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Interfacial reactions in the Sn-9.0 wt.% Zn/Cu-Ti alloy (C1990 HP) couple

Soldering and Surface Mount Technology 2024年第1期36卷 30-38页

作者： Laksono, Andromeda Dwi Chen, Chih-Ming Yen, Yee-Wen Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan Study Program of Material and Metallurgical Engineering Institut Teknologi Kalimantan Balikpapan Indonesia

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of adding a small amount of Ti to a Cu-based alloy, specifically the commercial Hyper Titanium Copper alloy (C1990 HP), which contains Cu-3.28 wt.% Ti, on its interfacial reaction with Sn-9.0 wt.% Zn (SnZn) solder, using the liquid/solid reaction couple technique. Design/methodology/approach: The SnZn/C1990 HP couples were subjected to a reaction temperature of 240–270°C for a duration of 0.5–5 h. The resulting reaction couple was characterized using a scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer, electron probe microanalyzer and X-ray diffractometer. Findings: It was observed that the scallop-shaped CuZn5 and planar Cu5Zn8 phases were formed in almost all SnZn/C1990 HP couples. With increased reaction duration and temperature, the Cu-rich intermetallic compound (IMC)-Cu5Zn8 phase became a dominant IMC formed at the interface. The total thickness of the IMCs was increased with the increase in the reaction duration and temperature. The IMC growth obeyed the parabolic law, and the IMC growth mechanism was diffusion controlled. The activation energy of the SnZn/C1990 HP couple was 64.71 kJ/mol. Originality/value: This article presents an analysis of the IMC thickness in each sample using ImageJ software, followed by kinetic analysis using Origin software at various reaction temperatures of SnZn/C1990 HP in liquid/solid couples. The study also includes detailed reports on the morphology, interface composition and X-ray diffraction analysis, as well as the activation energy. The findings can serve as a valuable reference for electronic packaging companies that utilize C1990 HP substrates. © 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited.

关键词： Binary alloys

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Data-driven mapping-relationship mining between hardness and mechanical properties of dual-phase titanium alloys via random forest and statistical analysis

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Rare Metals 2024年第2期43卷 829-841页

作者： Hai-Chao Gong Qun-Bo Fan Hong-Mei Zhang Xing-Wang Cheng Wen-Qiang Xie Kai Chen Lin Yang Jun-Jie Zhang Bing-Qiang Wei Shun Xu School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Materials Under Shock and Impact Beijing100081China Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center Chongqing401135China Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE68588USA

In order to accelerate the research on the property optimization of titanium alloy based on high-throughput methods,it is necessary to reveal the relationship between hardness and other mechanical properties which is still *** this work,taking Ti20C alloy as research object,almost all the microstructure of dual-phase titanium alloys were covered by traversing over 100 heat treatment ***,massive experiments including microstructure characterization and performance test were conducted,obtaining 51,590 pieces of microstructure data and 3591 pieces of mechanical property ***,based on large-scale data-driven technology,the quantitative mapping relationship between hardness and other mechanical properties was deeply *** results of random forest models showed that the correlation between hardness(H)and Charpy impact energy(A_(k))(or elongation,A)was hardly dependent on the microstructure types,while the relationship between H and tensile strength(R_(m))(or yield strength,R_(p0.2))was highly dependent on microstructure ***,combined with statistical analysis,it was found that the relationship between H and Ak(or A)were negatively ***,the relationship between H and strength was positively linear for equiaxed microstructure,and strength was linked to d^(−1/2)(d,equivalent circle diameter)ofα-grains in the form of classical Hall–Petch formula;but for other microstructures,the relationships were ***,the above rules were nearly the same in the rolling direction and transverse ***,a"four-quadrant partition map"between H and R_(p0.2)/R_(m) was established as a versatile material-screening tool,which can provide guidance for on-demand selection of titanium alloys.

