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mechanical constraints in tumor guide emergent spatial patterns of glioblastoma cancer stem cells

Mechanobiology in Medicine 2024年第1期2卷 67-76页

作者： Ngoc Luu Shuhao Zhang Raymond H.W.Lam Weiqiang Chen Department of Biomedical Engineering New York UniversityBrooklynNYUSA Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering New York UniversityBrooklynNYUSA Department of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina Centre for Biosystems Neuroscienceand NanotechnologyCity University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute ShenzhenChina Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center NYU Langone HealthNew YorkUSA

The mechanical constraints in the overcrowding glioblastoma(GBM)microenvironment have been implicated in the regulation of tumor heterogeneity and disease ***,such mechanical cues can alter cellular DNA transcription and give rise to a subpopulation of tumor cells called cancer stem cells(CSCs).These CSCs with stem-like properties are critical drivers of tumorigenesis,metastasis,and treatment ***,the biophysical and molecular machinery underlying the emergence of CSCs in tumor remained *** work employed a two-dimensional micropatterned multicellular model to examine the impact of mechanical constraints arisen from geometric confinement on the emergence and spatial patterning of CSCs in GBM *** study identified distinct spatial distributions of GBM CSCs in different geometric patterns,where CSCs mostly emerged in the peripheral *** spatial pattern of CSCs was found to correspond to the gradients of mechanical stresses resulted from the interplay between the cell-ECM and cell–cell interactions within the confined *** mechanistic study highlighted a Piezo1-RhoA-focal adhesion signaling axis in regulating GBM cell mechanosensing and the subsequent CSC phenotypic *** findings provide new insights into the biophysical origin of the unique spatial pattern of CSCs in GBM tumor and offer potential avenues for targeted therapeutic interventions.

关键词： Glioblastoma Cancer stem cell Mechanotransduction Traction force Piezo1

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Optimal Pressure in Bypass Graft to Prevent Failure Bypass Graft in Carotid Artery to Middle Cerebral Artery Bypass using Computational Fluid Dynamic Method

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2022年 65卷 2389-2393页

作者： Sawamool, Narawadee Pinnaratip, Rattapol Ngernkeaw, Korawit Watcharasaksilp, Wanarak Khunatorn, Yottana Biomedical Engineering Institute Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand Department of Industrial Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand

The proper pressure in bypass graft can produce adequate Cerebrovascular Transmural Pressure (CVTMP), which prevents cerebrovascular bypass failure. This study investigated the relation of sufficient pressure in Cerebrovascular bypass graft and inlet bypass angle using a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method. The geometry of this study was reconstructed from the CT modality of a specific patient. Region of Interest (ROI) was Internal Carotid Artery (ICA) to M2-Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) without partial left sacrificed ICA. The bypass graft was then reconstructed in the diameter of the Saphenous Vein (SV) from unilateral ICA to M2-MCA. The inlet angle was varied from 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90°. Assuming a vessel wall was a rigid tube with a no-slip condition. Blood was incompressible Newtonian with 0.04 P of viscosity and 1.06 gr/cm3 of density. Inlet pressure was pulsatile blood flow velocity. The result shows 75° model had the highest pressure and pressure drop. The 15° model had the lowest pressure. The 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90° had similar pressure. Moreover, the 60° model had the lowest pressure drop among all models. This can be concluded that the 75° model may cause the exceeded CVTMP and bypass failure. However, there are more factors else that cause the bypass failure, such as types of bypass graft, additional preparation methods, and antithrombosis medications. © 2022

关键词： Computational fluid dynamics

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On Relation Between Leakage-Free Condition and Differential Filtering Order in ETFE-Based Frequency Responce Function Estimation*

On Relation Between Leakage-Free Condition and Differential ...

