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UKACC International Conference on Control (CONTROL)

作者： James E. Pickering Department of Mechanical Biomedical and Design Engineering Aston University Birmingham UK

ISBN: (数字)9798350374261

ISBN: (纸本)9798350374278

The teaching of autonomous vehicle control algorithm design involves the drawing together of multiple topics from both theory and practice. To enable an in-depth knowledge of how the control algorithms of an AV operate, a laboratory-scale approach using ‘lab-in-a-box’ has been developed at Aston University for a project-based module on the Future Vehicle Technologies MSc Course. The aim of the approach is such that students can learn the control engineering fundamentals before moving onto a larger vehicle platform. The adopted approach borrows ideas inspired from model-based design for embedded control. Continuous-time and discrete-time simulation tools are used to design what is in effect a real-time control system. Students are also taught ‘model shop’ skills and computer aided design (CAD), thus allowing the students to build a physical control system to operate in real-time. The focus is on the control of a DC motor, including speed control, temperature control and obstacle avoidance. Initial results presented here are promising, leading to increased levels of student satisfaction and engagement.

关键词： Solid modeling Design automation Education Velocity control DC motors Control engineering education Real-time systems

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Electrochemically Modulated Metasurfaces

Electrochemically Modulated Metasurfaces

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2023 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2023

作者： Eaves-Rathert, Janna Kovalik, Elena Ugwu, Chibuzor Fabian Pint, Cary L. Valentine, Jason G. Department of Mechanical Engineering Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37212 United States Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37212 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Iowa State University AmesIA50011 United States

Electrochemical intercalation of lithium in titanium dioxide and silicon-based metasurfaces is used to initiate phase changes in a continuously tunable, reversible, and bistable manner for dynamic control over structu... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

关键词： Titanium dioxide

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Probing mechanical properties through acoustic impedance in cultured smooth muscle cells with cytoskeletal disruption using scanning acoustic microscopy

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Journal of Biorheology 2024年第2期38卷 112-119页

作者： Ujihara, Yoshihiro Watanabe, Shota Morodomi, Shinri Sugita, Shukei Nakamura, Masanori Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso-cho Showa-ku Aichi Nagoya466-8555 Japan Center of Biomedical Physics and Information Technology Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso-cho Showa-ku Aichi Nagoya466-8555 Japan Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso-cho Showa-ku Aichi Nagoya466-8555 Japan

Understanding the mechanical properties of cells is essential for elucidating their biological functions, such as migration, differentiation, and maintenance of tissue integrity. Scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) is a noninvasive and rapid method for exploring mechanical properties while preserving physiological conditions. In this study, we used SAM to investigate the effects of actin filaments (AFs) and microtubules (MTs) disruption on the acoustic impedance of cultured smooth muscle cells (SMCs). The results showed that the disruption of AFs significantly reduced the acoustic impedance, suggesting a decrease in cell stiffness. In contrast, MT disruption had a minor effect. These results are consistent with previously reported mechanical tests of cells with disrupted AFs and MTs, suggesting that SAM could be a powerful tool for the noninvasive exploration of cell mechanics and highlighting the need for further research to enable broader application of this technique in cell mechanics research. © Japanese Society of Biorheology 2024.

关键词： Muscle

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A critical review on enhancement and sustainability of energy systems: perspectives on thermo-economic and thermo-environmental analysis

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Frontiers in Energy Research 2024年 12卷

作者： Oyedepo, Sunday O. Waheed, Mufutau A. Abam, Fidelis I. Dirisu, Joseph O. Samuel, Olusegun D. Ajayi, Oluseyi O. Somorin, Tosin Popoola, Abimbola P. I. Kilanko, Oluwaseun Babalola, Philip O. Department of Mechanical/Biomedical Engineering Bells University of Technology Ota Nigeria Department of Mechanical Engineering Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta Nigeria Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria Department of Mechanical Engineering Covenant University Ota Nigeria Department of Mechanical Engineering Federal University of Petroleum Resources Effurun Nigeria Department of Mechanical Engineering University of South Africa Science Campus Florida South Africa Department of Chemical Engineering University of Strathclyde Glasgow United Kingdom Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Tshwane University of Technology Pretoria South Africa

