwan

Background: A dual-function phantom designed to quantify the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in different fat contents (FCs) and glass bead densities (GBDs) to simulate the human tissues has not been documented yet. We propose a dual-function phantom to quantify the FC and to measure the ADC at different FCs and different GBDs. Methods: A fat-containing diffusion phantom comprised by 30 glass-bead-containing fat-water emulsions consisting of six different FCs (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%) multiplied by five different GBDs (0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 g/50 mL). The FC and ADC were measured by the “iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least squares estimation-IQ,” IDEAL-IQ, and single-shot echo-planar diffusion-weighted imaging, SS-EP-DWI, sequences, respectively. Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship among the fat fraction (FF) measured by IDEAL-IQ, GBD, and ADC. Results: The ADC was significantly, negatively, and linearly associated with the FF (the linear slope ranged from -0.005 to -0.017, R² = 0.925 to 0.986, all p < 0.001). The slope of the linear relationship between the ADC and the FF, however, varied among different GBDs (the higher the GBD, the lower the slope). ADCs among emulsions across different GBDs and FFs were overlapped. Emulsions with low GBDs plus high FFs shared a same lower ADC range with those with median or high GBDs plus median or lower FFs. Conclusions: A novel dual-function phantom simulating the human tissues allowed to quantify the influence of FC and GBD on ADC. Relevance statement: The study developed an innovative dual-function MRI phantom to explore the impact of FC on ADC variation that can affect clinical results. The results revealed the superimposed effect on FF and GBD density on ADC measurements. Key points: • A dual-function phantom made of glass bead density (GBD) and fat fraction (FF) emulsion has been developed. • Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values

关键词： Adipose tissue Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging Phantoms (imaging) Quality assurance (healthcare) Quality control

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Multiphysics modeling of printed surface acoustic wave thermometers

Multiphysics modeling of printed surface acoustic wave therm...

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Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, mechanical, and Aerospace Systems 2022

作者： Draper, Alejandro Deng, Zhangxian Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Boise State University BoiseID83725 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781510649675

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices consisting of interdigitated transducers printed on piezoelectric substrates have resulted in low-cost, low-power, and small-footprint thermometers for high temperature and radioactive environments. This study developed temperature-dependent finite element models in both time- and frequency-domain. Modeling accuracy was evaluated using an aerosol-jet printed SAW thermometer measured from room temperature to 200 Celsius. Time-domain simulation results enabled acoustic wave propagation visualization and successfully guided the signal denoising of measured scattering parameters. Frequency-domain simulation accurately predicted the temperature-driven natural frequency drift in SAW transducers while maintaining high computational efficiency. The models developed in this study will facilitate computer-aided design of future SAW transducers and expand their applications in harsh environments. © 2022 SPIE.

关键词： Acoustic waves

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Extremely large water droplet impact onto a deep liquid pool

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Physical Review E 2024年第4期109卷 045107-045107页

作者： Sandip Dighe Dilip Kumar Maity Jeffrey N. Fonnesbeck Som Dutta Tadd Truscott Mechanical Engineering Program Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Mechanical Engineering Utah State University Logan Utah 84322 USA

Most studies of droplet impact on liquid pools focus on droplet diameters up to the capillary length (0.27 cm). We break from convention and study extremely large water droplets (1 to 6 cm diameter) falling into a pool of water. We demonstrate that the depth and width of the cavity formed by large droplet impact is greatly influenced by the deformed shape of the droplet at impact (i.e., prolate, spherical, and oblate), and larger droplets amplify this behavior by flattening before impact. In particular, the maximum cavity depth is a function of the Froude number and axis ratio of the droplet just before impact. Further, the cavity depth is more dependent on the droplet height than width, and the maximum cavity diameter is independent of the droplet height. In general, we observe that more oblate droplets result in decreasing cavity depths for a fixed liquid volume. This is because an increase in horizontal droplet diameter results in a reduced impact energy flux and therefore reduced cavity depth.

关键词： Capillary interactions Drop breakup Drops & bubbles Thin fluid films Wakes & jets Water

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