关键词： Dual-phase titanium alloy Data-driven Hardness Mapping relationship

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Microstructural and electrochemical behaviour of severely surface-deformed 316L steel manufactured by conventional and selective laser melting routes

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materials science and Technology (United Kingdom) 2024年第17期40卷 1268-1284页

作者： Kumar, Vikesh Kumbhar, Nilesh K. Joshi, Manoj D. Ma, Yuan-Ron Singh, Indrasen Hosmani, Santosh S. Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science Indian Institute of Technology Indore Indore India Department of Mechanical Engineering Marathwada Mitra Mandal's College of Engineering Pune India Department of Physics National Dong Hwa University Hualien Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Indore Indore India

This study thoroughly examines the influence of conventional and selective laser melting (SLM) routes and surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) on the microstructural and electrochemical properties of 316L steel. Compared to wrought specimens, the SLM specimens exhibit significantly smaller grains (∼41 vs. ∼83 µm) and higher dislocation density (∼7.2 × 1013 vs. ∼3.7 × 1012 m−2). Both specimens show nearly doubled surface hardness after SMAT, with the SLM surface displaying a ∼30 nm grain size and minimal α’ phase. The microstructure significantly influences passivation and corrosion behaviour. The SLM specimens exhibit superior electrochemical characteristics to wrought counterparts in SMATed (0.00299 mmpy) and non-SMATed (0.00771 mmpy) conditions. SMAT effectively eliminates surface porosity, enhancing the passivation and corrosion resistance of SLM steel. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： X ray photoelectron spectroscopy

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TiZrHfNb refractory high-entropy alloys with twinning-induced plasticity

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Journal of materials science & Technology 2024年第20期187卷 72-85页

作者： Shubin Wang Da Shu Peiying Shi Xianbing Zhang Bo Mao Donghong Wang Peter.K.Liaw Baode Sun Shanghai Key Lab of Advanced High-temperature Materials and Precision Forming and State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Department of Materials Science and Engineering The University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN37996USA

The twinning-induced plasticity(TWIP)effect has been widely utilized in austenite steels,β-Ti alloys,and recently developed face-centered-cubic(FCC)high-entropy alloys(HEAs)to simultaneously enhance the tensile strength and *** this study,for the first time,the TWIP effect through hierarchical{332}<113>mechanical twinning has been successfully engineered into the TiZrHfNb refractory HEAs by decreasing temperature and tailoring the content of Nb to destabilize the BCC *** cryogenic tem-perature,the comprehensive hierarchical{332}<113>mechanical twins are activated in TiZrHfNb_(0.5) alloy from micro-to nanoscale and progressively segment the BCC grains into nano-scale islands during de-formation,ensuring sustainable strain hardening capability and eventually achieving a substantial 35%uniform tensile *** addition,at 77 K,the tensile strength and uniform elongation of TiZrHfNbx alloys can further be adjusted by a moderate increase of *** results above shed new light on the de-velopment of high-performance refractory HEAs with a high and adjustable strength and ductility com-bination down to the cryogenic temperature.

关键词： Refractory high-entropy alloys Cryogenic temperature Twinning induced plasticity Hierarchical twins Tensile properties

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Imaging and structure analysis of ferroelectric domains,domain walls,and vortices by scanning electron diffraction

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npj Computational materials 2024年第1期10卷 2154-2161页

作者： Ursula Ludacka Jiali He Shuyu Qin Manuel Zahn Emil Frang Christiansen Kasper A.Hunnestad Xinqiao Zhang Zewu Yan Edith Bourret István Kézsmárki Antonius T.Jvan Helvoort Joshua Agar Dennis Meier Department of Materials Science and Engineering NTNU Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway Department of Computer Science and Engineering Lehigh UniversityBethlehemPAUSA Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA Experimental Physics V University of AugsburgAugsburgGermany Department of Physics NTNU Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway Department of Physics ETH ZurichZürichSwitzerland Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCAUSA

Direct electron detectors in scanning transmission electron microscopy give unprecedented possibilities for structure analysis at the *** electronic and quantum materials,this new capability gives access to,for example,emergent chiral structures and symmetry-breaking distortions that underpin functional *** nanoscale structural features with statistical significance,however,is complicated by the subtleties of dynamic diffraction and coexisting contrast mechanisms,which often results in a low signal-to-noise ratio and the superposition of multiple signals that are challenging to deconvolute.