Given the increased natural resource consumption of contemporary energy conversion systems, as well as the emissions, waste disposal, and climate changes that accompany them, a critical review of new techniques - known as thermo-economic and thermo-environmental analyses - has been carried out for the evaluation and optimization of energy conversion processes, from the perspectives of thermodynamics, economics, and the environment. Such a review study is essential because of the energy system’s impacts on sustainability and performance management requirements, and more importantly, it is crucial to understand the whole picture of performance evaluation of energy systems from the sustainability perspective. The study evaluated the performance and optimization of energy systems and examined the different approaches that integrate the economic, environmental, and second law of thermodynamics for sustainable development. Moreover, to assess the technical, economic, and environmental worth of energy systems and guarantee that the chosen designs are well-suited to a sustainable development framework, a mix of thermodynamic, economic, and environmental indicators is taken into consideration. In this regard, thirteen sustainability indicators for the design, analysis, and performance improvement of energy systems from the viewpoints of thermodynamics, economics, and the environment are presented and discussed. The outcome of this study shows that (i) the sustainability of energy conversion systems can be enhanced with the use of exergy techniques assessment;(ii) by reducing energy losses, exergy efficiency initiatives can lessen their adverse effects on the environment;(iii) the best methods for efficient use of energy resources, low energy production costs, and less environmental impact can be provided by hybrid energy systems;and (iv) use of a single performance metric to optimize the energy process results in improbable outcomes. Hence, multi-criteria techniques should b

关键词： Energy economics

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Assessment of corneal stiffness ex-vivo at various IOPs measured by Heartbeat OCE 10

Assessment of corneal stiffness ex-vivo at various IOPs meas...

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Optical Elastography and Tissue Biomechanics X 2023

作者： Bryan, Andres Nair, Achuth Singh, Manmohan Aglyamov, Salavat Larin, Kirill V. Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Houston HoustonTX United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Houston HoustonTX United States Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Baylor College of Medicine HoustonTX United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781510658677

Measuring corneal biomechanical properties provides important diagnostic information regarding tissue health and for evaluating the outcomes of therapies. Heartbeat OCE (Hb-OCE), a truly passive elastography technique, utilizes the pulsatile nature of the intraocular pressure (IOP) to quantify corneal stiffness completely noninvasively and with no external excitation. In this work, we utilized whole rabbit eye globes to quantify the displacement and strain in the cornea by fluctuating the IOP ex-vivo. We also approximated the non-linearity of the stiffness of the cornea by performing Hb-OCE measurements at various baseline IOPs. The results show an expected increase in corneal stiffness as the baseline IOP increased, demonstrating the effectiveness of Hb-OCE as a tool for measuring corneal biomechanical properties completely noninvasively and with no external excitation. © 2023 SPIE.

关键词： Stiffness

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Remaining Useful Life Estimation of Lenses for an Ion Beam Etching Tool in Semiconductor Manufacturing Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks 13

Remaining Useful Life Estimation of Lenses for an Ion Beam E...

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13th International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Networks, CECNet 2023

作者： Wan, Jian McLoone, Seán Department of Mechanical Biomedical and Design Engineering School of Engineering and Technology College of Engineering and Physical Sciences Aston University BirminghamB4 7ET United Kingdom School of Electronics Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Queen’s University Belfast BelfastBT9 5BN United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9781643684802

Maintenance plays a significant role in semiconductor manufacturing as plant yield, factory downtime and operation cost are all closely related to maintenance efficiency. Accordingly, maintenance strategies in semiconductor manufacturing industries are increasingly shifting from traditional preventive maintenance (PM) to more efficient predictive maintenance (PdM). PdM uses manufacturing process data to develop predictive models for remaining useful life (RUL) estimation of key equipment components. Traditional approaches to building predictive models for RUL estimation involve manual selection of features from manufacturing process data. This paper proposes to use deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) for the task of estimating RUL of lenses for an ion beam etch tool in semiconductor manufacturing. The proposed approach has the advantage of automatic feature extraction through the use of convolution and pool filters along the temporal dimension of the optical emission spectroscopy (OES) data from the endpoint detection system. Simulation studies demonstrate the feasibility and the effectiveness of the proposed approach. © 2024 The authors and IOS Press.