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IEEE/ASME (AIM) International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics

作者： Yoshihiro Maeda Taishi Yazawa Shimpei Sato Wataru Hara Department of Engineering Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Program Nagoya Institute of Technology Nagoya Japan

ISBN: (数字)9798350355369

ISBN: (纸本)9798350355376

Estimation of an accurate frequency response function (FRF) of a target system is crucial to design fine servo controllers that realize fast and precise positioning control. The empirical transfer function estimation (ETFE) is the most representative and simplest FRF estimation method in terms of industrial utility. However, its applicability is limited to input and output signals of a target system measured during periodic or reciprocating operations, due to leakage errors induced by the discrete Fourier transform. Recently, an FRF estimation method combining ETFE with differential filtering has been proposed, which enables accurate FRF estimation in point-to-point motion. This paper theoretically clarifies the relationship between leakage-free condition and the differential filtering order in the ETFE-based FRF estimation framework. Furthermore, it is demonstrated through simulations that increasing the differential filtering order can broaden the input and output signals acquisition conditions that enables accurate FRF estimation.

关键词： Accuracy Mechatronics Filtering Noise Measurement uncertainty Estimation Transfer functions

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REPEATABILITY OF ROBOTIC WAAM GEOMETRIC PROPERTIES FOR ALUMINUM PRINTING 39

REPEATABILITY OF ROBOTIC WAAM GEOMETRIC PROPERTIES FOR ALUMI...

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39th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Precision engineering, ASPE 2024

作者： Sargent, Kamren M. Peter, Hutchison R. Penney, Joshua J. Schmitz, Tony Department of Mechanical Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering University of Tennessee Knoxville KnoxvilleTN United States Manufacturing Demonstration Facility Oak Ridge National Laboratory KnoxvilleTN United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781887706612

This paper evaluates the geometric repeatability of components printed by robotic wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). The WAAM system includes a KUKA KR 50 R2500 robot and a Fronius CMT Advanced 4000 welder. Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) is used for layer-by-layer deposition of ER4943-aluminum wire. A single geometry is printed five times using the same part plan, weld settings, and wire. The geometric repeatability is then evaluated. Each component is measured using structured light scanning, 3D models are generated, and the deviations between prints are determined. Experimental results are provided, comparisons are performed, and conclusions are drawn. © 2024 Proceedings - ASPE 2024 Annual Meeting. All rights reserved.

关键词： Gas metal arc welding

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Smartphone-Integrated Optomechanical Dual-Mode Instrument for Salmonella Typhimurium Detection

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IEEE Sensors Journal 2025年第11期25卷 20423-20432页

作者： Min, Hyun Jung Mina, Hansel A. Oh, Junseok Deering, Amanda J. Paul Robinson, J. Rajwa, Bartek Bae, Euiwon BeltsvilleMD20705 United States Purdue University Department of Food Science West LafayetteIN47906 United States Purdue University Department of Computer Science West LafayetteIN47906 United States Purdue University Department of Basic Medical Sciences School of Biomedical Engineering West LafayetteIN47906 United States Purdue University Bindley Bioscience Center West LafayetteIN47906 United States Purdue University School of Mechanical Engineering West LafayetteIN47906 United States

Salmonella typhimurium is responsible for numerous cases of foodborne illnesses, often resulting in severe hospitalizations and fatalities. The imperative to detect and prevent such foodborne pathogens is crucial for safeguarding public health. This research introduces the creation of a quartz-crystal microbalance (QCM) system integrated with a smartphone, aiming to identify the presence of S. typhimurium through a dual-mode approach. This innovative system employs two distinct mechanisms: first, by gauging frequency changes induced by bacterial mass, and second, by quantifying fluorescence intensities arising from bacteria captured by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled antibodies. The utilization of FITC-labeled antibodies impacts the measurement in two ways: it enhances the frequency-shift signal for mass change and facilitates the visualization of bacterial cells via optical detection. The integration of the smartphone with the QCM system enables the real-time presentation of frequency data and the recording of fluorescence intensities, allowing for the estimation of cell numbers. The smartphone-based system effectively detected S. typhimurium within a concentration range of 103 – 105 CFU/mL following the application of FITC-labeled antibodies. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Quartz crystal microbalances