关键词： properties structure ferroelectric

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Aerosol jet printing of surface acoustic wave microfluidic devices

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 231-242页

作者： Joseph Rich Brian Cole Teng Li Brandon Lu Hanyu Fu Brittany N.Smith Jianping Xia Shujie Yang Ruoyu Zhong James L.Doherty Kanji Kaneko Hiroaki Suzuki Zhenhua Tian Aaron D.Franklin Tony Jun Huang Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVA 24061USA Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Deptartment of Precision Mechanics Faculty of Science and EngineeringChuo UniversityTokyo 112-8551Japan Department of Chemistry Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA

The addition of surface acoustic wave(SAW)technologies to microfluidics has greatly advanced lab-on-a-chip applications due to their unique and powerful attributes,including high-precision manipulation,versatility,integrability,biocompatibility,contactless nature,and rapid ***,the development of SAW microfluidic devices is limited by complex and time-consuming micro/nanofabrication techniques and access to cleanroom facilities for multistep photolithography and vacuum-based *** simplify the fabrication of SAW microfluidic devices with customizable dimensions and functions,we utilized the additive manufacturing technique of aerosol jet *** successfully fabricated customized SAW microfluidic devices of varying materials,including silver nanowires,graphene,and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)polystyrene sulfonate(PEDOT:PSS).To characterize and compare the acoustic actuation performance of these aerosol jet printed SAW microfluidic devices with their cleanroom-fabricated counterparts,the wave displacements and resonant frequencies of the different fabricated devices were directly measured through scanning laser Doppler ***,to exhibit the capability of the aerosol jet printed devices for lab-on-a-chip applications,we successfully conducted acoustic streaming and particle concentration ***,we demonstrated a novel solution-based,direct-write,single-step,cleanroom-free additive manufacturing technique to rapidly develop SAW microfluidic devices that shows viability for applications in the fields of biology,chemistry,engineering,and medicine.

关键词： printing wave fluid

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Recent advances in tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy probe designs

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Nano Research 2023年第4期16卷 5555-5571页

作者： Da Xu Boqun Liang Yaodong Xu Ming Liu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California-RiversideRiversideCalifornia 92521USA Materials Science and Engineering program University of California-RiversideRiversideCalifornia 92521USA

Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(TERS)imaging is a super-resolution imaging technique that features the merits of both surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)and scanning probe microscopy(SPM),such as the high chemical sensitivity from the former and the nanoscale spatial resolution from the *** advantages make TERS an essential nanospectroscopic characterization technique for chemical analysis,materials science,bio-sensing,*** probes,the most critical factor determining the TERS imaging quality,are expected to provide a highly confined electromagnetic hotspot with a minimized scattering background for the generation of Raman signals with high spatial *** two decades of development,numerous probe design concepts have been proposed and *** review provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art TERS probe designs,from the working mechanism to the practical *** start with reviewing the recent development of TERS configurations and the corresponding working mechanisms,including the SPM platforms,optical excitation/collection techniques,and probe preparation *** then review the emerging novel TERS probe designs,including the remote-excitation probes,the waveguide-based nanofocusing probes,the metal-coated nanofocusing probes,the nanowire-assisted selective-coupling probes,and the tapered metal-insulator-metal *** discussion focuses on a few critical aspects,including the surface-plasmon-polariton(SPP)hotspot excitation technique,conversion efficiency,working frequency,and *** the end,we review the latest TERS applications and give a perspective on the future of TERS.

关键词： tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy plasmonics scanning probe microscopy nanoscale imaging nanophotonics nanofocusing

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mechanically robust bamboo node and its hierarchically fibrous structural design

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National science Review 2023年第2期10卷 199-211页

作者： Si-Ming Chen Si-Chao Zhang Huai-Ling Gao Quan Wang LiChuan Zhou Hao-Yu Zhao Xin-Yu Li Ming Gong Xiao-Feng Pan Chen Cui Ze-Yu Wang YongLiang Zhang HengAn Wu Shu-Hong Yu Department of Chemistry Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic MaterialsDivision of Nanomaterials & Chemistry Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Institute of Energy Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center University of Science and Technology of China CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials Department of Modern MechanicsEngineering and Materials Science Experiment CenterUniversity of Science and Technology of China Institute of Innovative Materials (I2M) Department of Materials Science and EngineeringDepartment of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology

Although short bamboo nodes function in mechanical support and fluid exchange for bamboo survival,their structures are not fully understood compared to unidirectional fibrous ***,we identify the spatial heterostructure of the bamboo node via multiscale imaging strategies and investigate its me chanical properties by multimodal mechanical *** find three kinds of hierarchical fiber reinforcement schemes that originate from the bamboo node,including spatially tightened interlocking,triaxial interconnected scaffolding and isotropic *** reinforcement schemes,built on porous vascular bundles,microfibers and more-refined twist-aligned nanofibers,govern the structural stability of the bamboo via hierarchical *** addition,the spatial liquid transport associated with these multiscale fibers within the bamboo node is experimentally verified,which gives perceptible evidence for life-indispensable multidirectional fluid *** functional integration of mechanical reinforcement and liquid transport reflects the fact that the bamboo node has opted for elaborate structural optimization rather than ingredient *** study will advance our understanding of biological materials and provide insight into the design of fiber-reinforced structures and biomass utilization.

关键词： biological materials bamboo node hierarchical fiber structural reinforcement functional integration

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Accelerated discovery of eutectic compositionally complex alloys by generative machine learning

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npj Computational materials 2024年第1期10卷 1091-1102页

作者： Z.Q.Chen Y.H.Shang X.D.Liu Y.Yang Department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong KongHong KongChina City University of Hong Kong(Dongguan) DongguanGuangdongChina College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong KongKowloonChina Department of System Engineering College of EngineeringCity University of Hong KongKowloonChina

Eutectic alloys have garnered significant attention due to their promising mechanical and physical properties,as well as their technological ***,the discovery of eutectic compositionally complex alloys(ECCAs)(*** entropy eutectic alloys)remains a formidable challenge in the vast and intricate compositional space,primarily due to the absence of readily available phase *** address this issue,we have developed an explainable machine learning(ML)framework that integrates conditional variational autoencoder(CVAE)and artificial neutral network(ANN)models,enabling direct generation of *** overcome the prevalent problem of data imbalance encountered in data-driven ECCA design,we have incorporated thermodynamicsderived data descriptors and employed K-means clustering methods for effective data *** our ML framework,we have successfully discovered dual-or even tri-phased ECCAs,spanning from quaternary to senary alloy systems,which have not been previously reported in the *** findings hold great promise and indicate that ourML framework can play a pivotal role in accelerating the discovery of technologically significant ECCAs.

关键词： eutectic alloys alloy

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Rapid Outgassing of Hydrophilic TiO_(2) Electrodes Achieves Long-Term Stability of Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第8期17卷 219-236页

作者： Shajahan Shaik Jeonghyeon Kim Mrinal Kanti Kabiraz Faraz Aziz Joon Yong Park Bhargavi Rani Anne Mengfan Li Hongwen Huang Ki Min Nam Daeseong Jo Sang-Il Choi Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566South Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566South Korea Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials Pusan National UniversityBusan 46241South Korea Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of TechnologyRaipur 492010India College of Materials Science and Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082HunanPeople’s Republic of China

The state-of-the-art anion-exchange membrane water electrolyzers(AEMWEs)require highly stable electrodes for prolonged *** stability of the electrode is closely linked to the effective evacuation of H_(2) or O_(2) gas generated from electrode surface during the *** this study,we prepared a superhydrophilic electrode by depositing porous nickel–iron nanoparticles on annealed TiO_(2) nanotubes(NiFe/ATNT)for rapid outgassing of such nonpolar *** super-hydrophilic NiFe/ATNT electrode exhibited an overpotential of 235 mV at 10 mA cm^(−2) for oxygen evolution reaction in 1.0 M KOH solution,and was utilized as the anode in the AEMWE to achieve a current density of 1.67 A cm^(−2) at 1.80 *** addition,the AEMWE with NiFe/ATNT electrode,which enables effective outgassing,showed record stability for 1500 h at 0.50 A cm^(−2) under harsh temperature conditions of 80±3℃.

关键词： TiO_(2)nanotubes NiFe Super-hydrophilic electrode Oxygen evolution reaction Anion-exchange membrane water electrolyzer

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