关键词： Optical emission spectroscopy

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Computational Simulation of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis in the Spine

Computational Simulation of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ...

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Iranian Conference of biomedical engineering (ICBME)

作者： Mohammad Hosein Zadeh-Posti Zeinab Kamal Mohadese Rajaeirad Mohammadjavad Matin Einafshar Nima Jamshidi Faculty of Mechanical Engineering University of Guilan Rasht Iran Department of Biomedical Engineering Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran Iran Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Isfahan Isfahan Iran

ISBN: (数字)9798331529710

ISBN: (纸本)9798331529727

Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is a condition marked by an abnormal curvature of the spine. This study aims to model AIS using computational techniques to analyze varying bone densities within vertebrae under different muscle paralysis conditions. The aim is to investigate how unilateral muscle paralysis affects bone density and to model conditions similar to AIS. A three-dimensional model of the L2 vertebra was created using Mimics and 3-matic software for segmentation and meshing. The model was imported into ABAQUS for further integration and assignment of properties. The bone remodeling algorithm was applied over 12 months, simulating the intact scoliosis (IS) condition. Loading conditions specific to IS were applied, and three scenarios of muscle paralysis were modeled: longissimus pars thoracic (LGPT) muscle paralysis, multifidus lumborum (MFL) muscle paralysis, and both muscles’ paralysis. The current study found variable bone density and Young’s modulus distributions for cancellous and cortical bones in the AIS model. Trabecular bone density varied between 0.297 and $0.317 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}$, with Young’s modulus ranging from 99.61 to 115.83 MPa. Cortical bone density ranged from 1.466 to 1.665 $\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}$, while Young’s modulus was between 11,794 and 16,110 MPa. The highest von Mises stress was observed in the cortical bone, particularly in the concave region, which is under higher compression in AIS patients than healthy spines. The results of this study support Frost’s mechanostat theory, suggesting that uneven loading leads to higher bone density on the concave side of scoliotic vertebrae. The study demonstrates the feasibility of using computational models to simulate AIS and highlights the significance of muscle conditions on bone remodeling and stress distribution in vertebrae.

关键词： Computational modeling Scoliosis Loading Muscles Bones Paralysis Artificial intelligence Cortical bone Stress Load modeling

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Development of photoreactive demineralized bone matrix 3D printing colloidal inks for bone tissue engineering

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2023年第1期10卷 1604-1617页

作者： Katie J.Hogan Hayriye Oztatlı Marissa R.Perez Sophia Si Reyhan Umurhan Elysa Jui Ziwen Wang Emily Y.Jiang Sa R.Han Mani Diba K.Jane Grande-Allen Bora Garipcan Antonios G.Mikos Department of Bioengineering Rice UniversityMS-1426500 Main StreetHoustonTX 77030USA Baylor College of Medicine Medical Scientist Training Program HoustonTX 77030USA Institute of Biomedical Engineering Bo�gazic¸i University_Istanbul34684Turkey