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The significance of evaporation heat and mass transfer through a spray sheet with two-phase transitional momentum transport and vapour dispersion

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International Journal of Thermofluids 2025年 25卷

作者： Majhool, Ahmed Abed Al-Kadhem Hadi, Ammar Muslim Alqurashi, Faris Kareem, Sara Falih Jasim, Noor M. Flayyih, Mujtaba A. Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Al-Qadisiyah Al-Qadisiyah 88 Al-Qadissiya Iraq Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Kufa Kufa Najaf86 Iraq Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Bisha Bisha Bisha67714 Saudi Arabia Biomedical Engineering Department College of Engineering and Technologies Al-Mustaqbal University Hillah Babylon51001 Iraq

Until now, there has been a lack of two-phase velocity and vapor investigations under the evaporation condition. Therefore, this work addresses this title in order to be additive to this subject. The spray droplets are modelled using the moments method, and the gas phase is modelled using the Eulerian approach. The spray drag, breakup, and evaporation sub-models are taken into account. Based on the RANS turbulence model for the carrier gas phase and a calibrated atomisation model for the dispersed droplets, turbulence closure is accomplished. The spray tip penetration is evaluated and compared with experimental data. The fuel vapour mass fraction is calculated by using a transport equation for the droplet-gas interaction. The distribution of the fuel vapour mass fraction is compared with the KIVA code. Fortunately, there are no experimental results for the spray or gas velocity to be compared with. All presented results are investigated by their variation with positions and time to give the total behaviour. The fuel vapour mass fraction distribution exhibits a bell-shaped behaviour. In close proximity to the injector, the evaporation rate is significantly higher. There was no significant increase in the evaporation rate of the pressure swirl nozzle as the distance from the injector increased. During the evaporation of spray droplets, higher fuel vapour concentrations are present at the core spray than at the peripheral edge. The droplet velocities in the outer edge's axial and radial directions display a reduced magnitude. The droplet's diameter is greater at the inner edge than at the outer edge. The comparisons showed that there was good agreement with both the experimental and numerical results. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Spray nozzles

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Three-dimensional computational musculoskeletal model for estimating force-impedance control during dynamic upper extremity movements

Three-dimensional computational musculoskeletal model for es...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Morteza Asgari Dustin L. Crouch Department of Mechanical Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering The University of Tennessee Knoxville USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350371499

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371505

The human neuromusculoskeletal system learns and adapts the upper limb impedance to new task dynamics, enhancing task performance and stability. This study aimed to develop and validate a realistic neuromusculoskeletal model of the upper limb capable of predicting stiffness modulation and motor adaptation to newly introduced environments and force fields. We employed an inverse task space dynamics approach with a multipriority task control framework for an existing upper limb model in OpenSim (Stanford, CA, USA). The task space controller was responsible for planning and executing muscle-driven goal-oriented movements for the arm while stabilizing these movements against disturbances. We performed simulations involving longitudinal and transverse reaching movements in a horizontal plane at the shoulder level and used the concept of short-range-stiffness to map the stiffness of muscle-tendon units onto end-limb stiffness. Additionally, we studied motor adaptations for longitudinal reaching movements in presence of three position-based divergent force fields and a velocity-dependent force field. Qualitatively, the proposed model and simulations accurately predicted previously reported, experimental end-limb stiffness properties. Our preliminary results indicated the potential of the proposed computational approach for estimating end-limb stiffness parameters. Future studies are needed to more rigorously validate the model by quantifying the level of agreement between the model and experimental measurements for more upper extremity tasks.

关键词： Adaptation models Solid modeling Musculoskeletal system Three-dimensional displays Computational modeling Dynamics Force Predictive models Aerospace electronics Motors

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Direct Data-Driven Control-Based Additive Feedforward Compensation for Fast and Precise Positioning Control*

Direct Data-Driven Control-Based Additive Feedforward Compen...

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IEEE/ASME (AIM) International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics

作者： Daigo Yamaguchi Shimpei Sato Yoshihiro Maeda Department of Engineering Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Program Nagoya Institute of Technology Nagoya Japan

ISBN: (数字)9798350355369

ISBN: (纸本)9798350355376

In industrial positioning systems where rapid response and high-precision are crucial, minor model inaccuracies due to unknown dynamics and identification errors in controller design significantly impede achieving desired positioning accuracy. This paper introduces and evaluates a novel, direct data-driven control-based additive feedforward (FF) compensation method, aimed at enhancing precision in positioning while streamlining the design process. The purpose of this additive FF compensation is to attenuate undesirable error responses resulting from modeling errors in the existing model-based FF design. The proposed method enhances control performance by utilizing data-driven prediction of positioning response and optimizing the predicted response. Moreover, this work presents a newly developed design theory for the additive FF controller and highlights its design efficiency. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is substantiated through comprehensive experiments with a galvano scanner in printed circuit board laser drilling applications, demonstrating significant improvements in positioning accuracy and response time.

关键词： Drilling Laser theory Additives Accuracy Mechatronics Design methodology Printed circuits

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Design and Optimization of the Porous Metamaterial EM Absorbers in X-band

Design and Optimization of the Porous Metamaterial EM Absorb...

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2023 IEEE Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility and Signal/Power Integrity, EMC+SIPI 2023

作者： Anurakparadorn, Kanat Taub, Alan Michielssen, Eric University of Michigan Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program Department of Material Science and Engineering Ann ArborMI United States University of Michigan Department of Mechanical Engineering Ann ArborMI United States University of Michigan Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Ann ArborMI United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350309768

A strategy that combines experiment and simulation to design and optimize electromagnetic (EM) metamaterial absorbers containing a periodic porous structure is described. The approach provides the ability to produce absorbers that meet multiple user-specified objectives. Using the measured intrinsic properties of the baseline materials as an input to EM-field based computational modelling and optimization, absorption by the studied metamaterials measured by their reflection loss (RL) increases significantly. The resulting metamaterials have the potential for lower cost and lighter weight while providing greater protection than traditional metal gaskets and foams. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Metamaterials

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Effect of silver/zinc co-dopant on enhancing cytotoxicity and antibacterial property of spray pyrolyzed bioactive glasses

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Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies 2024年第1期12卷 104-116页

作者： Ningsih, Henni Setia Vietanti, Frizka Wong, Chin-Chean Chou, Yu-Jen Department of Mechanical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan Department of Orthopedics Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital New Taipei Taiwan Department of Orthopedics School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Research Center of Biomedical Devices Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan International PhD Program for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan

Owing to the advancement of bioactive materials, bioactive glasses (BGs) are progressively being recognized as promising choices in fields of bone and tissue engineering with their superior properties such as bioactivity and biocompatibility. However, their applications are limited by the fact that the material itself does not possess antibacterial properties. To address this limitation, antibacterial BGs with silver-zinc co-dopant were proposed and successfully synthesized via the one-step spray pyrolysis technique in this work. The phase composition, chemical composition, surface morphology, and nanoscale structures of the obtained BG specimens were characterized using X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, in-vitro bioactivity was assessed through immersion of the SBF solution, while the in-vitro antibacterial property was examined using Escherichia coli bacteria. Meanwhile, the viability of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells was evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Finally, the results showed positive effects of zinc addition, and the influence of silver and zinc dopants on the in-vitro bioactivity, antibacterial property, and cell viability were discussed. © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group on behalf of The Korean Ceramic Society and The Ceramic Society of Japan.

关键词： Spray pyrolysis

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