Demineralized bone matrix(DBM)has been widely used clinically for dental,craniofacial and skeletal bone repair,as an osteoinductive and osteoconductive material.3D printing(3DP)enables the creation of bone tissue engineering scaffolds with complex geometries and *** methacryloylated gelatin nanoparticles(GNP-MAs)3DP inks have been developed,which display gel-like behavior for high print fidelity and are capable of post-printing photocrosslinking for control of scaffold swelling and ***,novel DBM nanoparticles(DBM-NPs,∼400 nm)were fabricated and characterized prior to incorporation in 3DP *** objectives of this study were to determine how these DBM-NPs would influence the printability of composite colloidal 3DP inks,assess the impact of ultraviolet(UV)crosslinking on 3DP scaffold swelling and degradation and evaluate the osteogenic potential of DBM-NP-containing composite colloidal *** addition of methacryloylated DBM-NPs(DBM-NP-MAs)to composite colloidal inks(100:0,95:5 and 75:25 GNP-MA:DBM-NP-MA)did not significantly impact the rheological properties associated with printability,such as viscosity and shear recovery or *** crosslinking with a UV dosage of 3 J/cm2 directly impacted the rate of 3DP scaffold swelling for all GNP-MA:DBM-NP-MA ratios with an∼40%greater increase in scaffold area and pore area in uncrosslinked versus photocrosslinked scaffolds over 21 days in phosphate-buffered saline(PBS).Likewise,degradation(hydrolytic and enzymatic)over 21 days for all DBM-NP-MA content groups was significantly decreased,∼45%less in PBS and collagenase-containing PBS,in UV-crosslinked versus uncrosslinked *** incorporation of DBM-NP-MAs into scaffolds decreased mass loss compared to GNP-MA-only scaffolds during collagenase *** in vitro osteogenic study with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells demonstrated osteoconductive properties of 3DP scaffolds for the DBM-NP-MA contents examine

关键词： demineralized bone matrix colloidal hydrogels 3D printing bone tissue engineering

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Preliminary Measurements of Wind Noise from a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine with Helical Blades Having a Wide Range of Helical Angles 13

Preliminary Measurements of Wind Noise from a Vertical Axis ...

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13th IEEE Global Conference on Consumer Electronic, GCCE 2024

作者： Mizumaki, Mayu Takahashi, Yoshinori Mashidori, Hideto Tokyo Metropolitan College of Industrial Technology Mechanical Engineering Program Advanced Course Tokyo Japan Kogakuin University Department of Information Design Tokyo Japan Tokyo Metropolitan College of Industrial Technology Aerospace Engineering Course Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350355079

Preliminary wind noise experiments on a wind turbine with a wide range of helix angle condition blades, including excessive angles, were conducted to investigate helix angle conditions that reduce wind shear noise. The wind turbine used in the experiment had three helical blades, with helix angles varying from 0° to 150°. Blades with a helix angle of 0° are straight blades. When the three blades are evenly distributed on the circumference, the blades are 120° apart. Therefore, a blade with helical angles greater than 120° and 150° has an angular position that overlaps that of the neighboring blade. Preliminary experiments were conducted to measure and evaluate the wind shear noise of vertical-axis wind turbines possessing a wide range of helical angle condition blades, including such excessive helical angles. In preliminary experiments, the wind noise generated when a windmill was rotated at a constant speed using a motor in a windless anechoic chamber was measured. The experimental results showed that wind noise was reduced the most when the twist angle was 150°, despite the excessive twist angle condition. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Anechoic chambers

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Influence of post-processing on the properties of 3D-printed poly(propylene fumarate) star polymer hydroxyapatite nanocomposites

RSC Applied Polymers

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RSC Applied Polymers 2023年第1期1卷 73-81页

作者： Klein, Taylor R. Kirillova, Alina Gall, Ken Becker, Matthew L. Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke University Durham 27708 NC United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Duke University Durham 27708 NC United States Department of Chemistry Duke University Durham 27708 NC United States

Vat photopolymerization is able to produce intricate parts at high print speed, good part fidelity, and strong mechanical properties. However, as materials become more complex and printing technologies advance, the post-printing processing conditions of these parts must be considered. Poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) 4-arm stars with a of degree of polymerization (DP) of 120 were photochemically 3D printed with 5 wt% hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles (<200 nm) as a filler in a nanocomposite scaffold targeted for bone regeneration applications. Nanocomposites and pure polymers were subjected to a number of post-printing processing conditions including UV post-curing times, cure temperatures and drying times in a vacuum oven. The impact of these conditions on mechanical properties were analyzed in compression, tension, and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). mechanical behavior is highly tunable with the variation of each of these different processing conditions. © 2023 RSC.

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